보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립농업과학원 National Institute of Agricultural Sciences |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2013-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2012 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
과제관리전문기관 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration |
등록번호 |
TRKO201300014001 |
과제고유번호 |
1395027343 |
사업명 |
국책기술개발 |
DB 구축일자 |
2013-12-21
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201300014001 |
초록
▼
○ 벼 논에서 메탄 배출계수 개발 및 배출량 평가
- 유기물 시용 유무에 따른 메탄 기본 배출계수 및 벼 작기 중 물 관리 방법 (1주 낙수, 2주 낙수, 3주 낙수 및 간단관개)에 따른 국가 고유의 메탄 배출계수 개발
- 유기물 시용량(볏짚 0, 3, 5, 7 톤 ha-1) 및 시용 시기(봄, 가을)에 따른 국가 고유의 메탄 배출계수 개발
- 작기 전 물 관리 방법(작기 전 담수 30일 이상, 작기 전 비담수 180일 미만, 작기 전 비담수 180일 이상)에 따른 국가 고유의 메탄 배출계수 개발
○ 벼 논에서 메탄 배출계수 개발 및 배출량 평가
- 유기물 시용 유무에 따른 메탄 기본 배출계수 및 벼 작기 중 물 관리 방법 (1주 낙수, 2주 낙수, 3주 낙수 및 간단관개)에 따른 국가 고유의 메탄 배출계수 개발
- 유기물 시용량(볏짚 0, 3, 5, 7 톤 ha-1) 및 시용 시기(봄, 가을)에 따른 국가 고유의 메탄 배출계수 개발
- 작기 전 물 관리 방법(작기 전 담수 30일 이상, 작기 전 비담수 180일 미만, 작기 전 비담수 180일 이상)에 따른 국가 고유의 메탄 배출계수 개발
- 작물잔사 소각에 따른 온실가스 배출계수(CH4, CO2, N2O) 개발
· 작물잔사 소각에 따른 온실가스 배출지수 및 연소효율 분석
· 작물잔사 발생량 및 수확지수 조사
- 품종별(조생종) 국가 고유의 메탄 배출계수 개발
· 오대벼, 운광벼, 태봉벼, 상주찰벼, 삼광벼, 새추청벼
- 품종별(중만생종) 국가 고유의 메탄 배출계수 개발
· 추청벼, 동진벼, 일미벼, 주남벼, 남평벼, 삼광벼, 오대벼, 운광벼
○ 활동량 조사체계 구축
- 고유 배출계수 적용을 위한 통계자료 수집 절차 구축
Abstract
▼
Rice paddies are considered an important contributor for increasing the concentration of CH4 in the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was development of country specific emission factors for the water management methods during rice cultivation, four different water regimes prior to ri
Rice paddies are considered an important contributor for increasing the concentration of CH4 in the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was development of country specific emission factors for the water management methods during rice cultivation, four different water regimes prior to rice cultivation, organic matter sources and application, and rice cultivars in rice paddy fields and evelopment of emission efficiency and combustion efficiency of crop residue biomass burning by combustion experiment, and estimating national scale emission amount of GHGs from crop residue biomass burning according to IPCC 2006 Guidelines.
The total CH4 emissions under water management during rice cultivation were as low as 8,040 mg m-2 yr-1 using intermittent treatment and as high as 14,861 using the one-week drainage treatment. The average CH4 emission factors were 1.10 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 for one-week drainage, 1.07 for two-week drainage, 0.69 for three-week drainage and 0.59 for intermittent. There were no significant differences between the one-week drainage and two-week drainage.
RS7(Rice Straw 7 Mg ha-1) treatment showed highest methane emission on middle of June and late of August and dropped drastically thereafter. RS5(Rice Straw 5 Mg ha-1) plot showed a similar trend as a lower rate than RS7 plot. RS3(Rice Straw 3 Mg ha-1) plot showed a similar trend as a lower rate than RS5 plot. The lowest rate of methane emission was shown in the NPK plot. It was found that incorporation of rice straw 3, 5, 7 Mg ha-1 increased methane emission by 32, 77, 157%, respectively, compared to that of the NPK plot. RS5 treatment of spring plowing showed more methane emission by 36% than of autumn plowing. And continuously flooded RS0(Rice Straw 0 Mg ha-1) increased methane emission by 40% than of 3weeks aeration. The average methane emission fluxs were 2.63 kg ha-1 day-1 in RS3, 3.60 in RS5, 5.21 in RS7 and 2.03 in baseline emission factor.
