초록 ▼

‘M/G RI 집단' 164계통을 활용하여 10번 염색체에 존재하는 약배양 효율 관련 QTL 마커 qAGR-10 위치에 밀접히 연관된 RFLP marker를 선발하였으며, 이를 이용한 약배양효율이 높은 인디카 품종 IR 36 NIL 계통을 여교잡에 의하여 육성하였다. 제초제저항성 유전자 전환 벼 특성분석 중 인디카(통일계) 계통과의 F1세대에서 잡종강세가 크게 나타나며 정상 출수와 정상 임실율을 보이는 1계통을 선발하였으며 이 변이체를 Ta라 명명 하였다. 변이체 Ta에 삽입전환유전자를 분리 하였으며, 염기서열을 분석 연결하였다.

‘M/G RI 집단' 164계통을 활용하여 10번 염색체에 존재하는 약배양 효율 관련 QTL 마커 qAGR-10 위치에 밀접히 연관된 RFLP marker를 선발하였으며, 이를 이용한 약배양효율이 높은 인디카 품종 IR 36 NIL 계통을 여교잡에 의하여 육성하였다. 제초제저항성 유전자 전환 벼 특성분석 중 인디카(통일계) 계통과의 F1세대에서 잡종강세가 크게 나타나며 정상 출수와 정상 임실율을 보이는 1계통을 선발하였으며 이 변이체를 Ta라 명명 하였다. 변이체 Ta에 삽입전환유전자를 분리 하였으며, 염기서열을 분석 연결하였다. 벼 삽입위치 염기서열의 상동성을 검색 및 정밀 연관분석을 실시하여 유전자지도를 작성하였으며, Ta 배경의 웅성불임 계통 및 임성회복 계통을 육성하기 위하여 backcross하면서 각 세대에서 확인하여 선발을 진행시켰다. 식물병 방제세균인 P. chlororaphis 06균주의 homoserine lactone을 만드는 효소를 암호화한 phzI 유전자와 Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 의 ACC deaminase 유전자가 과다발현된 형질전환 담배에서 이들 유전자의 내병성 기능을 확인하였다. 벼흰잎마름병균 (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) K3 race에 감염 된 동진벼 잎으로부터 differential screening을 통해 병원균 감염 유도성 유전자들을 클로닝하여 그 발현 특성을 분석하였다. 특히 oryzain alpha (cysteine protease) 유전자와 OsWRKY34 유전자의 특성 및 기능분석을 통하여 내병성이 발현되는 signal transduction을 밝혔으며, 다른 한편, 형질전환 연구팀과 협력하여 분리된 유전자원들이 과다발현된 형질전환 벼를 창출하였다. 다양한 cDNA library와 기능을 유추할 수 있는 각종 신호전달 유전자 등 unique한 2000 여 개의 애기장대 유전자 microarray chip을 제작하였다. 얘기장대를 1℃의 저온에서 2일간 처리한 후, 제작된 2K cDNA chip을 사용하여 microaπay 분석하였다. 대조군에 비하여 2배 이상 발현 증가한 유전자를 선별하고 해당 벼 homolog 유전자 정보를 Genbank database에서 확보하였다. 벼 60K 70 base oligomer chip을 사용하여 저온처리로 인한 유전자 발현 양상을 분석하였으며, 애기장대 microarray 결과를 통해 선별한 벼 homolog유전자와 일치하는 유전자들을 우선적으로 분리하였다. 최종 선별된 유전자군의 northern blot 분석을 이용하여 microaπay 결과를 검증하였다. M/G RIL의 후대계통에 대하여 생육시기에 따라서 growth analysis 관련 특성에 대하여 유전분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 초기급속등숙특성(initial grain filling rate), 동화 및 수용기관 관련 형질의 유전자좌 분석으로서 CGR, RGR 및 NAR 등에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. M/G RIL 후대계통에 대한 미질관련 물리적 특성인 현미길이, 현미넓이, 현미두께, 현미의 길이/넓이 비 및 천립중 등과 화학적 특성이 단백질함량, 아밀로오즈함량, 지방산함량 및 알카리붕괴도 등에 대한 연차변이 및 유전자좌 분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 원주, 대구, 익산 지역에서 재배된 M/G RIL 후대계통에 대한 미질관련 화학적 특성인 단백질함량, 아밀로스 함량 및 지방산함량에 대한 지역간 차이 및 연차변이를 분석하였다. 기개발 유전자인 j1-1, ACC deaminase, GolS, IAA1-GR, c/DRE 등 5종의 유전자를 대상으로 아그로박테리움을 이용한 형질전환체를 대량 육성하였으며, 육성한 식물체로부터 genomic DNA를 분리한 후 PCR과 Southern blot으로 외래 유전자의 삽입여부를 확인하였다. 특히 Southern 분석에 의한 1copy 도입 개체를 Northern 분석하여 도입유전자의 발현를 확인하였으며, 포장에 전개된 형질전환체 계통으로부터 농업적형질 특성조사와 흰잎마름병 등 주요병해에 대한 저항성 검정으로 표현형이 건전한 우량 선발 계통을 약배양 하여 형질전환체를 고정하였다. 벼 유용유전자 개발을 위한 유전지원 개발 및 특성평가를 위하여 내염성 형질을 중심으로 간척지 앵미 유전자원의 수집 및 특성조사를 통한 작물 유전자 연구의 기반조성과 이들 유전자원의 평가 및 선발을 하였고, 원연간 교잡에서 여교잡 후대의 약배양을 이용한 선발체계를 확립하였다. 유용 유전자 탐색을 위한 M/G RILs의 농업형질 분석을 통히여 직파적응 준단간 품종 육성을 위한 조기선발을 정보를 얻고자 GA3 처리에 대한 유묘초장 반응과 출수후 간장과의 상관관계를 구명하였고, 종자의 휴면과 관련이 있는 수발아 저항성과 종자수명 및 건열저항성간 상관관계를 조사하였다. 또한 M/G RILs에 대한 스트레스 및 수량, 품질관련 형질의 QTL 분석을 통하여 MAS에 의한 육종효율 증대의 기초정보를 얻고자 내염성, 수발아성, 수형 (1·2차 지경수, 착립밀도, 등숙율 등) 및 엽노화 관련 주요 형질(SPAD value, Chroma L, a, b 값 등을 출수후 10일간격 조사)들에 대한 QTL mapping을 통하여 유용 유전자 확보 및 기능분석에 필요한 유전연구를 수행하였다. Allelopathy 연구의 가장 기본이 되는 제초성 물질의 제초효과를 생물검정법과 물질분석법을 확립하였고 제초성 물질의 추출과 이들 물질의 생합성에 관련된 효소의 활성 검정 등을 통하여 벼의 allelopathy 메카니즘을 구명하였다. 