초록 ▼

연구개발결과
본 연구는 제 1세부과제에서 개발하는 토마토 재배시설의 평가시스템을 완성하기 위하여 각 세부과제에서 도출한 결과들을 평가시스템에 반영하기로 하고 소과제를 구성하여 연구를 수행하기로 하였으나 그 범위가 방대하여 본 연구기간에는 평가시스템에 사용할 수 있는 데이터를 확보하지 못하였지만 각 세부과제에서는 많은 결과들을 도출하였는데 그 결과는 아래와 같다.
제 1세부과제에서는 전문가 집단을 대상으로 델파이 설문조사를 실시하여 평가 항목, 등급 및 기준으로 구성된 평가지표를 개발하였다. 최종적으로 확정된 평가 항목은

연구개발결과
본 연구는 제 1세부과제에서 개발하는 토마토 재배시설의 평가시스템을 완성하기 위하여 각 세부과제에서 도출한 결과들을 평가시스템에 반영하기로 하고 소과제를 구성하여 연구를 수행하기로 하였으나 그 범위가 방대하여 본 연구기간에는 평가시스템에 사용할 수 있는 데이터를 확보하지 못하였지만 각 세부과제에서는 많은 결과들을 도출하였는데 그 결과는 아래와 같다.
제 1세부과제에서는 전문가 집단을 대상으로 델파이 설문조사를 실시하여 평가 항목, 등급 및 기준으로 구성된 평가지표를 개발하였다. 최종적으로 확정된 평가 항목은 4개 대분류 영역과 39개 세부 평가항목으로 이루어졌다. 대분류 영역은 시설 구조적 요소, 시설 설비적 요소, 재배적 요소, 생산기반적 요소이며, 요소별로 각각 9개, 15개, 7개, 8개씩 세부 평가항목으로 구성되었다. 또한 전문가 의견을 수렴하여 39개 평가항목별로 가중치를 산정하고, 등급 및 기준을 설정하였다. 개발된 평가지표를 토대로 토마토 재배시설 평가용 홈페이지(http://www.tomatorda.or.kr)를 개설하였다.
제 2세부과제에서는 현장 비닐하우스의 구조안전성 평가 기술을 개발하였다. 세부사항으로 현장 가력시험이 가능한 이동식 구조안전진단 시스템 개발, 비닐하우스 구조해석 기술 개발, 비닐하우스 변형특성 및 붕괴모드 분석 등을 통하여 구조안전성 평가기술의 정확도를 향상시켰다.
제 3세부과제에서는 시설토마토 촉성재배시에는 야간온도를 13℃내외로 관리하는 것이 상품성을 증진시킬 수 있으며 난방비 절감 재배를 목표로 할 경우에는 10℃내외로 관리하는 것이 좋으며 지상부 난방만 하는 경우 보다는 지하부 난방을 병행하는 것이 생산성이 10%정도 향상되는 결과가 있었다.
제 4세부과제에서는 시설방향에 따른 토마토의 생산성은 남북동이 동서동에 비하여 7%정도 수량이 많은 것으로 나타났으며 반사판과 녹색비닐멀칭구의 수량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 반사판의 효과가 있었다. 2년 경과후 PO, EVA, PE 필름의 투광률 감소하였고, PE와 EVA는 70% 이하까지 감소하는 경향을 보였다(Table 5). 하지만, 세척 유무에 따른 경향성은 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 저온기 시설토마토 재배에서 투광량이 1% 감소할 때 마다 13.5kg/10a 감소한다는 결과를 얻었고, 토마토 수량과 적산광합성 유효광량과의 회귀식은 y=0.4723x+4245 으로 구할 수 있었다. 이 때 회귀 계수(R²)는 0.98로 상당히 고도로 유의한 식을 얻을 수 있었다. 이때 x는 적산 광합성유효광량(단위 mol/㎡)이고, y는 토마토 수량(kg/10a)이다.
