초록

투기 현황 : 투기폐기물 화학특성, 배출현황
지표면 단층촬영 : 박스코어링, X-radiograph
분자생물기법 : 박테리아 생산력 및 유기물 분해능력 측정, 검색용 염기배열구조
투기물 침강퇴적역학 : 시계열 고분해능 퇴적물 트랩계류 기술 확보, 저층해류 관측용 유속계 계류
투기물 이동확산 : 표층해수 순환, 일반해양 환경조사, 기초생산력 조사
투기해역 환경용량평가 예비자료 수집 : 해역수질, 해저퇴적물 생태조사, 부유물 조사, 해수 성층 발달 조사

Abstract ▼

Development of monitoring technology for the waste disposal areas in the East Sea was attempted as a part of the "Marine environmental monitoring and assessment technology". Disposal sites in the East Sea had been visited in January, April, May and July 1996 for the characterization of sea disposal

Development of monitoring technology for the waste disposal areas in the East Sea was attempted as a part of the "Marine environmental monitoring and assessment technology". Disposal sites in the East Sea had been visited in January, April, May and July 1996 for the characterization of sea disposal areas. Also, two arrays of time series sediment traps and current meters were deployed in the bottom waters. Time-series observation is essential to observe and documents a large temporal variability in the temperate ocean like the waste disposal sites in the East Sea. Ship-borne observation will hardly cover the short-term variability. Wastes disposal statistics shows that disposed wastes in the sea has been increased 8 times in total amounts during the last 7 years, and mostly consisted of treated night soil and wastes from the municipal waste treatment plants. Disposal area of Byung is located in the main stream of Warm Tsushima Current. Jung area is located in the bifurcation area of East Korean Warm Current and Japan Coastal Current. Current in the bottom waters in Ulleung Basin is variable in direction and up to 5cm/sec. The deep waters in the East Sea is undergoing a rapid decrease in dissolved oxygen (0.7 mmol $1^{-1}$). The suboxic bottom waters were frequently occurred during the recent geologic past. However, the increase of nutrient in the surface waters due to the waste disposal were not detected. East Sea is characterized with a single large phytoplankton bloom in the fall. Climate over the East Sea appears not to allow phytoplankton bloom in spring due to the continuation of winter condition of deep surface mixed layer and wind regime. However, primary productivity in waste disposal areas of Byung and Jung shows high values in the summer, which is probably aroused from the waste disposal practices, although a detailed investigation will follow later. Phytoplankton community was dominated by the diatoms, especially Chaetoceros spp. and Thalassionema nitzchioides. Protozoan abundance and activities appear to be a little lower in the waste disposal areas than in the control area. In order to understand microbial community and environmental significance, 300 species of eubacteria and 10 species of actinomyces were isolated. Particulate organic carbon fluxes in April and May 1996 were 17.4 and 11.4 mg C $m^{-2 d^{-1}$ at water depths of 1000 and 2000 m, respectively at Ulleung Basin. Oxygen consumption rate between water depths of 1000 and 2000 m is 0.66 mmol O2 $m^{-2} d^{-1}$. Since the settling particulates are continually being collected at Byung and control areas, annual carbon and oxygen flux will be reported in the later. Residence time of metal ions were elucidated using 234Th:238U disequilibria in the surface waters. The average residence time of dissolved and particulate 234Th in the surface waters are 21 and 19 days, respectively. New production was estimated using depth distribution of dissolve and particulate 234Th, POC/234Th, and PON/234Th of settling particulate matter. In summer, the f-ratio is 0.27 to 0.29, which is similar to the oligotrophic ocean in the Pacific Gyre. The annual particle flux in the control area is 96 g$m^{-2}yr^{-1}$, largely consisting of biogenic particles. The relative abundance in fluxes of organic matter, calcium carbonate, opal and lithogenic matter were 8.5, 16.4, 41.4 and 32.0%, respectively. The particle flux over the 3 months in the late fall provided 65 % of the annual particle flux. Foraminifera and pteropods bloomed also coincided to the period of particle bloom in the late fall. The annual cycle of phytoplankton primary productivity was constructed based on the time series measurement of export fluxes of biogenic matter and water column stability. Climate over the area as manifested by the temporal variation of surface mixed layer depth and sensible heat flux indicated that the phytoplankton bloom could not develop in spring but in fall in the East Sea.

목차 Contents

• 제1장 서론...24
• 제2장 투기물 특성과 이동·확산 예측기술 개발...26
• 1절 서론...26
• 2절 투기 폐기물의 특성 및 배출현황...28
• 3절 해황조사...39
• 4절 난류확산 실험...72
• 5절 요약 및 토의...80
• 제3장 투기장해역 수질환경...82
• 1절 동해 수질 환경...82
• 2절 기초생산력...104
• 3절 유기성 폐기물 투기로 인한 해역의 부영양화 진행의 여부...113
• 제4장 투기장해역 박테리아 개체수, 생산력, 효소활동도, 미소편모류 개체수, 섭식률...115
• 1절 재료 및 방법...115
• 2절 결과 및 고찰...118
• 3절 요약...127
• 제5장 분자생물기법...146
• 1절 서론...146
• 2절 재료 및 방법...148
• 3절 핵산물질의 추출...151
• 4절 RNA의 추출...153
• 5절 oligonucleotide primer...153
• 6절 Probe...154
• 7절 결과...155
• 제6장 무인자동연속 해황관측 시계열 침강입자 자동 채취기기 장기 계류...165
• 1절 시계열 퇴적물 트랩 개요...165
• 2절 계류방법...167
• 3절 해류계 계류...180
• 4절 유속계 계류결과...181
• 5절 유기탄소 침강 플럭스...181
• 제7장 투기장 표층해양의 금속원소 채류기간과 입자 침강속도...184
• 1절 $^{234}Th/;:/;^{238}U$ 비평형 이용기법...184
• 2절 표층해양 Th 흡착·침강 모델...185
• 3절 재료 및 방법...186
• 4절 결과...186
• 제8장 울릉분지 신생산...188
• 제9장 해저 표면구조...191
• 1절 해저 표면구조...191
• 2절 해저면 용존산소 소모율(대조구역)...211
• 제10장 결론...212
• 제11장 참고문헌...215
• 부록...230
• 1. 해양폐기물 배출관련 법규...248
• 2. 피터대제만의 생물기원입자물 퇴적과정 연구...270
• 3. 동해 해양과학 서지...280