제초성 물질 생합성 관련 유전자를 클로닝 하였고 환경스트레스 관련 specific promoter을 선발하였으며 CA4H, OsDTS2 유전자가 도입된 형질전환체를 육성하였다. Allelopathy 효과가 인정된 계통과 재배품종인 통진벼의 교잡종을 육성하여 제초제의 사용량을 줄일 수 있는 실용화 품종과 잡초방제 기술 개발을 시도하였다. C3식물의 주요 저장 탄수화물 형태로 액포에 저장되는 수용성 탄수화물인 fructan은 다당류 탄수화물로서 식물체내의 삼투압을 조절하고, 세포막을 보호하며, 빙점을 낮추는 등의 기능을 하여 식물체의 내냉성 증가에 크게 기여할 것으로 예측되어 fructan 합성 관련 유전자 SST와 FFT들을 형질전환하여 냉해나 동해에 강한 벼 신품종을 육성하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 fructan 합성에 관여하는 효소 활성 측정 및 단백질의 발현 등을 확인하는 동시에 fructan 에 대한 식물체내 합성, 저장, 이용에 대한 생리 생화학적 기작을 조사 분석하고자 하였다. 연구결과 한지형식물에 주로 합성이용되는 fructan을 잘 활용한다면 내냉성이 높은 신품종 육성의 효율성을 크게 높일 것 으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼

1. Molecular mapping and characterization of QTLs related to anther culturability and F1 heterosis of Indica/Japonica crosses
By analyzing 164 lines of 'MG RI population', we selected an RFLP marker 'RZ400' which is closely related with anther culture efficiency QTL, qAGR-10, on chromosome 10. We

1. Molecular mapping and characterization of QTLs related to anther culturability and F1 heterosis of Indica/Japonica crosses
By analyzing 164 lines of 'MG RI population', we selected an RFLP marker 'RZ400' which is closely related with anther culture efficiency QTL, qAGR-10, on chromosome 10. We crossed 'MGRI079' having anther culture efficiency over 30% and 'IR 36' having very low regeneration rate, and made BC2F6 plants by backcross and generation advancement. Using RZ400 as a selective marker, we selected two NIL lines having anther culture efficiency over 10% and agricultural characteristics of IR36. We developed a herbicide resistant transgenic line, 'Ta', which shows high hybrid vigor and normal heading and fertilization rate in F1 generation after crossing with indica (Tongil type) lines. In almost all combinations between Ta and indica varieties, hybrid vigor was very high, and panicle numbers and 1,000 grain weight were increased sustaining high fertilization rate, which resulted in 50~80% yield increase compared with Samgangbyeo. Two inserted genes were isolated from Ta, and these are named as pBAC-252 and pBAC-253. These two genes were sub-cloned and sequenced. The pBAC-252 was 4,634bp long, and inserted gene was located at central part between two rice genomic fragments. The pBAC-253 was 5,162bp long, and inserted gene was located at one end beside one rice genomic fragment. The insertion site was decided to be about 8,900-9,000kb on chromosome 4 by linkage analysis of F2 population from the cross between Ta and Samgangbyeo. To breed male sterile line of Ta background, we crossed Ta with Dian type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line, ms21A, and backcrossed the progeny to Ta six times checking CMS trait. Also, we breed restorer line by crossing Ta with Ansanbyeo which has a gene restoring fertility of Dian type CMS and backcrossing the progeny to Ta five times and checking the presence of bar gene.
2.Analysis and cloning of useful genes for disease resistance of rice
