[보고서]멸종위기 토종 파충류의 표준증식기술 개발 및 기초생태 연구

박대식

보고서 정보

주관연구기관

강원대학교 산학협력단
Kangwon National University

연구책임자

박대식

참여연구자

오홍식 , 민미숙 , 김영준 , 이정현 , 라남용 , 장민호 , 김병수 , 김자경 , 김일훈 , 김대인 , 김빛나 , 김태욱 , 박한찬 , 정아람 , 박수곤 , 구교성 , 이헌주

보고서유형

최종보고서

발행국가

대한민국

언어

한국어

발행년월

2011-08

과제시작연도

2010

주관부처

환경부

사업 관리 기관

한국환경산업기술원

등록번호

TRKO201200001761

과제고유번호

1485008482

DB 구축일자

2013-05-20

표 Fig. 1. Localities collected Elaphe schrenckii in South Korea from 2008 to 2010
표 Fig. 2. Localities collected Elaphe schrenckii in China and Russia from 2008 to 2010.
표 Fig. 3. Blood sampling from the tail of Elaphe schrenckii.
표 Fig. 4. Terminology of the scutellation features for Elaphe schrenckii.
표 Fig. 5. Number of scales in dorsal scale rows and a drawing of keeled scales. Modified after Schulz(1996).
표 Fig. 6. Distribution of Elaphe schrenckii schrenckii and E. schrenckii anomala in South Korea
표 Fig. 7. Haplotype sequence alignment of Cytochrome b gene of Elaphe schrenckii and their related species
표 Fig. 8. Neighbor joining tree of Cytochrome b gene, showing the phylogeneticr elationship between Elaphe schrenckii and their related species
표 Fig. 9. Haplotype sequence alignment of the COІ gene of Elaphe schrenckii and their related species
표 Fig. 10. Neighbor joining tree of COI gene, showing the phylogenetic relationship between Elaphe schrenckii and their related species
표 Fig. 11. Haplotype sequence alignment of the 12S rRNA gene of Elaphe schrenckii and their related species
표 Fig. 12. Neighbor joining tree of 12S rRNA gene, showing the phylogenetic relationship between Elaphe schrenckii and their related species
표 Fig. 13. Neighbor joining tree of Cytochrome b + COI + 12S rRNA genes, showing the phylogenetic relationship between Elaphe schrenckii and their related species
표 Fig. 14. A typical type of Elaphe schrenckii schrenckii and Elaphe schrenckii anomala
표 Fig. 15. Various morphological types of Elaphe schrenckii schrenckii from South Korea
표 Fig. 16. Various morphological types of Elaphe schrenckii anomala from South Korea
표 Fig. 17. Implantation of a Passive Integrated Transponder(PIT) tag.
표 Fig. 18. Radio-telemetry equipment.
표 Fig. 19. Implantation of a radio-transmitter in the abdominal cavity of Elaphe schrenckii.
표 Fig. 20. Monthly-moved distance of Elaphe schrenckii in Woraksan National Park
표 Fig. 21. Year-round home range of Elaphe schrenckii in Woraksan National Park
표 Fig. 22. Behavioral status of Elaphe schrenckii when re-located in Woraksan National Park. Sample sizes are shown above each bar
표 Fig. 23. Photographs showing the topography of the hibernacula of Elaphe schrenckii in Woraksan National Park
표 Fig. 24. Photographs showing the topography of the oviposition site of Elaphe schrenckii in Woraksan National Park
표 Fig. 25. Positions and group centroids of Male(1), Non-breeding female(2) and Breeding female(3) Elaphe schrenckii on the two significant function axes of the discriminant analysis.
표 Fig. 26. Positions and group centroids of Non-breeding season(1), Breeding season(2)and Hibernating period (3) of Elaphe schrenckii on the two significant function axes of the discriminant analysis.
표 Fig. 27. Egg incubation by Elaphe schrenckii(A) and hatching of the eggs(B).
표 Fig. 29. Pit tags and a syringe(A) and a pit tag reader(B).
표 Fig. 28. Indoor captive system(A) for Elaphe schrenckii and foraging a mouse by thes nake(B).
표 Fig. 30. Radio-transmitter inserted(A) and a radio-Receiver(B).
표 Fig. 31. Insertion of a radio transmitter into the abdominal cavity (A) and attaching a transmitter on the dorsal skin of Elaphe schrenckii(B).
표 Fig. 32. Facility for the soft-release of the captive-bred Elaphe schrenckii.
표 Fig. 33. Release site of the captive-bred Elaphe schrenckii and a photograph of the release(B).
표 Fig. 34. Sample data sheet for the microhabitat survey of the released Elaphe schrenckii.
표 Fig. 35. Ratsnakes found on a tree(A) and underground(B).
