초록 ▼

- 연속성이 양호한 퇴적암의 특성을 나타내는 양호한 노두의 광상은 대부분 소진되었으며, 단층등에 의해 예측이 쉽지 않은 지역의 광상들이 주로 남아있어 이러한 점들을 극복하기 위하여, 짧은 시기에 분출하여 넓은 지역을 덮는 화산회층등을 표식지층(marker bed)으로 이용한 층서대비를 통하여 효과적인 광체탐사를 할 필요가 있다. 흡착제 제조등 부가가치가 높은 제품을 만드는데 광물 및 물리화학적인 기초지식을 제공하는데 있다.
- 벤토나이트 합성연구에서는 값싼 자연산 광물 [활석 (talc), 엽납석 (pyrophyllite) 및

- 연속성이 양호한 퇴적암의 특성을 나타내는 양호한 노두의 광상은 대부분 소진되었으며, 단층등에 의해 예측이 쉽지 않은 지역의 광상들이 주로 남아있어 이러한 점들을 극복하기 위하여, 짧은 시기에 분출하여 넓은 지역을 덮는 화산회층등을 표식지층(marker bed)으로 이용한 층서대비를 통하여 효과적인 광체탐사를 할 필요가 있다. 흡착제 제조등 부가가치가 높은 제품을 만드는데 광물 및 물리화학적인 기초지식을 제공하는데 있다.
- 벤토나이트 합성연구에서는 값싼 자연산 광물 [활석 (talc), 엽납석 (pyrophyllite) 및 딕카이트 (dickite)]들을 사용하여 벤토나이트를 저온 저압에서 효과적으로 합성하고자 한다. 즉, 압력 100bar 이내, 온도 400℃ 이하, 반응기간 3일 이내, 중성조건 (pH = 5∼11) 등의 제반 열수조건 내에서 90% 이상 단일상으로 이루어진 저렴하고 고품질 및 고기능성의 벤토나이트를 합성하고자 한다.
- Ca-형 벤토나이트와 Na-형 벤토나이트의 광물학적, 물리-화학적 성질(pH, 팽윤도, 점도, CEC, MB 흡착량등)과 열적특성을 비교하여 명확히 그 차별성을 규명한다. 또한 유기 양이온 (HDTMA, CP)을 치환시켜 유기
-벤토나이트를 제조하여 그 광물학적 특성을 비교 검토하고 흡착특성을 파악한다.
- 시료채취, 선별실험을 위한 광물감정 및 입돈분석, 입도분석 및 광물감정 결과를 기초로 점토광물내 포함되어 있는 불순물 제거 실험
·조립질 불순물과 미립 벤토나이트 광물의 분리를 위한 건식 해쇄기술 개발
·품위향상을 위한 습식해쇄 및 연속 처리공정 개발
·연속처리공정에서 회수된 정제 벤토나이트를 대상으로 한 자력선별 실험
- 본 연구에서는 수열양생법과 소성법에 의한 향후 상용화 공정을 대비한 실험실 규모의 최적 제조공정을 확립하기 위하여 100×100x12mm 크기의 건축재용 석판재 제조시험을 수행하여 각 조건에서 제조한 시편의 물성을 조사하였다. 즉, 수열양생법에서는 원료배합 조건, 성형압력, 수증기압, 반응시간를 변수로하여 건축재 제조시험을 실시하였으며 소성법에서는 원료배합 조건, 성형압력, 소성온도 및 소성시간를 변수로하여 건축재 제조시험을 실시하여 각 조건에서 제조한 건축재의 물성 및 특성을 조사하여 최적 제조조건을 확립하였다. 대형화, 실용화를 대비한 기초자료를 확보하였다.

Abstract ▼

Study on the occurrences and value-added progress for the high functional raw minerals
Researches for the clay materials originated from volcanic ash are divided into 5 sections, from beginning to end, the mineral prospection of clay minerals occurred in the formations after Late Cenozoic era of