A ACC deaminase gene was cloned from the genomic DNA of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and introduced into the genome of tobacco under the control of CaMV 35S promoter by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Preliminary results showed that some of the T1 lines were to be more resistant against the infection with Erwinia carotovora than non-transgenic plants. Several rice genes that could confer disease resistance in transgenic rice plant were cloned and characterized in this experiment. A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA extracted from infected rice leaves with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a bacterial leaf blight pathogen, to isolate rice genes specifically induced by Xoo infection. Subtractive hybridization and differential screening of the cDNA library led to the isolation of many Xoo-infection inducible genes including a nucleotide diphosphate kinase 1 (OsNDPK1), oryzain alpha(cysteine protease) and a WRKY transcriptional factor gene OsWRKY34. Only transcript of the OsNDPK1 gene was strongly accumulated after infection with Xoo, but other OsNDPK gene expressions(OsNDPK2 and OsNDPK3) were not induced or very weakly induced by the bacterial infection. When rice plants were infected with Burkholderia glumae, a bacterial grain/seedling rot pathogen, expression patterns of the rice NDPK genes were similar to those by infection with Xoo. The oryzain alpha (cysteine protease) gene also showed different expression profile in rice leaves during pathogen infections. Induced expression of the gene was detected in the leaves infected with Xoo, but not in the leaves infected with the bacterial grain rot pathogen, Burkholderia glumae. Immunochemical examination revealed that the cysteine protease accumulation was localized in mesophyll layers in infected leaves, but rarely even in cortical cell layers. The deduced protein of the Os WRKY34 gene contained a single WRKY domain having a Cys-X4-CysHis2 zinc-finger motif, and therefore classified into group lIc WRKY sequence. Transcript of the Os WRKY34 gene is strongly accumulated after infection with Xoo. To understand OsWRKY34 signaling mechanisms, we used yeast two-hybrid system with full-length OsWRKY34 as a bait to identify the OsWRKY34-interacting proteins. Among 107 yeast transformants screened, 40 showed strong activation of the lacZ reporter gene. Clones showing similarity to housekeeping genes were eluminated. The remaining clones including a transcriptional coactivator will contribute to our understanding of the OsWRKY34 signaling mechanisms in rice.
3. Isolation and functional characterization of rice genes associated with low temperature tolerance
In order to isolate stress-tolerant genes of general use for plants, gene that are induced at early time by cold temperature were identified from Arabidopsis and rice by microarray method. In the case of Arabidopsis, we constructed cDNA microarrays for rapid characterization of useful genes for Arabidopsis and rice. Common genes that are induced by cold from Arabidopsis and rice were identified by repeated microarray analysis. These genes can be used for making stress-tolerant transgenic rice.
