초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
<제1세부과제 : 느타리 육종모본 특성평가 및 병재배용 품종육성>
농가에서 재배되어 바이러스 감염이 의심된 17개의 느타리 육종 모본 균주의 형태적 특성 및 바이러스 감염 여부를 확인한 결과, 자실체와 균사체, 혹은 환경 조건에 따라 dsRNA의 banding pattern이 변화하는 유전적 다양성을 나타내었다. 느타리(Pleurotus ostreatus) 품종 육성은 ASI 2596(수한3호)와 ASI 2782(흑변이체)를 RT-PCR로 dsRNA가 존재하지 않는 단포자를 이용한 Mon-Mon 교잡을

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
<제1세부과제 : 느타리 육종모본 특성평가 및 병재배용 품종육성>
농가에서 재배되어 바이러스 감염이 의심된 17개의 느타리 육종 모본 균주의 형태적 특성 및 바이러스 감염 여부를 확인한 결과, 자실체와 균사체, 혹은 환경 조건에 따라 dsRNA의 banding pattern이 변화하는 유전적 다양성을 나타내었다. 느타리(Pleurotus ostreatus) 품종 육성은 ASI 2596(수한3호)와 ASI 2782(흑변이체)를 RT-PCR로 dsRNA가 존재하지 않는 단포자를 이용한 Mon-Mon 교잡을 통하여 3계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 우량계통 중에서 품질이 가장 우수한 SB-73을 ‘다굴’로 명명하였다. 신품종 ‘다굴’은 개체발생수가 많고 대가 길어 재배방법이 확립되면 농가 소득증대에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 분자마커 및 Di-Mon 교배법을 이용한 세포질전환교잡주를 선발함으로서 핵 위주의 품종육성에서 세포질치환 교잡방법으로 버섯 품종육종의 새장을 열 것이라 사료된다.
<제2세부과제 : 느타리 봉지재배용고온성 품종 개발>
느타리 봉지재배용 고온성 품종개발을 위하여 국내외에서 수집한 50계통에서 GMPO20215 등 6계통을 선발하고 우수단핵균주를 29개체를 선발하였다. 교배를 실시하여 432계통을 육성하고 3차의 특성검정 후 품질이 우수한 ‘Q432’ 4계통을 선발하였다. 선발계통의 수량에 있어 ‘Q432’계통은 323.3 g/kg봉지, ‘NO8-1’계통은 288.4 g/kg봉지, ‘HP10781’계통은 221.4 g/kg봉지, ‘HP11362’계통은 321.8 g/kg봉지를 나타내었다. ‘Q432’ 등 4계통의 수량 및 품질은 대조품종인 ‘수한1호’에 비하여 우수하였으며, ‘Q432’계통과 ‘HP10781’계통이 다수성이며 대가 굵고 조직의 탄력이 우수하였다.
생산력검정을 통하여 선발된 ‘곤지2호’(Q432)와 ‘곤지5호’(HP10781)는 농가실증시험 후 직무육성품종 심의를 거쳐 국립종자원에 품종등록 하였다. ‘곤지2호’의 주요특성은 조직탄력이 우수하고 세균성갈반병이 강한편이었으며 다수성으로 기존품종 대비 수량이 3~21%정도 높은 편이었다. 단점은 버섯 발생량이 많아 생육초기에 환기를 적게 주면 대가가늘어지는 경향이 있었다. ‘곤지5호’의 주요특성은 갓색이 진회색이며 형태가 양호하고, 조직 탄력성이 우수하였다. ‘곤지5호’는 다수성으로 기존품종 대비 수량이 13%정도 높은 편이었다. 하지만, 발이 및 생육기간이 1~2일 정도 더 소요되었다.
