초록 ▼

Ⅲ. 연구개발의 내용 및 결과
○ 포름알데히드 제거율을 약 50%을 기준으로 했을 때 실내공간에 부피대비 약 2%의 식물이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며 톨루엔의 경우 제거량은 y = 2.328 + 0.750x + 0.384x²에 따라 증가하였다. 따라서 실내공간에 부피대비 약 2%의 식물을 투입하면 대조구에 비해 약 50.4% 제거하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 약 50%의 휘발성유기화합물을 제거하는 것을 기준으로 했을 때 식물을 실내공간대비 약 2% 투입하는 것이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.
○ 관엽식물의

Ⅲ. 연구개발의 내용 및 결과
○ 포름알데히드 제거율을 약 50%을 기준으로 했을 때 실내공간에 부피대비 약 2%의 식물이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며 톨루엔의 경우 제거량은 y = 2.328 + 0.750x + 0.384x²에 따라 증가하였다. 따라서 실내공간에 부피대비 약 2%의 식물을 투입하면 대조구에 비해 약 50.4% 제거하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 약 50%의 휘발성유기화합물을 제거하는 것을 기준으로 했을 때 식물을 실내공간대비 약 2% 투입하는 것이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.
○ 관엽식물의 지하부의 비율은 지상부 부피 대비 약 15%에서 휘발성유기화합물(VOC) 제거 효율이 가장 우수하였다. 화분이나 실내정원에 식물을 심을 경우에 토양의 부피를 지상부 전체 부피 대비 약 15%로 하는 것이 공기정화 효율이 가장 우수하였다.
○ 실내식물을 효과적으로 생활공간에 적용하기 위해 Bio wall을 개발하여 실용신안을 3건을 출원하였으며, 투입량을 효과적으로 계산할 수 있도록 프로그램을 개발하였다.
○ 실내 수직정원(biowall)에 식재된 관엽식물 3종에 있어서 백색 LED램프(15W 4개)를 이용한 20μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD의 8시간 이상 보광은 광합성을 증대시켜 생육 촉진 및 관상가치 향상을 유도할 수 있었다.
○ 관엽식물을 실내정원에 활용할 경우 온실에서의 차광(차광률 50-75%, 4주 이상)에 의한 광순화와 입실 후 실내 고광도[50μmol·m-2·s-1(3,700Lux) 이상] 유지는 광합성률의 향상으로 생육 촉진 및 관상가치 향상을 유도할 수 있었다.
○ 실내에서 식물 생장에 활용할 수 있는 인공광원은 다양한데, 각기 광질이 달라 이에 대한 식물의 반응도 다양하였다.
○ 기능성 디자인 식물용기는 2011년 농진청으로부터 8개의 디자인을 기술이전 받은 후 시제품 제작 및 금형, 사출 등 제품화를 위한 전문가(업체)와 검토 결과 스탠드형과 걸이형 2가지로 선정하여 시제품을 제작한 후 선호도 및 디자인 평가를 수행하였다.
○ 그린모니터 스텐드형 식물 용기디자인 개선 후 기술 개발 및 디자인을 출원하였다.
○ Bio-Wall시스템 기존 모듈의 식재공간의 부족 문제점을 기술 보완하고, 저면관수 심지의 고정 및 식재 후 흙 떨어지는 문제점을 해결하고 식재공정 간결화 하였다.
○ 공간활용도를 고려한 원형, 양면 파티션 스타일, 코너형, 가구형 등으로 디자인 개발하고 시제품을 제작하였다.
○ 식물 현장 적용 후 실내 유해물질 저감 평가 결과, 연구대상 신축 초등학교, 오피스(구 및 신축) 건물의 사무실에서 휘발성유기화합물류 및 폼알데하이드를 분석한 결과, 식물 적용군에서 모두 벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 자일렌 및 폼알데하이드 평가 대상 항목 대부분 식물미적용군과 비교시 농도 감소율이 높게 나타났다.
○ 새건물증후군 증상의 식물 적용 재실자로부터의 설문평가결과 식물적용 건물에서 관련 증상이 감소하는 것으로 평가되었으며, 온열쾌적감 역시 식물 적용 후 온열감 및 쾌적감 점수가 증가하였고, 온도, 습도, 공기질의 쾌적감 정도가 개선된 것으로 평가되었다.
○ 알레르기 비결막염 증상 (설문) 평가는 세계 알레르기 비결막염 지침(ARIA)에 근거한 증상지표/중증 설문을 통해 이루어 졌으며, 식물도입 전 1차 조사 결과와 2차, 3차 추적조사에서 식물도입군과 대조군 사이에 차이가 없게 나타났다.
○ 눈물막파괴시간 측정 결과를 통하여 눈물막 안전성 평가를 한 결과, 2차 조사 때 눈의 건조함이 줄어들었으며, 안구충혈 및 안구건조 평가 결과 1차 측정 시기에 비하여 2차 측정시기에 호전된 값을 보였다.
○ 피부 수분도 평가 결과 식물 적용 후 2차 측정 시기에 수분도가 감소하였으며, 피부건조상태사정도구를 사용하여 피부건조도를 평가한 결과, 식물미적용 군에서 건조함을 더 많이 느낀 것으로 관찰되었다.