An amount of methane emission of organic cultivation was more than that of convention. An amount of methane emission when input barley straw and barley plant into at paddy field was more than that of any other organic matter treatment. When applied rice straw and milk vetch at paddy field, an amount of methane emission less than that of any other treatment. To reduce an amount of methane emission when rice is cultivated organically, Farmer should return to paddy cut rice straw when harvest rice or use milk vetch as organic matter source. Annual CO2-eq was from 3,670 to 5,208 kg ha-1 yr-1. An amount of nitrous oxide emission of while rice was not cultivated at paddy field was more than that of while rice was cultivated. It was quite a little.
The average methane emission fluxes during rice cultivation in four different water regimes prior to rice cultivation were 5.50 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 in Flooded pre-season > 30 days, 4.91 in non-flooded pre-season < 180 days, 4.17 in non-flooded pre-season > 180 days and 3.91 in baseline emission factor.
Emission efficiency for crop residue burning were showed CH4 2.03~4.17 g kg-1, CO2 1,015~1,361 g kg-1, N2O 0.07~0.18 g kg-1, CO 57.4~78.7 g kg-1. According to crops, emission efficiency of CH4 were higher in soybean, sesame and perilla residue burning. The biggest emission amounts from biomass burning was showed soybean residue, that was CH4 186, CO 3,431, N2O 8.1 ton, and amount of CO2 was the same order. And the orders of emission amount from residue burning were pepper, sesame rice, and naked barley as followed. In case of barley straw residue burning, the emission amount was not big among estimated crops, but the gases would effect quit a lot on human and livestock because the burning period is very narrow in early July.
The total methane emissions from different cultivars was higher in medium-maturing cultivar than in early- maturing cultivar, When seen by cultivar, Sangjuchalbyeo was the highest of 7.64 kg ha-1 day among the early-maturing cultivar, and Unkangbyeo, Odaebyeo, Taebongbyeo tended to be low. The Saechucheongbyeo was the highest of 19.82 kg ha-1 day among medium -maturing cultivar while it was a 8.16 kg ha-1 day in Samgwangbyeo. The daily emissions of methane was lower in early-maturing cultivar than medium-maturing cultivar. It was similar with the total methane emissions when seen by cultivar.
CH4 flux from Medium-late maturing cultivars may significantly differ among rice cultivars, since each rice cultivar has different physiological and anatomical characteristics and may affect differently the microbial abundance involved in the CH4 dynamics in paddy soils. In particular, selection of early-maturing cultivar with short flooded days (97 days flooding of 111 cultivation days) could be a good countermeasure to decrease CH4 emission from paddy field, instead of a late-maturing cultivar (121 flooding days of 135 cultivation days). In our results, rice grain yield was significantly different among the cultivars, but not between the late- and early-maturing groups. Mean CH4 emission rates (1.37– 2.48 kg CH4-C ha-1 day-1) and total CH4 fluxes (178– 335 kg CH4-C ha-1) significantly varied among the cultivars (P<0.05). However, the decrease of flooding days for ca. 24 days by selecting the early-maturing cultivars was not effective on decreasing total CH4 fluxes, since CH4 emission rates at ripening stage were very low and then scarcely affect total CH4 flux in the late-maturing group. Methane fluxes had highly positive and negative correlation with methanogens and methanotrophs abundances, respectively (P<0.05), but not with any of the apparent plant growth parameters, suggesting that CH4 emission may be directly affected by the substrate-producing potential and gas transport capacity of each cultivar rather than the external plant growth variables. Conclusively, the selection and development of a cultivar having a lower CH4 flux and higher productivity could be a good countermeasure to decrease CH4 impact from rice paddy soil, rather than selecting a short-term cultivar.
목차 Contents
- 표지 ... 1
- 제출문 ... 3
- 요약문 ... 5
- SUMMARY(영문요약문) ... 7
- 목차 ... 9
- 제1장 서 론 ... 10
- 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 12
- 제1절 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 12
- 제2절 국외 기술개발 현황 ... 13
- 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 15
- 제1절 작기 중 물 관리 방법에 따른 CH4 배출계수 ... 15
- 제2절 유기물 시용량에 따른 벼논 CH4 배출계수 ... 22
- 제3절 작기 중 물 관리 방법에 따른 CH4 배출계수 ... 29
- 제4절 작기 전 담수일 별 CH4 배출계수 ... 38
- 제5절 잔사소각에 의한 온실가스 배출계수 ... 44
- 제6절 벼 품종(조생종)에 따른 CH4 배출계수 ... 53
- 제7절 벼 품종(중만생종)에 따른 CH4 배출계수 ... 58
- 제4장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 69
- 1절 : 목표대비 달성도 ... 69
- 2절 : 정량적 성과 ... 70
- 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 75
- 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 76
- 제7장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 77
- 제8장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 81
- 제9장 참고문헌 ... 82
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