신선식품의 품질관리는 선도유지를 바탕으로 오랫동안 발전해 왔다. 농수산물의 생산 이후 단계부터 이루어지는 일련의 품질관리 과정을 수확 후처리(혹은 관리, Post-harvest)라고 해서 미국에서는 1900년대 초반부터 관리에 대한 필요성이 제기되었다. 수산업에서는 이 명칭을 어획후처리라고 하며, 농업과는 다른 발전과정을 거쳐 왔다. 하지만 농수산업을 불문하고, 생산 직후부터 이루어지는 선별, 포장, 저온유통, 물류 등의 과정은 기본적인 성격을 같이 공유하는 측면이 있다. 즉 어획(또는 수확) 이후 즉시 선도가 저하되는 상품성격을
신선식품의 품질관리는 선도유지를 바탕으로 오랫동안 발전해 왔다. 농수산물의 생산 이후 단계부터 이루어지는 일련의 품질관리 과정을 수확 후처리(혹은 관리, Post-harvest)라고 해서 미국에서는 1900년대 초반부터 관리에 대한 필요성이 제기되었다. 수산업에서는 이 명칭을 어획후처리라고 하며, 농업과는 다른 발전과정을 거쳐 왔다. 하지만 농수산업을 불문하고, 생산 직후부터 이루어지는 선별, 포장, 저온유통, 물류 등의 과정은 기본적인 성격을 같이 공유하는 측면이 있다. 즉 어획(또는 수확) 이후 즉시 선도가 저하되는 상품성격을 가지고 있다는 점과 선도저하가 상품성뿐만이 아니라 소비자의 건강에 미치는 영향도 크다는 점이 그것이다. 어획후처리는 수산물의 어획 이후의 전 과정에서 선도 유지, 부패 방지를 통해 품질 제고, 손실 저감, 유통판매기간 연장을 목적으로 수행하는 양륙, 선별, 포장, 저장, 수송 등 각종 조치의 총칭을 말한다. 수산물은 어획 후처리 정도에 따라 가치에 큰 차이가 나타날 수 있으며, 이는 어업인 소득에도 적지 않은 영향을 미치는 요인이다.
Abstract▼
■ The Current Post-harvest Management in Fisheries and Problems ○ The focus of research on agricultural management after harvest has shifted from technology to economic policies. - Comprehensive studies on 'post-harvest management' in fisheries are not enough. ○ The current 'post-harvest ma
■ The Current Post-harvest Management in Fisheries and Problems ○ The focus of research on agricultural management after harvest has shifted from technology to economic policies. - Comprehensive studies on 'post-harvest management' in fisheries are not enough. ○ The current 'post-harvest management' in fisheries and problems - A gap between the current landing system(fish market at production areas) and 'post-harvest management'(unsanitary system, wooden boxes, and undesignated section) - Inadequate response to demand for 'pre-treatment'(due to the low pretreatment share) - Inadequate 'cold chain'caused by general cargo transportation - Lack of technology and equipment for 'post-harvest management' and lack of their practical use - Inattention to fisheries policies ○ Cases of advanced 'post-harvest management'(in the agricultural sector) - In the agricultural sector, plum(Kimchun) and cherry tomato(Boeun) succeeded developing as brands and production areas through pre-chilling, selection and pre-treatment. - In the fisheries sector, possible items for 'post-harvest management' include mackerel(large purse seine net), pen shell(Jangheung) and warty sea squirt(Jindong). - In Japan, counters at production areas have led to the implementation of 'post-harvest management', which could possibly be introduced in Korea. ■ The Survey on the Recognition of ' Post-harvest Management in Fisheries' and its Benefits ○ A survey was conducted on fishermen and consumers for their recognition of 'post-harvest management in fisheries'. - Consumers as well as fishermen have the need for 'post-harvest management'. - However, respondents have different ideas about food hygiene and qualify management under 'post-harvest management'. - Their evaluation of the quality and hygiene of fisheries at production areas is 'average'. - Fishermen expect costs to increase by 10% in case of 'post-harvest management'. - Consumer tolerance level for price increase is 10~20% in case of 'post-harvest management'. ○ Improvement after 'post-harvest management'(mackerel and oyster) - Decrease in distribution costs: mackerel(20.3%) and oyster(50.2%) - Increase in producers' price: mackerel(13.7~25.4%) and oyster(10.6~23.8%) ■ Policy Suggestions ○ 6 improvement measures for 'post-harvest management' ○ Improved market system - Distribution of 'the Fisheries Market Quality and Hygiene Management Model': development, distribution and authorization of the model ○ Improved processing during 'pre-treatment' - Support for processing during 'pre-treatment' at fisheries market: support for distribution of cold storage, pre-treatment processing facility and other equipment ○ Improved local logistics - Introduction of fisheries SCM: SCM by fisheries product should be implemented to solve problems of cost structure and during distribution - Fisheries standardization and infrastructure establishment: for fisheries and logistics standardization, the fish box system and fisheries logistics RFID need to be introduced and fish boxes and intra-market logistics should be improved. - Improvement on the fisheries transportation technology: refrigeration and freezer containers should be improved and 'waterless transportation of live fish' should be promoted. - The Logistics Center Dispersed for Fisheries Consumption: value added logistics system needs to be introduced to implement 'pre-treatment' at areas nearby consumers ○ Improvement on 'post-harvest management' technology and equipment - Development of 'post-harvest management' technology and equipment: development of technology or others to maintain freshness of fisheries; development of graders for differentiated landing(fresh fish, ive fish, shellfish and graders on board); high quality sea ice; development of equipment for pre-treatment(fillet, round, shucking); development of automatic fisheries packers; and improvement of refrigeration or freezing technology - Development of manual for 'post-harvest management by item' - Development of fisheries packing materials: small packing materials, pressed paper boxes, trays and flooring materials ○ Support for the main player of 'post-harvest management' - Establishment of the Private-Government-University-Research Institute Organization for 'post-harvest management': integration of post-harvest management in Fisheries Improvement T/F, post-harvest management in Fisheries Supporting Center and relevant associations - Education and Training: education of technology on 'post-harvest management' for fishermen and distributors - Support for joint sales organization at local areas: support on 'post-harvest management' technology for sales counters or producers' distribution organizations ○ Improvement of 'post-harvest management in fisheries' policies or system - Improvement of policy structure: to introduce the concept of 'post-harvest management' and 'joint sales' for policies and to implement voluntary projects - Amendment of the Act on Distribution and Price Stabilization of Agricultural and Fisheries Products: to establish or improve provisions on safety standards of counters and wholesale markets - Amendment of the Quality Control of Fishery Products Act: to regulate 'post-harvest management' under an article(or provisions) - Amendment of the Food Sanitation Act: to mandatorily use refrigeration/freezer trucks for fisheries transportation
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