표 Fig. 36. Various habitats used by juvenile Elaphe schrenckii : mountain bed(A), shurb(B), tree(C) and stream bank(D).
표 Fig. 37. Typical movements of captive-bred juvenile Elaphe schrenckii released
표 Fig. 38. Daily traveled distance of captive-bred juvenile Elaphe schrenckii depending on air temperature and humidity
표 Fig. 39. Kernel 50% and 95% home range of juvenile Elaphe schrenckii
표 Fig. 40. Precipitation in the study site during 2010(A) and 2011(B) study period.
표 Fig. 41. Underground(A) and rock fence(B) shelters for captive-bred juvenile Elaphe schrenckii.
표 Fig. 42. Map showing the possibility of presence of Elaphe schrenckii in Woraksan National Park based on the habitat suitability model developed.
표 Fig. 43. Map showing the possibility of presence of Elaphe schrenckii in Korea National Arboretum based on the habitat suitability model developed.
표 Fig. 44. Study sites in Taean-gun.
표 Fig. 45. Comparison of the snout - vent length(SVL), head width and head length of female(black bar) and male(white bar) Eremias argus
표 Fig. 47. Growth curve of a Eremias argus population; female(dotted line, open circle) and male(solid line, closed circle).
표 Fig. 46. Cross-section of the phalange of 6 years old male Eremias argus. Arrows indicate the line of arrested growth(LAG).
표 Fig. 48. Study site in Tae-an(A), a cloaca of female Eremias argus(B), a cloaca of male Eremias argus(C), breeding the Eremias argus(D)
표 Fig. 49. Mating on record of Eremias argus.
표 Fig. 50. Cloacal contact(A), initial mating bite(B).
표 Fig. 51. Precopulatory bite(A), copulatory bite(B).
표 Fig. 53. Postcopulatory bite(A), female release bite(B).
표 Fig. 52. Copulation(A), terminating copulation(B).
표 Fig. 54. Site of study in Tae-an.
표 Fig. 55. Egg laying box in laboratory(A), Egg laying box in field(B).
표 Fig. 56. Common used incubator(A), Hand made incubator(B).
표 Fig. 57. Measurement egg-laying depth in laboratory(A) Measurement egg-laying depth in field(B).
표 Fig. 58. Map of collection localities of Eremias argus.
표 Fig. 59. Map of distribution of the three haplotypes of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Eremias argus from Korea.
표 Fig. 61. Phylogenetic relationships of haplotypes of Eremias argus and related species mtDNA cyt b gene, constructed by the NJ method.
표 Fig. 63. Map of distribution of the five haplotypes of mitochondrial COI gene of Eremias argus from Korea.
표 Fig. 64. Phylogenetic relationships of haplotypes of Eremias argus and related species mtDNA COI gene, constructed by the NJ method
표 Fig. 65. The Principal Coordinates Analysis(PCA) among populations of Eremias argus.
표 Fig. 66. Population structure of Korean Eremias argus by STRUCTURE program(k=2).
표 Fig. 67. K-estimation(x-axis : K, y-axis : LnP(D))
표 Fig. 68. K-estimation by Evanno et al.(2005)(x-axis : K)
표 Fig. 69. Population structure of Korean Eremias argus by STRUCTURE program(k=7).
표 Fig. 70. An aerial view of the study site(A). Photographs of study site A(B) and site B(C).
표 Fig. 71. Application of a harness transmitter on Jacky dragons(Amphibolurus muricatus, A, B) and a male Eremias argus fitted with a harness transmitter(C).
표 Fig. 72. Mean traveled distance daily(A) of Eremias argus based on air temperature and precipitation(B) and relative humidity(C).
표 Fig. 73. Comparison of the mean traveled distance daily(A) and 95% kernel home range size(B) between breeding season and non-breeding season
표 Fig. 74. Confirmed locations of 11 lizards in the study site A(A) and 40 lizards in the study site B(B).
표 Fig. 75. Movements of male(blue) and female(red) Eremias argus in the study site A(A) and site B(B).
표 Fig. 76. Behavioral status of Eremias argus in the habitat during breeding and non-breeding season.
표 Fig. 77. Activity of Eremias argus during a day at breeding(A) and non-breeding season(B).
표 Fig. 78. Study sites along the coastal line(A) and detail study sites in Taean - gun, Chungnam(B).
표 Fig. 79. Sites where Eremias argus were present(A, B, C, D, E) and absent(F).
