초록

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 한국형 비식용 다년생 작물(억새)의 당화 기술개발 및 최적 조건 설정
○ 한국형 비식용 다년생 작물(억새류)의 발효액 특성 분석 및 Bench Scale 증류기 설계/ 제작
○ 당화/발효기 제작 및 반복유가식 당화/발효 기술개발
○ Bench Scale 증류기 시운전 및 증류 기술개발
○ 동시당화발효기술개발 및 최적 조건 설정
○ Bench Scale 탈수 Plant 연계 증류/탈수기술개발

Abstract ▼

The combustion of fossil fuels has contributed significantly to the increase dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the atmosphere. Thus, the Kyoto Protocol of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change promotes the use of the CO₂ neutral energy to decrease CO₂ in the

The combustion of fossil fuels has contributed significantly to the increase dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the atmosphere. Thus, the Kyoto Protocol of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change promotes the use of the CO₂ neutral energy to decrease CO₂ in the atmosphere. Interest in bioenergy derived from plants such as sweet sorghum, switchgrass, and Miscanthus has increased in recent years. Especially, Miscanthus is referred to as an ideal lignocellulosic bioenergy crop, which can be used to generate heat, powere and fuel as well as reduce CO₂ emissions. The purpose of this study is to select the most high-yielding ligonocellulosic bioenergy crops that have been well adapted to the climate and soil conditions in Korea. Total rhizomes of bioenergy crops where collected from all over the country are 1,282 genotypes, and all of them planted at experimental plot to investigated the morphological properties in Bioenergy Crop Research Center. The results of soil properties analysis from rhizosphere soil suggested that preference and range of soil nutrients to which the Miscanthus could adapt may be wide ranging. A new Miscanthus sacchariflorus genotype named Geodae-Uksae1 was recently collected from damp land in southern Korea. The biomass of Geodae-Uksae 1 plant seemed to higher than that of normal Miscanthus species. We confirmed that the genotypes within Geodae-Uksae 1 were had the higher genetic similarity than normal Miscanthus species.
the SCAR primer designed based on the unique RAPD amplicon. The SCAR primers produced a specific 1,799-bp amplicon in authentic Geodae-Uksae 1, whereas no amplification was observed in other Miscanthus species. Cytological properties were investigated to examine genetic diversity of Korean Miscanthus species. The results of investigation of nuclear DNA content, nuclear DNA content of Miscanthus species were positively correlated to stomal, glume, callus hair and awn size.
Miscanthus is superior to other energy crops in resistance to poor environments including cold, saline and damp soil, nitrogen utilization efficiency, budget of input energy and carbon which are required for producing biomass and output which are stored in biomass. This study was conducted to develop superior cultivar for biomass prodcution, and also search some clues for sustainable growing method and post harvest management system in miscanthus. In this study, we had developed new variety ‘Goedae1’ and ‘Wooram’ for biomass prodcution, and new propagation technology the ‘stem cutting method’.
Miscanthus and Reed, a large perennial wetland grass, are receiving considerable attention as potential and dedicated bio-energy crops because of their ability to produce very high yields of biomass up to 45 Mg ha^-1yr^-1. So far, Barely Yellow Dwarf Luteovirus and Pythium phragmitis have been reported to cause diseases on Miscanthus spp. and reed, but bacterial diseases were not known on Miscanthus and reed. Therefore, it is required to survey potential threat of bacterial pathogens and establish control models of bacterial diseases on Miscanthus and reed for biomass utilization. Thirteen Miscanthus and reed samples were obtained from spontaneous lands located in Hampyeong, Jeju, Jeongseon, Jipyeong, Muan, and Yeoju in Korea. Fifty eight strains were isolated from necrotic lesions of Miscanthus and reed. On the basis of partial or full 16S rDNA sequencing, 58 isolates were divided into three taxonomical categories: Actinobacteria (18 strains, 32%), Firmicutes (13 strains, 23%), and Proteobacteria (27 strains, 45%). Among Actinobacteria, 6 strains which formed brilliant-yellow-colored colonies showed 99.1-100% 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. In Firmicutes, most strains showed cream to light-yellow colored colonies which designated to Bacillus spp. Five strains with pink-colored colonies belonged to the genus Metylobacterium in α-Proteobacteria and 9 light- to strong-yellow colored colonies were identified to Pseudomonas spp. in γ-Proteobacteria. Healthy Miscanthus and reed plants were artificially infected with the representative strains we isolated. Some strains caused necrotic lesions on the inoculation sites