Study on the occurrences and value-added progress for the high functional raw minerals
Researches for the clay materials originated from volcanic ash are divided into 5 sections, from beginning to end, the mineral prospection of clay minerals occurred in the formations after Late Cenozoic era of Korean peninsula, manufacture of adsorptive complexes for the elimination of unnecessary elements, beneficiation of medium to low grade bentonite ores, and light-weight brick made of sludge remained after processing.
Serial researches of this study are to pursue an effective use of clay resources from the prospection of ore deposit to the final usage of waste remaining after beneficiation process. When we take into account natural resources in the view point of economy and environment, it is desirable that all kind of works for the natural resources must be treated in a continuous processes.
1. Occurrence and characteristics of bentonites in the Pohang Tertiary Province
Most of Tertiary deposits of our country are nearly confined in the south-eastern part of Korean peninsula where Yangsan fault lies between Tertiary province and Gyungsang basin. And nearly all of bentonites are also concentrated in the Pohang province. Survey area of this year occupies about 3 mine lots, and they are separated into two areas. Part of Gampo mine lot No. 31 and Yonil claim No. 40 located in the Yongdongri, Yangbugmyon, Gyungju, Gyungbug Province is in the north, and Gampo mine lot No. 47 and 57 situated in the Hyodongri and Seogeubri, Yangnammyon are in the south.
Northern part is mainly covered with Yongdongri Formation of Early Neogene age, and is composed of rather well bedded volcano-sedimentary rocks.But southern area consists of various kinds of volcanic rocks, i.e., Hyodongri Volcanics of Paleogene age composed of lithic tuff, rhyolite, andesite, facile, etc.,and they show rather poor bedding planes. Probably, volcanic vents might had been nearer at the southern area than those of the north.
Bentonites of the northern area are interbedded in the upper part of Yongdongri Formation, and they form lens about 2 meter thick and about 100 meter long. Qualities of bentonite seem to be medium grade according to the mineralogy and physico-chemical properties. But their ore reserves are not so prospectable. Bentonites of the south are pocket and massive in shape, 3∼10 meter thick, and 30∼50 meter long. They are found in the lithic tuff formation which contains lots of rock fragments. And they show poorer sorting than that of the north, and so elimination of rock fragments would be one of the difficulties during ore processing.
Further drilling and detailed trench surveys are desirable for the future exploitation of bentonite ores.
2. A study on the synthesis of bentonite from natural minerals
Bentonite is used in the various industries because of many useful properties, and so domestic demands are gradually increasing. As ore reserves of natural bentonite of good quality are limited and goes to depletion, we need to develop synthetic bentonite of high quality. Accordingly, we are going to synthesize bentonite using cheap and common natural minerals under low temperature and pressure. At last, optimal conditions of hydrothermal synthesis for saponite $[Na_{0.33}(Mg₃)(Al_{0.33}Si_{3.67})O_{10}(OH)₂·n(H₂O)]$ were investigated. The natural talc was previously heated at 800℃ for 4 hour, and after that the sample was hydrothermally treated under the following conditions : pressure, 25kg/㎠ temperature, 230㎠ : time, 20 hour and pH 10. Analcime, enstatite, forsterite and talc were simultaneously observed as coexisting minor phases.
The mineralogical properties for synthesized saponite was analysed by DTA TGA, SEM and XRD. The experimental results showed that physical properties coincided with that of high quality natural saponite. Also, the first basal spacing 12.97Å of synthetic saponite was shifted to 17.24Å after the ethylene glycol treatment, indicating the full expansion characteristics.
3. Research for the organo-clay complex useful in the fields of environment
Ca-type and Na-type bentonites show the great difference of some physico-chemical properties. Na exchanged bentonite is mainly used for the foundry and construction materials in domestic utilization. This study tries to identify in detail the differences of some physicochemical properties and thermal properties between Ca-type and Na-type bentonites. Also the adsorption behavior and interlayer expansion for the HDTMA (Hexadecyltrimethylammonium) exchanged and CP (Cetylprydinium) exchanged Ca-type and Na-type bentonites were compared. Na-type bentonite shows the strong alkaline property, high viscosity and swelling compared to Ca-type bentonite. However, two types are very similar for the cation exchange capacity and MB (Methylene Blue) adsorption.The decomposition of adsorbed and interlayer water of Na-type bentonite is caused in the lower temperature than Ca-type bentonite. And Ca-type bentonite shows the decomposition of structural water in the lower temperature than Na-type bentonite. The interlayer expansion of montmorillonite resulted to the intercalation of HDTMA and CP into bentonite is so strongly caused from 12-15 Å to 40Å (basal spacing) HBTMA-bentonite is almost expanded to 37-38Å when 200% CEC equivalent amount of HDTMA is added, and CP-bentonite is fullly expanded to 40Å in the 140% CEC equivalent amount of CP. It means that CP causes the stronger interlayer expansion of montmorillonite and easier adsorption than HDTMA. Adsorption behaviors of CP into bentonite is so stable and continuously sorbed in the proportion to the treatment of amount until 200% of the CEC equivalents. CP-bentonite shows the same adsorption behavior regardless of Ca-type or Na-type montmorillonite.
4. The development of fine particle process for utilization extension of domestic clay minerals.
Purpose of the research is to develop effective processing technique which can produce higher grade bentonite from low to medium grade ones. Nowadays we are mainly depended upon import for the most of higher grade bentonite for our domestic usage. In this year, we studied for the improvement of dry and wet scrubbing process, continuous process and magnetic separation technique for the higher grade bentonite. And mineral identification and particle size distribution were also found to be effective for the development of cleaning process.
We were able to succeed a continuous process that can produce rather higher grade bentonite(> CEC 80 meq/100gr) and recovery rate of 75% in optimum test condition. Above processes are one of the most important techniques which can produce higher grade bentonite useful in the various industries.
5. Study on the manufacture of building material using bentonite tailings
This study was performed to activate the domestic bentonite mine by reuse waste resources and by minimizing environmentally polluted materials. In order to effectively utilize the tailings produced from mineral dressing process In the domestic bentonite industry, manufacture of building materials is very prospectable.
Building materials were manufactured by introducing hydrothermal and firing process. In order to find out the optimum condition at each process, several experimental factors were examined: press pressure, reaction time, vapour pressure, amounts of slaked lime and amounts of sand in the hydrothermal process and mixing ratio of the raw materials, press pressure, and firing temperature and time of firing process.
During hydrothermal process, the physical properties of building material could be improved by increasing press pressure, reaction time and vapour pressure.There was no shrinkage during hydrothermal reaction. It was found that the physical properties of artificial stone were improved by adding of sand. The raw materials were mixed in two steps. In the first step, 70% bentonite tailing, 20% slaked lime and 10% sand were mixed, and 10% water was added in the second step. The plate was formed at the pressure of 200 kg/㎠, and reacted at the vapor pressure of 20 kg/㎠ for 3 hours. The properties of building materials were as follows; 605 kg/㎠ of compressive strength, 0.49% of water-absorption ratio, and 1.88 of apparent specific gravity. From XRD analysis, it was found that their crystal phases were mainly composed of calcium silicate with tobermorite and xonotlite as minorities.
In the firing process, the shrinkage rate of stone plate was very low at the mixing condition of 85% stone powder sludge, 10% clay and 5% feldspar. Much more stone powder sludges could be utilized at this condition. The physical properties of building materials were improved by increasing the press pressure, firing temperature and firing time. When the above composition was pressed at 200 kg/㎠ and fired at 1100 for 2 hours, the physical properties of building materials were as follows; 800 kg/㎠ of compressive strength, 0.48 of water-absorption ratio, and 2.52 of apparent specific gravity. According to XRD technique, it was found that mineral phases were mainly composed of quartz with minor amounts of hematite and anorthite.