표 Fig. 80. Study sites of Eremias argus in inland area.
표 Fig. 81. Typical habitats of Eremias argus in inland areas
표 Fig. 82. Inner(black rectangles) and outer(black circle) study sites of the Mongolian racerunner(Eremias argus) in Taean penninsula.
표 Fig. 83. Presence and absence study sites of the Mongolian racerunner(Eremias argus) in Taean penninsula, Chungnam.
표 Fig. 84. Comparison of AOG(A), SOS(B), DTST(C), and DTG(D) variables based on the presence and absence of the Mongolian racerunner(Eremias argus).
표 Fig 85. Presence and absence survey sites of the Mongolian racerunner(Eremias argus) in Korean inlands.
표 Fig. 86. Comparison of DTS(A), ELE(B), DTG(C), and DTBG(D) variables based on the presence and absence of the Mongolian racerunner(Eremias argus).
표 Fig. 87. Four sections where periodically surveyed for the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 88. Survey data sheet for the Bibari snake (Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 89. A map showing the collected sites of Bibari-snake (Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 90. Altitude distribution diagramed of the locations where the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) collected.
표 Fig. 91. Head parameters measured in the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 92. The cast-off skin of the Bibari snake (Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 93. Gene map and sequencing strategy for the mitochondrial DNA of the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 94. NJ tree of the mitochondrial genom of the Bibari snake (Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 95. MP tree of the mitochondrial genom of the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 96. ML tree of the mitochondrial genom of the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 97. NJ tree of the CYTB among the population of the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) in Jeju island.
표 Fig. 98. A map showing the our study site(A) the view of our study site(B).
표 Fig. 99. Radio transmitter tagging method(A). Attaching a small-sized radio transmitter(B), a photograph of Sibynophis chinensis attached a small-sized radio transmitter.
표 Fig. 100. Radio transmitter method(A), the portable antenna and transmitter(B).
표 Fig. 101. Traveled distance daily(A) of Sibynophis chinensis based on air temperature(B) and relative humidity(C).
표 Fig. 102. Relationships between movement distance and climate in Bibari-snake(Sibynophis chinensis). Temperature(A) and precipitation(B).
표 Fig. 103. Home rage of Sibynophis chinensis in Jeju-si. MCP method(A) and Kernel method(B).
표 Fig. 104. Habitat type where the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) found.
표 Fig. 105. Representative photographs of the habitats where the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis)found: grass land(A), grass land adjoined to a road(B), near graves(C), and public cemetery(D).
표 Fig. 106. Map showing the possibility of presence of the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) in Jeju national University(A) and in Gum-oreum(B) based on the habitat suitability model developed.
표 Fig. 107. Blueprint of a captive breeding facility for Elaphe schrenckii in Chiaksan national park.
표 Fig. 108. Roof(A) and wall(B) of the ratsnake captive breeding outdoor facility.
표 Fig. 109. Outdoor ground(A), indoor shelter(B), doorway between the ground and shelter(C), and materials provided in the indoor shelter(D).
표 Fig. 110. Indoor captive system for the juvenile(A) and adult(B) Elaphe schrenckii.
표 Fig. 111. Containers for mating(A) and egg laying place inside the main container(B).
표 Fig. 112. Mating of the Amur ratsnake(Elaphe schrenckii).
표 Fig. 113. Egg incubation(A) by the Amur ratsnake(Elaphe schrenckii) and the eggs placed for artificial incubation(B).
표 Fig. 114. Manufactured styrofoam incubator(A) and egg hatching(B).