and the symptoms were similar to the symptoms observed previously. Bacterial pathogens were re-isolated from necrotic lesions and were compared to original isolates on the basis of the cultural characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. In this study, we identified 9 bacterial pathogens from necrotic lesions of Miscanthus and reed in Kore. The bacterial pathogens are Paenibacillus xylanexedens JSM-02 (KCCM 42981), Methylobacterium aminovorans MWM-04 (KCCM 42985), Pantoea ananatis MDM-01 (KCCM 42979), Pseudomonas lurida MDM-03 (KCCM 42980), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans JSM-07 (KCCM 42984), Pseudomonas rhodesiae YLR-02 (KCCM 42987), Enterobacter ludwigii LHR-02 (KCCM 42986), Cutobacterium flaccumfaciens JSM-04 (KCCM 42982) and Plantibacter flavus JSM-06 (KCCM 42983). These strains will provide important information on bacterial diseases of Miscanthus and reed valuable for biomass utilization.
Leaf spot or blight symptoms on leaves of Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sinensis, M. sacchariflorus, and Miscanthus sp. were observed in Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Seoul, and Jeolla province, and at Miscanthus nursery field of ‘Bioenergy Crops Research Center’ in Muan-gun, Jeolla province in 2010-2011. Three isolates (P1, P2 and P3) were isolated from the infected leaves and identified as Pestalotiopsis species based on the morphological characteristics. P1, P3 isolates were identified as Pestalotiopsis microspora, and P2 isolate was identified as P. neglecta based on the morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS region sequence analysis. Pathogenicity test agar pieces and inoculation by spraying with conidia suspension of P. microspora and P. glecta were conducted on wounded and unwounded leaves of M. sinensis, M. sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sp.. As a result, nothing or small spots of 1 ㎜ diameter appeared on not wounded leaves, and small dark brown and black leaf spots of 2-5 ㎜ diameter appeared on wounded leaves.
Thus, wound is confirmed to be the important factor in leaf spot caused by P. microspora and P. neglecta.
Also, this study was to investigate the virus diseases in order to establish the evaluating protocol and standard disease assessment for Miscantus spp. in Korea. The incidence of Miscantus spp. diseases was showed a tendency to increase every year. The virus from collected 56 samples was not found by PCR analysis using Miscantus infecting viruses specific primers in two fields (Kangwon and Jonnam province). There was no appearance of viral diseases by RT-PCR assay. Overall, The incidence of viral diseases did not show any characteristic symptoms on the Miscantus spp. of tested fields during 3 years in Korea. In addition, a Miscantus-infecting viruses monitoring system was constructed. This should offer the possibility to screen faster, earlier and more efficiently diagnosis of Miscantus spp. plants for viral diseases.
Overcoming the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is the main issue in the production of bioethanol. Thus, in this study optimal conditions for pretreatment of Miscanthus were investigated. Chemical pretreatment using weak alkaline or/and weak acid were mainly studied for separation of cellulose from biomass complex.
Alkaline treatment using NaOH followed by acidic treatment using H2SO4 assured higher cellulose acquisition from Miscanthus biomass in comparison with independent alkaline or acid treatment. Optimal range of pretreatment were temperature at 150-170℃, time for 10-20 mins, and 1.0-1.5% solution concentration and 97.4% sugar were converted from pretreated hydrolysate of Miscanthus. Finally, 93.5% of ethanol yield were obtained by yeast fermetation.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 4
• 목차 ... 7
• 제 1 장 서 론 ... 8
• 제1절 바이오매스용 작물개발 ... 8
• 제2절 억새 재배기술 및 수확시기 구명 ... 9
• 제3절 다년생 원료작물의 전처리조건 및 생산공정 개발 ... 9
• 제4절 다년생 원료작물 병해발생 ... 10
• 제5절 다년생 비식용작물활용 바이오연료화 ... 11
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 13
• 제1절 바이오매스용 작물개발 ... 13
• 제2절 억새 재배기술 및 수확시기 구명 ... 13
• 제3절 다년생 원료작물의 전처리조건 및 생산공정 개발 ... 14
• 제4절 다년생 원료작물 병해발생 ... 14
• 제5절 다년생 비식용작물활용 바이오연료화 ... 15
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 20
• 제1절 바이오매스용 작물개발 ... 20
• 제2절 억새 재배기술 및 수확시기 구명 ... 71
• 제3절 다년생 원료작물의 전처리조건 및 생산공정 개발 ... 92
• 제4절 다년생 원료작물 병해발생 ... 105
• 제5절 다년생 비식용작물활용 바이오연료화 ... 137
• 제 4 장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 198
• 제1절 목표대비 달성도 ... 198
• 제2절 정량적 성과 ... 199
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 204
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 205
• 제7장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 210
• 제8장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 211
• 제9장 참고문헌 ... 212
• 끝페이지 ... 217