<제3세부과제 : 느타리 균상재배용 품종개발>
화성2호는 STS035의 단핵균(MST)과 수한1호 이핵균간의 di-mono교배를 통해 육성된 중저온성으로 갓색 진하고, 대는 백색이며 저온에서 짧지 않다. 9~14℃의 온도관리로 난방비가 절감되므로, 저온기 재배시 관리가 수월하고 버섯의 상품성이 좋으며 수량성이 높아 좋으나 초발이가 약간 늦은 것이 단점이다. 화성5호는 STS035의 단핵균(MST)과 PSC109이핵균간의 di-mono교배를 통해 육성된 중고온성으로 적정생육온도는 15~18℃이다. 갓은 진갈색이고 대는 굵고 길며 백색이다. 14℃이하에서는 대 짧아지고 초발이 약간 늦다. 모균주 PSC109는 다포자임의교배법으로 육성되었다. 대장2호는 SKA556의 단핵균(SKB)와 S001 이핵균간의 di-mono교배를 통해 육성된 중고온성으로 적정생육온도는 16~18℃이다.
갓은 진회색에 깊은깔때기형이고 초발이는 수한1호와 비슷하고, 대는 약간 굵고 긴 편이다.
이상의 3개의 육성품종들은 수한1호와 비교하여 강도, 경도, 씹음성과 깨짐성이 높았고, 대조직이 무르지 않고 식감이 좋으며 단단하였다.
<제4세부과제 : 느타리 대체배지 및 폐배지 재활용기술개발>
버섯 병재배 배지재료들의 수분함량을 달리하였을 때의 팽윤정도에 차이가 많았는데, 최대수분흡수상태에서 팽윤계수는 비트펄프 3.00> 콘코브 2.13> 면실박 2.01> 건비지 1.85> 밀기울 1.61> 미송발효톱밥 1.40> 미루나무톱밥 1.35> 팽화왕겨 1.28> 미강 1.00 순이었다.
느타리 병재배 배지제조시 탄산칼슘분말은 0.2%첨가시 자실체 수량이 117g/850ml로 7%증수하였으며, 패화석분말은 0.5%첨가시 123g으로 12% 증수하였다. 느타리 봉지재배시 비트펄프+미강(80:20) 393 g, 억새펠릿+면실박(85:15) 283 g, 왕겨펠릿+미강(70:30) 164g의 순이었다. 비트펄프+미강(90:10) 385 g과 비트펄프+면실박(90:10) 309 g으로 느타리 봉지재배에서는 비트펄프에 미강을 첨가한 배지조성이 더 좋았다. 버섯 배지를 살균할 때배지의 내부에 실시간으로 온도 측정값을 저장할 수 있고 고온고압에 견디는 기기(Data Logger DS-1922T)를 삽입하여 살균기 및 배지 내부의 온도변화와 살균온도 유지시간의 측정이 가능하였다. 느타리 병재배 수확후배지는 기본배지에 대하여 10%~30% 첨가수준에서 자실체 수량이 안정적이어서 배지비용 절감효과가 있었다.

Abstract ▼

To develop a new variety of oyster mushroom(P leurotus ostreatus), parental strains was selected by the method of Mon-Mon crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from ASI 2596(Suhan No.3) and ASI 2782(Black pileus mutant). The SB-73(ASI 2596-11 x 2782-8) was shown the best cultural characteris

To develop a new variety of oyster mushroom(P leurotus ostreatus), parental strains was selected by the method of Mon-Mon crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from ASI 2596(Suhan No.3) and ASI 2782(Black pileus mutant). The SB-73(ASI 2596-11 x 2782-8) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new variety and named as ' Dagul' . The ' Dagul' was formed incompatibility line distinctly in the confrontation growth of parental strains Suhan No.3 and ASI 2782. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth, fruiting body development and pH arrange were 25∼30℃, 14∼17℃ and pH5∼8, respectively. Fruiting body production per bottle was about 68.0±24.1 g which is almost 115% quantity compared to that of other variety Suhan No.3. And also the stipe is long and individual generation is multiple. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new variety ' Dagul' showed different DNA bands as that of the control strains, Suhan No.3 and ASI 2782, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers URP7 and Rcb1 were used. This new variety ' Dagul' of oyster mushroom is characterized by multiple of individual generation and the stipe is long. We therefore expect that this new strain will increase of the income by cultivation of field.