제 5세부과제에서는 노동력을 줄일 수 있는 줄기 유인장치를 4종, 단동비닐하우스용 절전형 환경제어시스템, 노동생산성을 높일 수 있는 착과수 조절 방밥 등을 개발 하였다.
제 6세부과제에서는 측고 높이, 지역 및 작형을 조사한 결과 지역에 따라 기존 하우스보다 동고는 0.5~2m, 측고는 0.3~0.8m 높인 경우 토마토의 수량은 17~62%, 10a당 소득은 2,240~5,975 천원이 증가한다는 결과를 도출하였다.
제 7세부과제에서는 맑은 날을 기준으로 한국과 네덜란드의 온실 외 • 내부 광량의 일변화를 비교해 보면 여름철의 경우 큰 차이가 없으나 특히 네덜란드 쪽이 겨울철에 광량이 감소하고 일광시간이 짧은 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 고온 스트레스를 받을 경우 광합성 측정치는 최고 25% 정도 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 건물중은 대조구에 비하여 약 7% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract ▼

This study for achieving evaluating system of cultivation structure for fruit-vegetables was composed of detailed assignments based on the reflection of its results. Owing to releasing contents of detailed researches, its evaluation system don' t have enough data from them but cooperative researches

This study for achieving evaluating system of cultivation structure for fruit-vegetables was composed of detailed assignments based on the reflection of its results. Owing to releasing contents of detailed researches, its evaluation system don' t have enough data from them but cooperative researches deduced many results and the results are below
This 1st project for establishment of evaluation criterion of cultivation structure of tomato aimed to develop the comprehensive indicators and evaluation system which can be used for evaluating greenhouse for tomato cultivation. To achieve this aim, the study developed the evaluation indicators composed of evaluation items, grades and criteria by extracting preliminary evaluation items through analyzing the related papers and preceding studies, and conducting Delphi survey on an expert group. During the three surveys, The questions of closed-ended type were given to a panel of 100 experts - professors related to tomato cultivation and facilities, researchers and farmers (practical users). As a result, the finally established evaluation indicators consist of 4 categories and 39 specific evaluation items. The 4 categories are the structural factor of greenhouse, equipment factor of greenhouse, cultivation factor, and infrastructure factor. These factors consist of specific evaluation items of 9, 15, 7 and 8, rspectively. In addition, on 39 specific evaluation items, weighted values were calculated and grades and criteria were established by collecting opinions of the experts. Based on the evaluation indicators, the evaluation system homepage for tomato greenhouses was developed. The newly developed evaluation system through this study will play an important role in developing new greenhouse models, considering things that should be complemented preferentially regarding in-use facilities, and improving the efficiency of projects supported by the government. The home page (http://www.tomatorda.or.kr) for evaluating cultivation structure of tomato based on its criteria was opened.
An technique for structural safety assessment of plastic greenhouse using advanced methods and apparatus is proposed in 2nd project. The analysis of structural behavior is done by field test as well as numerical analysis to the existing greenhouses, and the guide for evaluation of structural safety in plastic greenhouse is suggested. The structure foundation-soil interaction problem was taken into consideration in the assessment of structural safety and the effect of semi-rigid rafter-purlin cross-linking connections was analyzed on the static behavior of plastic greenhouse. To promote the time and cost efficiency of the assembly process, each cross-linking connections of space arch type grid that consists of rafter and purlin is linked with steel-wire buckles, and each end of the rafters was driven directly to the ground to support the plastic greenhouse structure. However, in the design process, cross-linking connections and bases are idealized by being categorized as fully rigid or frictionless pinned, which does not appropriately reflect actual conditions. This study takes a full-scale loading test of plastic greenhouse and analyzes the effect of member cross-linking connections and driven steel pipe foundation on the behavior of a structure. The analysis provided a basis for determining the rigidity factor of member cross-linking nodes needed for numerical analysis, and the reliability of the result regarding the static behavior of plastic greenhouse. Advanced management techniques contribute greatly to the preservation of structural safety of greenhouse as well as stable crop production.