4. Genetic analysis of the characters related to the rice grain quality for the M/G RILs
The purpose of this study was to locate the quantitative trait loci(QTL) associated with quality properties in the recombinant inbred lines derived from the 'Milyang 23' and 'Gihobyeo' cross. The rapidity of grain filling(RGF) for the 164 M/G RlLs could be classified into four groups such as slow maturing group, mid-slow maturing group, fast maturing group and very fast maturing group based on the rapid grain filling rate. The slow maturing group corresponded to the less than 41% of rapid grain filling, mid-slow maturing group from 41% to 60% of rapid grain filling, fast maturing group from 61% to 80% of rapid grain filling, and very fast maturing group showed more than 81% of rapid grain filling. The daily increasing weights of late maturing and mid-late maturing groups were higher than the early maturing and medium maturing groups until the 7 days after heading. The dry matter accumulation in the mid-late and late maturing groups, however continued the 35 days after heading. The dry matter accumulation in the early maturing and medium maturing groups of M/G RILs were finished at 35 days after heading. Four quality-related traits; protein content, amylose content, fat acid content and sensory value were measured. Eight QTLs for protein content were detected on chromosomes 1 (two loci), 3, 6, 7 and 8 (three loci), each accounting for 6.0% ~ 15.2% of the phenotypic variation. Three QTLs for amylose content were detected on chromosomes 6 and 7 (two loci), each explaining from 7.3% to 24.4% of the phenotypic variation. Six QTLs for fat acid content were detected on chromosomes 2 (two loci), 3, 6 (two loci) and 7, each explaining form 5.5% to 14.0% of the phenotypic variation. Six QTLs for sensory value were detected on chromosomes 2, 6, 7(two loci) and 8 (two loci), each accounting for 5.5% ~ 10.3% of the phenotypic variation. The heading to date and four morphological properties; length, width, thickness and length/width ratio in hulled rice were measured by 2002 and 2003 years. Ten significant QTLs (LOD ≥ 2.0) were the same location detected by different years ; Three QTLs for heading to date were detected on chromosomes 1, 4 and 6, each accounting for 10.3% - 43.4% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs for length in hulled in rice were detected on chromosomes 1 and 10, each explaining form 10.3% to 20.7% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs for width in hulled in rice were detected on chromosomes 5 and 12, each accounting for 12.2% to 34.5% of the phenotypic variation. One QTL for thickness in hulled rice was detected on chromosomes 5, each accounting for 18.6% and 20.3% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs for L/W in hulled rice were detected on chromosomes 1 and 5, each accounting for 13.6% to 24.2% of the phenotypic variation. The width, thickness and L!W in hulled rice were the same location detected on chromosomes 5.
5. Mass production of transgenic lines using genes in rice
Many organisms produce peptides having potent antimicrobial activity as part of their defense arsenal against microbial invasion. Plants have developed defense mechanisms to defend themselves against phytopathosens and respond to water deficit and adapt to drought conditions through various physiological and biochemical changes. Several types of antimicrobial peptides have been identified, including defensins, thionins, lipid transfer proteins, hevein-type peptides and knottin-type peptides. Plant defensins are small (5 kDa) cysteine-rich cationic peptides connected through disulfide bridges to maintain a unique structural configuration. Outside of a conserved group of twelve amino acid residues (eight cysteines, two glycines, one glutamic acid and one aromatic amino acid), the remainder of the amino acids in these peptides are variable. This feature likely contributes to the divergence of their biological activities, which has been assessed for defensins from various plant species. Galactinol synthase catalyzes the first step m the biosynthetic of the raffinose family oligosaccharides(RFO) from UDP-galactose and could play a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress condition, and that galactinol and raffinose may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance of plants. Therefore galactinol synthase provides an experimental tool to manipulate the level of RFOs in seeds or vegitative tissues to analyse the function of RFOs as osmoprotectants. We developed the transgenic rice expressing drought-, cold-inducible genes and improved anti-microbial activity by overexpression of a pepper j1-1 gene, and use it as the breeding source for the development of stress tolerant rice. The regenerated plantlets were obtained and stable incorporation of the transgene into rice genomic DNA was confirmed by PCR and Southern-blot analysis and stable expression was confirmed by Northern-blot analysis. Agricultural trait and disease resistance was investigated to select elite lines and the selected lines were fixed to use breeding sources by anther culture.