This study has been conducted to develop new variety oyster mushroom(P leurotus ostreatus) which were suitable for bag cultivation in mid-high temperature. 50 strains collected from abroad and domestic were investigated for cultural characteristics at 15℃ and 20℃ in the bag culture. 6 strains of them have been dark gray color pileus and and thick stipes at 20℃ in the culture room. They were Jangpung, Chiak-3ho, GMPO20180, GMPO20215, GMPO35382, and GMPO35383. Selected strains were used as parents to produce F1 hybrid. Spores were isolated from selected parental strains. After the spores were grown on the PDA(potato dextros agar), monokaryotic strains without clamp connection were selected 50 per parental strain. Selected 300 strains were mated with 2 monokayotic strains of recessive phenotype. The 242 strains of F1 hybrids have produced fruitbody. After they were screened for morphological characteristic and phenotype, the 29 monokaryotic strains were selected as superior ones. 423 F1 hybrids were bred by mating between selected 29 monokaryons and previously owned ones with ' dikaryon-monokaryon mating' and ' monokaryon-monokaryon mating’. After they were observed characteristics and yields of fruitbody through trials of several times at 20℃ in the bag culture, 2 strains of the hybrid strains were selected by quality standard. ‘Gonji-2ho(Q432)’ was bred and by mating between monokaryons isolated from GMPO35338 and Jangpug. In the major characteristics of fruit body, the pilei were thick and dark-gray and the stipes were thick and long with softness. The fruit body was grew vital and uniform. The yield were shown by 323.3g/1kg bag. This variety has high yielding capacity, cultivation stability and the resistance to the bacterial brown blotch disease. ‘Gonji-5ho(HP10781)’ was bred by mating two monokaryons isolated from ‘Chiak-3ho’ and ‘Suhan-1ho’. In the characteristics of fruit body, pilei were thick and gray and stipes were thick and soft. It was suitable to grow at higher temperature. The range of optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was around 26~29℃ and that for the pinheading and growth of fruit body was around 18~20℃. But when it was cultuered in lower than 15℃, growth was not uniform, culture period was longer, and stipes were uneven. The fruit body growth was vital and uniform around 18~2 0℃. The yield was 221.4g/1kg bag.
The purpose of breeding was developed of varieties suitable to bed cultivation. Breeding had used various parent strains, its had selected through trials of several times. The new selected cultivars had researched characteristics in various inherent environments through farm field trials. The new cultivars were differented parent strains and other breeded strains in PCR-RAPD reacted with OPA, URP primer The characteristics of three cultivars were as follows : "Hwaseong 2ho" was developed by the method of Di-mon mating between monokaryotic strains derived from "Hwaseong 1ho" and dikaryotic strain "Suhan 1ho". The optimum temperature of mycelial growth and fruiting body development were 20~26℃ and 9~14℃. Days of primordia formation were 2~6 days faster Suhan 1ho. If temperature rises above 27℃ during growthing of mycelia, primordia formation was delayed or the number of primordia formation became smaller.
The color of pileus was dark-brown, the shape of pileus was infundibuliform. The stipes were longer in low temperatures. The surfaces of stipe became white and the tissues got harder and more elastic. Therefore, the management of growth environment under low temperatures was relatively easy and storability got much better. The suitable seasons to cultivate were between autumn to spring in the bed culture. “Hwaseong 5ho” was developed by the method of Di-mon mating between monokaryotic strains derived from "Hwaseong 1ho" and dikaryotic strain "PSC109". The optimum temperature of mycelial growth and fruiting body development were 20~26℃ and 15~18℃. Days of primordia formation were 23~33 days. If temperature rises above 27℃ during growthing of mycelia, primordia formation was delayed or the number of primordia formation became smaller.