표 Fig. 115. Growth of juvenile Elaphe schrenckii hatched in 2009(2009. 08 - 2011.07).
표 Fig. 116. Growth of juvenile Elaphe schrenckii hatched in 2010(2010. 10 - 2011.08).
표 Fig. 117. Hibernaculum container(A) and rapping the container during the winter(B).
표 Fig. 118. Environmental facility for hibernation(A) and air-conditioning system in the facility(B).
표 Fig. 119. Air temperature and humidity variations inside the facility during the hibernation period.
표 Fig. 120. Outdoor hibernacula(A) and moving a snake into the hibernacula(B).
표 Fig. 121. Schematic diagram of the outdoor hibernacula
표 Fig. 122. Air temperature variation inside and outside outdoor hibernacula during the hibernation period.
표 Fig. 123. Toe clipping method.
표 Fig. 124. Indoor captive facility(A) and inside of each captive cage(B).
표 Fig. 125. Outdoor captive facility(A) and inside of the cage(B).
표 Fig. 126. Preys for Eremias argus: crickets(A) and mealworms(B).
표 Fig. 127. Eggs of Eremias argus deposited in the sands
표 Fig. 128. A commercial incubator(A), placing eggs for incubation(B), eggs of Eremias argus(C), and an egg just before hatching(D).
표 Fig. 130. Manufactured styrofoam incubator(A) and the commercial incubator(B).
표 Fig. 129. Experimental cages for egg laying in laboratory(A) and at the field(B).
표 Fig. 131. Manufactured hibernacula for the Mongolian racerunner(Eremias argus).
표 Fig. 133. Controlled transitions of air temperature and humidity in the hibernation container during the hibernation period between 11 Nov 2010 and 27 Mar 2011.
표 Fig. 132. Hibernation facility: environmental container(A), cooling system(B), heating system(C) and temperature sensor(D)
표 Fig. 134. A egg rotten during incubation(A) and an unfertilized egg(B).
표 Fig. 135. Changes in the snout - vent length, head length, head width and body weight of juvenile Eremias argus in the early stages of life in 2009.
표 Fig. 136. An egg 1 week after laying(A) and the egg after 35 days incubation, just before hatching(B).
표 Fig. 137. A juvenile 1 week after hatching(A) and a juvenile 10 months after hatching.
표 Fig. 138. Changes in the SVL(Snout-vent Length), HL(Head length), HW(Head width), BW(Body weight) of juvenile Eremias argus in the early stages of life from 2010 to 2011.
표 Fig. 139. Initial captive rearing facility of the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) set up in the laboratory.
표 Fig. 140. First modified captive rearing facility of Sibynophis chinensis set up in the laboratory: glass cage(A), reptile heat lamp(B), thermo-regulator(C), petridish(D) and stones(E).
표 Fig. 141. Second modified captive rearing facility of the Bibari snake (Sibynophis chinensis) set up in the laboratory: a plastic cage(A), holes on the wall of the cage for efficient air circulation(B), and several natural materials given inside of the cage for hiding and humidity controls(C).
표 Fig. 142. Change of mass of the Bibari snake (Sibynophis chinensis) captured in 2009.
표 Fig. 143. Change of mass of the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) captured in 2010.
표 Fig. 144. Gurgitating a prey by a palpatiol method.
표 Fig. 145. Foraging Takydromus wolteri by the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) in the wild.
표 Fig. 146. Takydormus wolteri and Amphiesma vibakari ruthveni confirmed as preys of the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) using a palpatiol method.
표 Fig. 147. Identification of the scalses of Scincella vandenburghi in the stomach of a Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis) road-killed sing stomach washing and tail scales of S. vandenburghi.
표 Fig. 148. Earth-worms identified as a prey of Amphiesma vibakari ruthveni by the palpatiol method.
표 Fig. 149. Suitable animals as preys for the Bibari snake(Sibynophis chinensis).
표 Fig. 150. Abscess found in coelomic cavity by infection at the posterior part of anus of Eremias argus.
표 Fig. 151. Caseous abscess mass found in peritoneum and necrotic part and penetrating wound just caudal part of anus of Eremias argus.