목차 Contents

• 제 1 장 서론...36
• 제 1 절 연구 개발의 필요성...36
• 제 2 절 연구개발의 내용 및 범위...36
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황...39
• 제 3 장 벤토나이트광상의 부존특성연구...44
• 제 1 절 위치 및 교통...44
• 제 2 절 지형...44
• 제 3 절 지질...46
• 1. 감포지적 31호 및 연일지적 40호지역...46
• 2. 감포지적 47호 및 57호일대...48
• 제 4 절 광상...56
• 1. 감포지적 31호 및 연일지적 40호지역...56
• 2. 감포지적 47호지역...59
• 제 5 절 화학성분 분석...66
• 1. 주원소성분...66
• 2. 미량원소...72
• 3. 희토류원소...75
• 제 6 절 물리화학적 특성...79
• 제 7 절 결언...80
• 제 4 장 벤토나이트 합성 연구...82
• 제 1 절 벤토나이트의 특성 및 합성...82
• 1. 벤토나이트의 특성...82
• 2. 점토광물의 합성 방법...85
• 제 2 절 실험 방법...92
• 1. 수열합성 방법...92
• 2. 분석 방법...96
• 제 3 절 결과 및 고찰...97
• 1. 열수합성...97
• 2. 물성 평가 실험...106
• 제 4 절 결론...115
• 제 5 장 유기 벤토나이트의 제조 및 흡착 특성 연구...116
• 제 1 절 서론...116
• 제 2 절 Ca- 및 Na- 벤토나이트의 제반 물성...117
• 1. 광물학적 특성...117
• 2. 물리 -화학적 특성...117
• 3. 열적특성...119
• 제 3 절 유기 화합물의 특성 및 유기 벤토나이트의 제조...122
• 1. 화합물의 특성...122
• 2. 유기 벤토나이트의 제조...123
• 제 4 절 유기 벤토나이트의 특성...124
• 1. HDTMA-벤토나이트의 층간팽 창 특성...124
• 2. CP-벤토나이트 층간팽창특성...126
• 3. CP-벤토나이트의 흡착거동...128
• 제 5 절 결론 및 고찰...131
• 제 6 장 국내산 점토광물의 이용확대를 위한 미립자 선별기술 개발...133
• 제 1 절 서론...133
• 제 2 절 벤토나이트 광물의 개론...134
• 1. 광물학적 특성 및 수급현황...134
• 2. 벤토나이트 광물의 용도 및 기술개발 현황...141
• 제 3 절 벤토나이트 광물의 불순물 제거실험...146
• 1. 시료 및 실험 방법...146
• 2. 실험 결과 및 고찰...159
• 제 4 절 결론...187
• 제 7 장 벤토나이트 광미를 활용한 건축재 제조연구...189
• 제 1 절 수열양생 및 소성에 의한 건축재 제조기술 현황...189
• 1. 혼합...189
• 2. 성형...191
• 3. 건조...195
• 4. 수열반응...198
• 5. 소성...212
• 제 2 절 수열양생 및 소성법에 의한 건축재 제조...217
• 1. 제조원료...217
• 2. 제조공정...218
• 제 3 절 실험 결과 및 고찰...224
• 1. 수열양생법에 의한 건축재 제조...224
• 2. 소성법에 의한 건축재 제조...232
• 3. 제조한 건축재의 특성...237
• 4. 제조법의 비교...242
• 5. 건축재의 활용방안...243
• 제 4 절 결론...249
• 제 8 장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도...250
• 제 9 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획...254
• 제 10 장 참고문헌...256