The color of pileus was dark-brown, the shape of pileus was infundibuliform. Material properties of stipe of “Hwaseong 5ho” was more strength, more hardness, more chewingness and more brittleness than Suhan 1ho. There was slightly higher ventilation (respiration) requirements during the growth period. The suitable seasons to cultivate were between spring to autumn in the bed culture. “Daejang 2ho” was developed by the method of Di-mon mating between monokaryotic strains derived from "Daejang 1ho" and dikaryotic strain "S001". The optimum temperature of mycelial growth and fruiting body development were 23~30℃ and 16~18℃. Days of primordia formation were 26-31 days, it was not later than Suhan 1ho. The color of pileus was dark-grey, the shape of pileus was deeply infundibuliform. Material properties of stipe of “Daejang 2ho” was more strength, more hardness, more chewingness and more brittleness than Suhan 1ho. The suitable seasons to cultivate were between spring to summer in the bed culture. The economic efficiencies were as follows : Hwaseong 2ho was saved heating costs and improved the yield of products in the cold season. Hwaseong 5ho was improved the yield of products through harvest of many times. Daejang 2ho was the normal yield of products, but it was high quality and its price was more higher.
In this study, the swelling degree is a difference according to the moisture content of the substrate materials for mushrooms bottle cultivation. At maximum water absorption, the swelling coefficient of the substrate materials was following order; 3.00 in beet pulp > 2.13 in corn-cob > 2.01 in cottonseed meal > 1.85 in soybean curd residue > 1.61 in wheat bran > 1.40 in Douglas fir sawdust fermentation > 1.35 in poplar sawdust > 1.28 in puffed rice husk > 1.00 in rice bran. When the medium prepare for the oyster mushroom bottle cultivation, the fruiting bodies yield was 117g/850ml in addition to 0.2% calcium carbonate powder increased 7% and 123g/850ml in addition to 0.5% oyster shell powder increased 12%. And, according to substrates composition on the oyster mushroom bag cultivation, fruiting bodies yield was following order; 393 g in beet pulp+rice bran(80:20) > 283 g in miscanthus pellets+cottonseed meal(85:15) > 164 g in rice husk pellets+rice bran(70:30).
Also, on the bag cultivation, beet pulp and rice bran(90:10) treatment was better than beet pulp and cottonseed meal(90:10) as 385 g and 309 g.
This study was carried out to develop a method related to measuring the temperature of sterile medium in bottle cultivation. When the medium is sterilized, the device is able to be inserted inside of the medium and the temperature can be directly measured in real time although high temperature and pressure are detected in the sterilization. This device can be able to measure the sterilization temperature in short intervals inside of autoclave and medium used in bottle cultivation. As the method were applied to the field cultivation of mushroom, we could produce mushroom in consistent manner through the optimum sterilization of the medium.
This study was carried out to test the recycling post-harvest medium from other mushroom bottle cultivation as a secondary medium of the oyster mushroom. In the post-harvest medium from winter mushroom and king oyster mushroom cultivation, oyster mushroom varieties in Chunchu-2ho and Manchuri fruit bodies yields compared with control group tend to be low. After recycling the post-harvest medium, it was replaced by basal medium up to 50%, of which the fruit bodies with stable yield increase from 10% to 30% were increased.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요 약 문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 6
• 목 차 ... 9
• 제1장 서 론 ... 10
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 14
• 가. 국·내외 관련분야에 대한 기술개발 현황 ... 14
• 나. 국내외 연구현황 비교 및 필요 연구 분야 ... 15
• 제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 16
• <제1_세부과제> 느타리 육종모본 특성평가 및 병재배용 품종육성 ... 16
• <제2_협동연구과제> 느타리 봉지재배용고온성 품종 개발 ... 30
• <제3_협동연구과제> 느타리 균상재배용 품종개발 ... 51
• <제4_세부연구과제> 느타리 대체배지 및 폐배지 재활용기술개발 ... 76
• 제4장 연구개발 목표 달성도 및 대외 기여도 ... 109
• 제1절 : 목표대비 달성도 ... 109
• 제2절 : 정량적 성과 ... 110
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용 ... 116
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 119
• 제7장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 120
• 1. 평가시 지적사항에 대한 반영 현황 ... 120
• 2. 변경 사항 ... 120
• 제8장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 121
• 제9장 참고문헌 ... 122
• 끝페이지 ... 125