표 Fig. 152. One of the postmortem result of the Amur ratsnake (Elaphe schrenckii).
표 Fig. 154. Healthy adult Mongolian racerunner(A), Ill adult Mongolian racerunner (B), Illjuvenile Mongolian racerunner(C).
표 Fig. 153. Typical eye edema, swollen eyelid and prominent symptom shown in Vit A deficiency in Eremias argus.
표 Fig. 155. Severely dehydrated Mongolian racerunner(A). Note the skin folds Rehydration with fluids therapy(B). Fluids administration through subcutaneous injection(C). Oral administration of essential nutrients(D).
표 Fig. 156. A: Supplemental nutrient food and multi vitamins, B: Oral administration of supplemental nutrient.
표 Fig. 157. Mongolian racerunner abnormal individual(A), recovered individual after 2 weeks(B).
표 Fig. 158. Mongolian racerunner with dystocia
표 Fig. 159. Removal of first egg(A) and stitching skins after all eggs removed(B).
표 Fig. 160. Hemorrhagic exudate found in Ratsnake's trachea(A), hemorrhagic exudate retention in Ratsnake's air sac.(B), and trachea and lung of Rat snake. Generally edematous lung and it is filled with hemorrhagic exudate completely (C).
표 Fig. 161. Kidney tissue, Ratsnake X100(A) and Kidney tissue, Ratsnake X400 Vacuolation is found in the tubule cytoplasm. No specific sign was found in the glomerulus part(B).
표 Fig. 162. Lung tissue, Ratsnake X100(A) and lung tissue, Ratsnake X400. No any specific lesion or changes were noticed No any infiltration of inflammatory cells(B).
표 Fig. 163. Heart tissue, Ratsnake X100(A) and heart tissue, Ratsnake X400. No any infiltration of inflammatory cells No any specific lesion of changes on heart tissue of endocardiac cells(B).
표 Fig. 164. Diagnostic radiograph of dead ratsnake. Exact location of shape of each organs due to the postmortem change but significant soft tissue and muscle loss were confirmed. It might have the anorexia symptom. Note the Radio transmitter and PIT tag.
표 Fig. 165. A species of nematode found during postmortem of Mongolian racerunner.
표 Fig. 166. Bloody diarrhea and small nematode spp. collected through the cloacal washing from Mongolian racerunner.
표 Fig. 167. Skrjabinelazia spp. Female from Eremias argus
표 Fig. 169. Embryonated eggs.
표 Fig. 168. Anterior part: Esophagus(A). Vulva opening(B). End of esophagus(C).
표 Fig. 171. Hexametra worms: total four worms were found. Male(blue arrow).
표 Fig. 170. Mouth part: leaflet crown.
표 Fig. 172. Number of lips: Well developed 3 lips which is Ascarida's character
표 Fig. 174. Shape of the lips: One of the lips, The angle of lip is almost a quadrangle and it is not clear between frontal and posterial part of the lip.
표 Fig. 173. Number of branches: 6 branches of salpinx were identified in horizontal section of the parasite's caudal part. The salpinx was filled with eggs. These are one of major characteristics of Hexametra spp.
표 Fig. 175. Egg size: The size are around 60-70 X 75-85 μm.
표 Fig. 176. Ixodes nipponensis larvae on the Mongolian racerunner(Eremias argus, A) and I. nipponensis nymph on the white-striped grass lizard (Takydromus wolteri, B).
표 Fig. 177. Dorsal and ventral views of a typical larva(A, C) and nymph(B, D) of Ixodes nipponensis collected from the Mongolian racerunner(Eremias argus) and the white-striped grass lizard(Takydromus wolteri), respectively.
표 Fig. 178. Classification keys for larval Ixodes nipponensis are indicated by the following arrows
표 Fig. 179. Classification keys for nymphal Ixodes nipponensis are indicated by the following arrows

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멸종위기 토종 파충류의 표준증식기술 개발 및 기초생태 연구
Developing Standard Rearing Protocols of Endangered Endemic Reptiles and the Study of their Basic Ecology 원문보기

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멸종위기 토종 파충류의 표준증식기술 개발 및 기초생태 연구 Developing Standard Rearing Protocols of Endangered Endemic Reptiles and the Study of their Basic Ecology 원문보기

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