초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
ㅇ고랭지 씨감자 재배단지 비래진딧물 발생 변동 추적 및 패턴 분석(1976~2013)
ㅇ황색수반과 황색 끈끈이를 이용한 비래진딧물 간이 예찰법 개발
ㅇ하령감자 역병발생 예찰기술 및 친환경 방제기술 개발
ㅇ2009∼2013년 전국 주요 감자 재배지역에서 채집한 역병 356균주의 유전형 분석
ㅇ감자 신문제해충 감자뿔나방의 전국 발생분포도 작성
ㅇ감자뿔나방 천적(감자뿔나방살이자루맵시벌) 실내사육법 개발 및 생태적 특성 구명
ㅇ감자뿔나방 천적에 대한 저독성 농자재 선발
ㅇ하령감자

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
ㅇ고랭지 씨감자 재배단지 비래진딧물 발생 변동 추적 및 패턴 분석(1976~2013)
ㅇ황색수반과 황색 끈끈이를 이용한 비래진딧물 간이 예찰법 개발
ㅇ하령감자 역병발생 예찰기술 및 친환경 방제기술 개발
ㅇ2009∼2013년 전국 주요 감자 재배지역에서 채집한 역병 356균주의 유전형 분석
ㅇ감자 신문제해충 감자뿔나방의 전국 발생분포도 작성
ㅇ감자뿔나방 천적(감자뿔나방살이자루맵시벌) 실내사육법 개발 및 생태적 특성 구명
ㅇ감자뿔나방 천적에 대한 저독성 농자재 선발
ㅇ하령감자의 저장 중 괴경 괴저 증상 원인 구명 : PVY 감염이 주원인
ㅇ감자 바이러스병 피해해석 시스템 개발 : 온실+플라스틱 상자+상토 20kg+30g 씨감자 2주

Abstract ▼

Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is one of the important crops in Korea where its cultivation area is approximately 24,900 ha in 2012. Potato, however, is vulnerable to many kinds of disease and insect pests in the fields worldwide. If not managed properly during the early growth stage of the crop, som

Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is one of the important crops in Korea where its cultivation area is approximately 24,900 ha in 2012. Potato, however, is vulnerable to many kinds of disease and insect pests in the fields worldwide. If not managed properly during the early growth stage of the crop, some pests adversely affect quantity and quality directly. Recently, occurrence pattern and kinds of pests were changed according to the global warming at seed potato production fields from plain to highland to an altitude of over 800 meters in Korea. To monitor pests occurrence periodically and to develop control methods are urgent to potato researchers and farmers for the safe production of potato.
This research work is composed of four subjects; (1) Monitoring of disease and insect pests occurrence at potato fields nationwide (2) Analysis of genetic differentiation of potato late blight isolates and establishment of efficient management system for potato late blight (3) Development of control methods for new troublesome insect pests, and (4) Damage analysis of potato infected by various viruses. Main results are described here in the order of each subjects mentioned above.
■ Monitoring of the pest is one of the most important strategy to set the IPM program. Therefore, to set the potato IPM program in Korea, we performed potato pest monitoring in potato fields. The seasonal fluctuations of migrated aphids at Daegwallyeong highlands potato fields were analyzed through 2011 to 2013 using yellow water trap. The total average migrated aphid population densities in 1999-2008 were 2,481. However, total migrated aphid population densities in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were 2,558, 4,911 and 1,267 respectively, showing high variation through three years.
The average of annual total ratio of main aphid pests, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii, were about 20 and 10% respectively. we also develop the simple monitoring technique for effective initial aphid control using yellow water trap with sticky trap.
Based on potato pest monitoring result, main pests of the potato cultivation were PVY, late blight (Phytophthora infestans), bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum),
aphids (Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii) and moths (Phthorimaea operculella and Spodoptera exigua) in 2011-2013. These main pests were distributed in almost of all surveyed areas. However, annual and seasonal fluctuations of pests were varied depend on environment conditions. A RT-PCR assay was designed to amplify stylet-borne virus, PVY in aphids using primers located in the viral capsid gene. PVY was detected in field collected aphids, Myzus persicae. Taken together, these results and methods could be apply in potato IPM program.
■ The aims of second subject work were to investigate of incidence of late blight in major producing areas, select resistant cultivars and forecast initial occurrence in Daegwallyeong area. And population diversity of P. infestans isolates through mating type, chemicals resistance, race distribution and SSR analysis were investigated. In several winter cultivation areas such as Miryang and Namwon, the incidence of late blight was severe because high humidity was maintained inside plastic film house. In many summer cultivation areas, incidence of late blight was severe because of frequent rainfall and high humidity. Among 14 cultivars, Jayoung, Hongyoung, Jowon, Jopung and Haryeong showed moderate resistant to late blight. Forecasting of initial occurrence was carried out by 'Moving Average Method' and 'BLITECAST' in Daegwallyeong area in 2011～2013. 'Moving Average Method' predicted period of initial occurrence accurately in 2011 and 2012. However, initial occurrence in 2013 was predicted later than forecasing period by both methods. Sensitivities of P. infestans isolates to the chemicals were examined by measuring mycelial growth on 10% V8 Juice agar containing 5 ㎍/ml and 100 ㎍/ml of metalaxyl, and 1㎍/ml and 5㎍/ml of dimethomorph compared with nonamended control. 18.0%, 8.3% and 16.9% examined in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively was resistant, and 12%, 4.8% and 4.2% was intermediate resistant, and 70.0%, 86.9% and 78.9% was susceptible to metalaxyl.
While in sensitivity to dimethomorph during 2011-2013, only one isolate was intermediate resistant and rest of them were all susceptible. 268 among 281 isolates collected from various regions during 2011∼2013 was A1 mating type and 13 isolates from Miryang area was A2. In race of P. infestans isolates investigated during 2011∼ 2013, R1, R3, R4 and R7 showed in every isolates and R10 and R11 were also very common. In SSR data, K1 genotype was most common except isolates of Jeju-do and it showed similarity with Polish A1 type.
■ The potato tuber moth (PTM, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)), is a serious pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants in the field in regions with warm temperate to tropical climates, and of tubers stored under ambient temperatures post-harvest. In recent years, P. operculella has been inadvertently occurred in the potato fields and stores worldwide, and it is expected that geological distribution can be extended wider according to global warming. We carried out several works to investigate; PTM distribution nationwide, some ecological characteristics of PTM, potato cultivars having resistance to PTM, efficient pesticides with high control efficacy to PTM but safer to natural enemy, and parasitoids release trials into fields. Through an extensive survey of PTM distribution using sex pheromone traps during three years, we identified that the northern limit of PTM distribution expanded to southern Gyeonggi and middle Gangwon regions from Gyeongbuk and Chungbuk regions, that is, PTM distributed nearly all areas of the Korean Peninsular except some highland areas. The number of eggs laid by PTM adults was most between two to five days after emergence of PTM, and hatching rate of eggs was higher as female adults were younger.
In case of PTM rearing indoor, it was better to get much eggs when inoculated 150 adults in a cylinder (Φ15×30cm, acryl). In resistance trials of potato cultivars to PTM, most culvivars were susceptible but five cultivars (Hongyoung, Seohong, Atlantic, Jayoung and Superior) having slightly resistance. However, further study will be necessary to get more precise evaluation including analysis of physico-chemical resistant factors that might be associated with feeding resistance to PTM. As a result of toxicity assay using commercial pesticides, five pesticides showed high control efficacy against PTM larvae, and six pesticides were comparatively safe to Diadegma fenestrale, a larval-endoparasitoid to PTM collected first in 2009 at the potato fields of Jeju island, Korea. In a field release trial of D. fenestrale adults, we could not obtain an accurate parasitization rate due to an unusual change of weather, especially of strong wind at that time. Based on these techniques, we are going to have a on-the-spot tril for the control of PTM.
■ Foliar symptoms of Potato virus Y infection at five potato cultivars were mosaic in 'Superior', yellow mosaic in 'Atlantic', Mild mosaic in 'Haryeong', severe yellow mosaic in 'Chubaek' and mild yellow mosaic in 'Dejima'. Two cultivars, 'Haryeong' and 'Dejima' showed relatively mild symptoms and 'Atlantic' and 'Chubaek' showed severe symptoms. A result of examining the yield reduction ratio to Potato virus Yinfection during the three years, the yield reduction ratios were 10.9% ('Atlantic'), 15.7% ('Superior'), 19.3% ('Haryeong'), 28.3% ('Dejima'), 30.9% ('Chubaek'). In case of 'Haryeong', tuber necrotic symptoms such as raised surface lesions and ringed necrotic areas appeared in only PVY infected 'Haryeong' tubers, especially during storage. These symptoms were not seen at harvest time. PVY can cause severe reductions in the seed tuber quality and yield of 'Haryeong'. Through greenhouse, net house and field works, we compared the yield reduction ratio in survey results during three years for the establishment of the damage analysis system of potato virus disease. As a result, the greenhouse cultivation showed a similar trend with the average yield reduction ratio, we determined damage assessment system through the greenhouse cultivation to be reasonable. Damage analysis of potato virus disease can after cultivating two 30g seed potatoes in the bed soil 20kg in plastic box in a greenhouse, was repeated three times, performed quickly and easily by examining the symptoms and quantity. Damage of potato virus disease analysed after cultivating one 30g seed potatoes 2 bed soil 20kg in a plastic box in a greenhouse, with three times replications, can be performed quickly and easily to examine the symptoms and yield.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 5
• 목차 ... 8
• 제 1장. 서 론 ... 9
• 제 2장. 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 11
• 제 3장. 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 13
• 제 1절. 연구개발 수행 내용 ... 13
• 제 2절. 연구 결과 ... 17
• 제 4장. 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 42
• 제 1절. 연구개발 목표 대비 달성도 ... 42
• 제 2절. 대외 기여도 ... 44
• 제 5장. 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 45
• 제 6장. 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 47
• 제 7장. 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 48
• 제 8장. 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 49
• 제 9장. 참고문헌 ... 50
• 끝페이지 ... 55