This 3rd project aimed to improve temperature environment for fruit vegetable in greenhouse. Temperature is associated with division and translation of carbohydrates and affects growth and development of organ. In addition, temperature influences water and nutrient uptake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high temperature and shading on air temperature and tomato growth in summer and influence of air and soil temperature on tomato growth, comparison between air temperature and soil temperature on yield. Lastly, for setting the optical temperature of pipe water for soil heating, computer simulation was used. In summer, shading over than 30% affected tomato yield. High air and soil temperature decreased the period. Under above 15℃ air temperature, soil heating is non-effective. For energy saving and plant growth, suitable water temperature for soil heating is from 30℃ to 40℃.
This 4th project aimed to improve light environment for fruit vegetable in greenhouse. Light is energy source to transform CO₂ to carbohydrates and affects growth and development of organ. In addition, light influences morphogenesis of plant. This study aimed to investigate the light condition to influence the yield of tomato. The productivity of tomato on south-north structural direction was 7% higher than east-west' s. And reflective plate on norther wall and green mulching treatment is highest among treatments and has effects to improve light environment and enhance yield. After 2 years outer covering, the transmittances of each film were decreased and the transmittances of PE and EVA were under 70%. The tendency of washing treatment wasn' t remarkable for the transmittances. During winter period, the increase of light influence the rise of yield of tomato and the early harvest. The regression formulae for tomato yield and accumulated PPFD is y=0.4723x+4245 on the condition of x, accumulated PPFD(unit mol/m2) and y, tomato yield(unit kg/10a). To use PO complex film and washing treatment improve the light condition in the plastic house and increase the yield of tomato.
This 5th project aimed to develop the labor shortage system which can be used for vine training system, environmental control system, for tomato cultivation. We had developed three type of management system. First, Vine training system were Right-Left rotating shaft for the stem training device for vine plants, manual drive shaft for wire belt type of stem-training device for vine plants, pascal type line skein form of incentive design, incentive bobbin winder. Second, Environmental control system for single span greenhouse have power saving system, labor shortage for environmental control by remote controller. Third, Adjusting the number of Tomato Fruit Setting can be marketable can increase the proportion of fruit in the effort to investigate how the savings were possible
As a result, the finally developed four type of vine training system for vine training labor shortage. Percentage of labor shortage were investigated that left-right rotating shaft for the stem training device was 71%, Manual drive shaft for wire belt type of stem-training device was 26%, incentive bobbin winder was 73%, one type of environmental control system for single span greenhouse that save electricity 38%, and ond method of fruit setting that was maximum the number of marketable fruit by 4 fruit setting each cluster in tomato cultivation.