6. Selection and evaluation of genetic resources for development of rice genes
To obtain genetic and molecular informations for rice improvement, a total of 244 lines or varieties for salinity tolerance was selected from 166 Korean weedy rice and 335 pigmented rice. In evaluation of the salinity tolerance to thirty-four varieties, the salinity score showed highly significant correlations to dry weight and dead leaf ratio. The selected lines or varieties could be utilized for improving the salt tolerance of japonica rice. The assessment of salt tolerance at seedling stage on 400 plug cell trays using the commercial soil is possible to easy assess mass-breeding materials without hydroponic culture system. In the remote cross of rice, the anther culture of backcross hybrids showed that the mean fertility of BC$_5$F₁ hybrids was almost recovered to that of the japonica recurrent parent, and the mean callus induction and plant regeneration of BC₄F₁ hybrids was almost recovered to that of japonica recurrent parent. The results may help to accelerate the introgression of desirable traits from indica into japonica rice in breeding strategy. The culm length of 164 M/G RILs was negatively correlated with the plant-height elongation index (p<0.01) both 100 ppm GA₃ soaking and spray, and the result could be used for developing semi-dwarf variety for direct seeding. In mapping QTLs using 164 M/G RILs, two QTLs related to the salt tolerance were mapped on chromosome 1 and 3. Three QTLs related to the viviparous trait were detected on chromosome 2 and 8, and explained 24.4% of the total phenotypic variance. The primary and secondary branch was detected two QTLs on chromosome 10 and 12, and six QTLs on chromosome 1, 3 and 4, and they explained for 12.62 and 46.93% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. In mapping QTLs tagged to leaf senescence, one QTL conferring the SPAD value at 50 days after heading was mapped on chromosome 1, and four QTLs conferring the L value at 10 days after heading were located on chromosome 1, 3 and 9, accounting for 35.82% of the total phenotypic variation. Two QTLs conferring the b value at 10 days after heading were located on chromosome 6 and 9. In development of the new RIL populations for useful genes, RIL populations for the salt tolerance and the viviparous germination tolerance were 471 lines of three crosses and 259 lines of two crosses, respectively. These RIL populations are important in developing the map-based cloning or marker-assisted selection, and the results may help to accelerate for the development of mid-parents and new varieties.
7. Development of rice cultivar producing herbicidal substances through multiple genes integration
Root exudates of Kouketsumochi had greater inhibitory effect on bamyardgrass than that of Lemont and environmental stresses such as UV, low- and high-temperature increased the inhibition regardless of rice lines. The water extract of K21 showed greater inhibitory effect on shoot and root growth of bamyardgrass than its female parent, but less than the male parent, Kouketsumochi. The activity of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H) in K21 was about 1.8-fold higher than that of the female parent, but significantly lower than that of the male parent. K21 can effectively control bamyardgrass when used with 3/4 rate of butachlor in the field and greenhouse, meaning that about 25% of herbicide can be reduced when K21 was planted. Dongjinbyeo was transformed by introducing CA4H gene and the activities of CA4H in the transformants were not significantly different with that in Dongjinbyeo.
