초록

Abstract ▼

1. Research Purpose
- Justify why this research is new and important
- Expected impact of research results
Fresh water is essential for the health of all life and environment on the earth. Especially for human beings, supply of fresh water is closely related to sustaining economic developme

1. Research Purpose
- Justify why this research is new and important
- Expected impact of research results
Fresh water is essential for the health of all life and environment on the earth. Especially for human beings, supply of fresh water is closely related to sustaining economic development. Unfortunately, many populations of the world are suffering from a serious shortage of fresh water and the numbers will increase if water supply cannot meet the population growth. Water is everywhere, but not all of it is fresh. 70.9% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water and 96.5% of the Earth’s water exists in oceans. Only 2.5% of the Earth’s water is fresh water and 98.8% of that water exists in the form of ice and groundwater.
Desalination is a process which converts abundant seawater into fresh water by removing salt and other minerals using certain amount of energy. The selection of desalination process generally depends on various factors such as the relative economic values and performance and applicability of technologies. The major technology in use and being built today is reverse osmosis (RO) driven by electric pumps which pressurize water and force it through a membrane against its osmotic pressure reaching about 27 bar. A thermal process, multi-stage flash (MSF) distillation process using steam, was earlier prominent and it is capable of using waste heat from power plants. With brackish water, RO is much more cost-effective, though MSF gives purer water than RO. A minority of plants use multi-effect distillation (MED) or multieffect vapor compression (MVC) or a combination of these. MSF-RO hybrid plants exploit the best features of each technology for different quality products.

목차 Contents

• 2011 Int’l Joint Research Project Final Report ... 1
• 1. Research Purpose ... 5
• 2. Research Target Using Progress Chart ... 8
• ▷ Development of a nuclear desalination system equipped with highly passive safety features ... 8
• ▷ Literature review ... 10
• ▷ Preliminary analysis ... 10
• 3. Research Method ... 13
• ▷ Literature review ... 13
• ▷ Preliminary analysis (Economic evaluation) ... 13
• ▷ Enhancement of passive safety system of SMART ... 14
• ▷ Design of dedicated nuclear desalination system (watercooled and heat only) ... 14
• ▷ Design of dedicated nuclear desalination system (gascooled and cogeneration) ... 15
• ▷ Materials study for dedicated nuclear desalination system ... 15
• 4. Research Results ... 17
• (1) Research achievements(Including its actual impacts on the UAE, the Middle East and the world) ... 17
• (2) Further research required ... 17
• A. Current Status and Prediction of UAE Desalination ... 18
• B. Economic Evaluation of Nuclear Desalination Systems ... 23
• C. Design of Dedicated Nuclear Desalination System (Water-cooled and Heat Only) - Low pressure Inherent heat sink Nuclear Desalination plant: LIND project ... 26
• D. Design of Dedicated Nuclear Desalination System (Gas-cooled and Cogeneration) ... 28
• E. Enhancement of Passive Safety System of SMART ... 31
• F. Materials Study for Dedicated Nuclear System ... 33
• 5. Appendix ... 37
• A. Economic Evaluation of Nuclear Desalination Systems ... 38
• 1) IAEA DEEP code ... 38
• 2) Economic Evaluation ... 39
• 3) Case specification ... 40
• 4) Selected DEEP Parameters ... 40
• 5) Water Cost Comparison ... 44
• 6) Conclusions ... 50
• B. Design of Dedicated Nuclear Desalination System (Water-cooled and Heat Only) - Low pressure Inherent heat sink Nuclear Desalination plant: LIND project ... 51
• 1) Design requirements ... 51
• 2) Scoping analysis results ... 52
• 3) Further research required ... 61
• C. Design of Dedicated Nuclear Desalination System (Gas-cooled and Cogeneration) ... 62
• 1) Primary System Energy Analysis for Gas Cooled Type Option ... 62
• 2) Heat Transfer And Pressure Drop Analysis for Gas Cooled Type Option ... 66
• 3) Reactor Core Design and Analysis ... 71
• D. Enhancement of Passive Safety System of SMART ... 77
• 1) Safety systems of Small modular reactors ... 77
• 2) Proposal of integrated passive safety system for SMART ... 83
• E. Materials Study for Dedicated Nuclear System ... 89
• 1) Electrochemical Behaviors and Pitting Susceptibilities of Candidate Materials for Nuclear-Desalination Plants ... 89
• 2) Development and Evaluation of SiC coating Technology for Nuclear Fuel Cladding ... 98