This 6th project was carried out to investigate the productivity according to plastic greenhouse type, ridge and eaves height, width, cultivar and cultivation method of tomatoes in several areas. The width of single-span plastic greenhouse was more wide in Whacheon as 8m than that in Youngwol and Chuncheon showed 6.5m and 5.7m, respectively. Ridge height was higher in Whacheon as 4.5m than that in Youngwol and Chuncheon showed 3.5m and 2.9m, respectively. Ridge and eaves height of plastic greenhouse in Kangwon province were higher in multi-span type than that in single-span type. The cultivation period of tomato in Kangwon province was 5 to 6 months. Yield of tomato was lower at Whacheon as 6,467kg/10a than that in Youngwol and Chuncheon showed 9,123 to 8.812kg/10a, respectively. The width, ridge hight and eaves hight of plastic greenhouse in southern part (Sacheon, Bosung, Jangsung) were more wide and higher over 1m in multi-span type than that in single-span type. Cultivation period of tomatoes in southern part was 8 to 10 months, it was longer about 3 to 4 months than that in Kangwon province. Yield of tomato in southern part was highest in Jangsung as 14,833kg/10a than that in Bosung and Sacheon showed 10,417 and 8,292kg/10a, respectivily. Yield of tomato was higher in soilless culture than in soil culture. Yield of tomato in soilless culture was highest as 16,214kg/10a in Bosung, but was lowest as 8292kg/10a in Nonsan. Yield of tomato in soilless culture was over 14,000kg/10a except Nonsan, but was under 10,000kg/10a in soil culture except Jangsung and Bosung. Yield of tomatoes when eaves height extended from 2.7 or 3m to 4.5m in multi-span greenhouse was increased to 5 to 23 percent. ‘Momotaro’, ‘Mairoku’ and ‘Supertop’ cultivar were cultivated in Youngwol and Whacheon, but ‘Hoyong’, ‘Rapito’ and ‘Alexander’ were cultivated in Chuncheon. Yield of tomato was higher as 7,826kg/10a of ‘Sueprtop’ cultivar than that in ‘Momotaro’ and ‘Mairoku’ cultivar showed 6,000kg/10a in Youngwol. Average net income of ‘SuperTop’cultivar for 1 month was higher 2.5 times than in other cultivar in Youngwol. But monthly net income of ‘Alexander’ cultivar was increased 1.1 times than other cultivar in Chuncheon. However, yield of tomato for 1 month was higher 26 and 17 percent in ‘Mairoku’ cultivar than in ‘Supertop’ and ‘Momotaro’, and net income for 1 month was also higher at ‘Mairoku’ cultivar than other cultivar in Whacheon. Yield and net income of tomatoes were increased 33 percent at ‘Cutie’ cultivar than in ‘Koko’ cultivar.
This 6th project aimed to develop the integrated environmental control technology based on crop growth database. To control the environment of greenhouse is complex and related to each factor such as temperature, relative humidity, and CO₂. Its objective is to maximize photosynthesis and to increase crop yield. This technique was well developed in Dutch greenhouse. So Korean and Dutch climate was compared. Korean summer has higher temperature than Dutch' s. The strategy to cultivate the crop during summer should be required in Korea. On the hight temperature, the photosynthetic parameter was be investigated and the dry matter was decreased. The CO₂ enrichment help to decrease the crop' s stress in high temperature.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 7
• 목차 ... 11
• 제 1 장 서 론 ... 12
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 13
• 제1절 : 시설토마토 재배시설 평가기준 설정 ... 13
• 제2절 : 원예시설의 구조안전성 평가기술 개발 ... 13
• 제3절 : 시설토마토 온도환경 개선 연구 ... 14
• 제4절 : 시설토마토 광환경 개선 연구 ... 15
• 제5절 : 노동생산성 향상을 위한 재배관리 시스템 개선 ... 15
• 제6절 : 시설과채류 지역 및 작형에 따른 생산성 차이 구명 ... 15
• 제7절 : 작물 생육DB 기반 시설원예 복합환경관리기술 개발 ... 16
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 17
• 제1절 : 시설토마토 재배시설 평가기준 설정 ... 17
• 제2절 : 원예시설의 구조안전성 평가기술 개발 ... 44
• 제3절 : 시설토마토 온도환경 개선 연구 ... 67
• 제4절 : 시설토마토 광환경 개선 연구 ... 87
• 제5절 : 노동생산성 향상을 위한 재배관리 시스템 개선 ... 98
• 제6절 : 시설과채류 지역 및 작형에 따른 생산성 차이 구명 ... 119
• 제7절 : 작물 생육DB 기반 시설원예 복합환경관리기술 개발 ... 131
• 제 4 장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 138
• 1절 목표대비 대외 달성도 ... 138
• 2절 정량적 성과(논문게재, 특허출원, 기타) ... 140
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 147
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 149
• 제 7 장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 150
• 제 8 장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 151
• 제 9 장 참고문헌 ... 152
• 끝페이지 ... 161