8. Development of transgenic rice plants for resistance to stresses using genes related to fructan production
Fructan is a polysaccharide which have been synthesized in cool-season grasses. It has known that fructan has had several roles about to be osmotic materials, to decrease freezing point, and to protect cell membranes etc. This studies were conducted to develop new rice cultivars related to cold stress by using the genes of fructan synthesis. The genes of fructan biosynthesis of SST and FFT were cloned from the tubers of Jerusalerm artichoke. The KJGV-B2 vector that could be expressed under 35S promotor was constructed to transfer the genes of SST and FFT. The transgenic rice were cultured in vitro through Rice callus transformated by the agrobacterium strain LBA4404 which contain the KJGV-B2 vector including SST and FFT genes. PCR and southern blot analysis identified that SST and FFT genes were transformed into wild-type rices successfully. The transgenic homozygote plants of T2 - T3 generations were tested with RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR analysis. The transgenic plants expressed higher signal of fructan genes(1-SST, 1-FFT) increase the higher level of the fructan synthesis. Fructan contents were higher in 15°C than those in 30℃ at maximum tillering stage, but they were not clearly different at booting and heading stages. Comparing contents of fructan with different rice cultivars, SST transgenic rice was higher at 15℃ and 30℃ than those of wildtype Hwasinbyeo, but FFT transgenic rice was higher only 30℃ than those of wildtype Donganbyeo. Based on the results of TLC separation, all rice cultivars were detected relatively low DP 3-6 fructan. SST activities of rice cultivars at maximum tillering stage were generally higher in 15℃ than those in 30℃, however, they were not clearly different at booting and heading stages among three different temperatures. SST transgenic rices was higher SST activity than that of Hwasinbyeo, wildtype. Based on the separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE, the leaf blade had the most bands of proteins, while clum had the fewest bands. Their bands were shown more clearly in low temperature than those in high temperature. At maximum tillering stage, leaf sheath of transgenic rice had more protein bands than that of recommended rice, and 10~15 kDa protein bands of leaf sheath of FFT transgenic rice and Hwasinbyeo were darkened at 30℃. At booting stage, SST transgenic rice had more protein bands about 22 kDa than other recommended rices. At heading stage, proteins were separated in leaf blade at 10~15 kDa, in leaf sheath at 25~75 kDa, and in culm and panicle at 25~100 kDa. It was verified that it was difficult to find the subunits of FFT and SST proteins between transgenic rices and wildtypes related to fructan synthesis with only SDS-PAGE. Based on the results of Western blotting, the subunit of FFT protein was detected about 64 kDa in all tissues at maximum tillering stage. It was about 50 kDa in leaf blade, and about 64 kDa in leaf sheath, culm, and panicle at booting and heading stages. The subunit of FFT protein was detected about 25 kDa in leaf blade, and about 98 kDa in leaf sheath at maximum tillering stage. It was about 22 kDa in leaf blade, and from 64 to 98 kDa in leaf sheath, culm, and panicle at booting stage. At heading stage, it was about 22 kDa in leaf blade, and about 64 kDa in culm and panicle. Subunits of FFT and SST proteins were appeared differently in different plant tissues and different growth stages of rice cultivars.

목차 Contents

• 표지...1
• 제출문...3
• 요약문...5
• SUMMARY...15
• CONTENTs...23
• 목차...24
• 제 1 장. 서언...25
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황...29
• 제 3 장 연구 개발 수행 내용 및 결과...37
• 1. 기관 분화 및 잡종강세 관여 유전자 분리 및 기능 분석...37
• 제 1 절. 재료 및 방법...37
• 제 2 절. 결과 및 고찰...40
• 제 3 절. 적요...51
• 2. 벼 내병성 유전자원의 분리 및 기능분석...53
• 제 1 절. 재료 및 방법...53
• 제 2 절. 결과 및 고찰...60
• 제 3 절. 적요...82
• 3. 벼 내재해성 유전자 확보 및 기능규명...87
• 제 1 절. 재료 및 방법...87
• 제 2 절. 결과 및 고찰...88
• 제 3 절. 적요...89
• 4. M/G RIL을 이용한 품질 관여 유전자 분석...91
• 제 1 절. 재료 및 방법...91
• 제 2 절. 결과 및 고찰...94
• 제 3 절. 적요...120
• 5. 유용유전자 도입을 통한 벼 형질전환 개체 대량 육성...125
• 제 1 절. 재료 및 방법...125
• 제 2 절. 결과 및 고찰...128
• 제 3 절. 적요...134
• 6. 벼 유용 유전자 개발에 필요한 유전자원 선발 및 특성평가...135
• 제 1 절. 재료 및 방법...135
• 제 2 절. 결과 및 고찰...139
• 제 3 절. 적요...168
• 7. 다수유전자 도입을 통한 제초성 물질 자가생산 작물 개발...171
• 제 1 절. 재료 및 방법...171
• 제 2 절. 결과 및 고찰...186
• 제 3 절. 적요...220
• 8. Fructan 생산유전자를 이용한 스트레스 내성 형질전환 벼 개발...225
• 제 1 절. 재료 및 방법...225
• 제 2 절. 결과 및 고찰...235
• 제 3 절. 적요...276
• 제 4 장. 연구 목표 달성도 및 대외 기여도...279
• 제 5 장 연구결과 활용계획...283
• 제 6 장 기타 중요 변동사항...285
• 제 7 장. 참고문헌...287
• (부) 연구참여자 명단...307