Abstract ▼

Removal of volatile organic compounds(VOC) was investigated according to volume rates of indoor pot plant occupying living space. The potted Rhapis excelsa and Ardisia crenata were placed in mock-up designed like living space, occupying 1, 2, 3(%) of the mock-up volume, and toluene, benzene were mea

Removal of volatile organic compounds(VOC) was investigated according to volume rates of indoor pot plant occupying living space. The potted Rhapis excelsa and Ardisia crenata were placed in mock-up designed like living space, occupying 1, 2, 3(%) of the mock-up volume, and toluene, benzene were measured. Toluene removal by Rhapis excelsa and Ardisia crenata occupying 1, 2, 3(%) was 1.80, 2.30, 3.55(μg·m^-3),and 2.13, 2.43, 3.52(μg·m^-3), respectively. As pot plants occupied more space in the mock up, toluene and benzene removal by plants increased in a form with the formula of y = 2.328 + 0.750x + 0.384x², and y=-0.166 + 0.242x – 0.041x², respectively. As a result, toluene and benzene removal by plants increased as pot plants occupied more space, and the volume rates of indoor pot plants are able to determine using the formula of toluene, and benzene removal.
Phytoremediation of volatile organic compounds in indoor air involves both the plant and microbes in the media; however, removal rate is typically expressed on a leaf area basis. We determined the effect of root media volume on phytoremediation rate of volatile toluene and xylene to determine if there is a change in phytoremediation efficiency. Phytoremediation rate was calculated based on the aboveground space occupied by the plant and on the leaf area. Foliage plants of Fatsia japonica and Draceana fragrans ‘Massangeana’ were grown in different-sized pots (1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 L) that gave aerial plant to root zone volume ratios of 21:1, 21:2, 21:3, and 21:6. Total root volume and root fresh weight increased in D. fragrans with increasing media volume, whereas root density per unit of media volume decreased in both species. The efficiency of volatile toluene and xylene removal by the plants was increased as the root zone volume increased, whereas removal efficiency per unit media volume increased and then decreased. The highest volatile toluene and xylene removal efficiency was at a ratio of 21:3 (aerial plant : root zone volume) in F. japonica and 21:2 in D. fragrans. When phytoremediation efficiency was expressed on a leaf area basis, the phytoremediation rate for toluene and xylene increased progressively for both species with increasing media volume and as root volume increased. Calculating the amount of plant material needed within a home or office to obtain sufficient volatile organic compound (VOC) removal cannot be accurately predicted base solely on a leaf area (LA) or aboveground volume basis.
To establish green building utilizing functionalities of plants, optimum growth and development of indoor plants is needed for ornamental value and expression of functionality. However, light condition of interior space with only natural sunlight is lower than light compensation point in most ornamentals. Therefore, this study was carried out to select the optimum light sources for supplemental lighting (SL), and determine appropriate methods of indoor SL and light acclimation before introduction to interior space in various ornamental plants able to be used in interior gardens.
In three foliage plants planted in a vertical garden (biowall) without natural light, SL using white LEDs at 20μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD for ≥8 hours per day promoted growth and maintained ornamental value. SL with LEDs increased plant height, internode length, and chlorophyll content of Aridisia pusilla. In Hedera helix, internode length and number of nodes and leves increased with increasing SL duration from 0 to 12 hours. In Spathiphyllum wallisii, number of leaves and chlorophyll content were greater compared with control, and SL for ≥8 hours promoted flowering.
Light acclimation with shading in greenhouses and SL [≥50μmol·m^-2·s^-1 (3,700Lux)] in interior space can promote plant growth and biosynthesis of pigments by increased photosynthesis and decreased light compensation point in various foliages in interior gardens. In Nandina domestica, shading in greenhouse reduced leaf damage and increased plant volume. In addition, high light in interior space decreased chlorophyll content and leaf browning, and increased leaf redness. In Ficus benjamina 'Variegata', hight light in interior space increased plant height and volume, and number of branches.
Artificial light sources able to be used for plant growing in interior gardens have unique light quality, so plant responses to them are very different. In Petunia ×hybrida ‘Madness Rose’, mixed light with halogen lamp rich in far-red light promoted stem elongation and flowering but inhibited branching. On the other hand, fluorescent lamp or LEDs rich in red and blue light showed the complete opposite direction.
In conclusion, light acclimation by shading in greenhouse and interior SL is essential to continuously maintain proper growth and development and ornament value in interior plants. In addition, manipulation of light quality by selection of light sources can partly control plant morphology and flowering.
This research attempted to develop a functional plant pot that increases space efficiency and has an excellent design. In order to commercialize the functional plant pot, a customer design preference survey was conducted. Also, the application of the prototype product in actual residential environment was evaluated. The prototype product was made into two types, standing and hanging. Overall, the real application and design evaluation conducted after the 1 month of using the plant pots, the standing type proved to be superior in quality. Therefore, we may conclude that the standing type functional plant pot developed through this research is a design that can increase the special efficiency of vertical spaces in confined areas while being aesthetically pleasing to grow a plant in a residential environment.
Green wall technology is increasingly popular to improve comfort and air quality inside the building. However, existing green walls only involve mostly irrigation system and are costly. They need the improvement in multiple aspects for long-term maintenance. In this study, we aimed to develop a functional module for plant growth, spatiotemporal convenience, and space utilization in order to develop effective green wall technology. The module was manufactured and attached to a ‘Bio Green Wall System’ with air purification system. This 'Bio Green Wall System' gives the effect of air purification by the plant as well as air purification by the carbon rodble. The ventilation system provides oxygen to the root facing towards the back of the pot to allow the plant to grow healthy. The developed functional module supports growth of a variety of plants. The module can be installed in various indoor and outdoor locations, and allows quick and convenient replacement and plant maintenance. Concentration of TVOC and fine particles in the office decreased significantly with green wall compared to the control, and TVOC was significantly lower with the 'Bio Green Wall System' than with the conventional green wall system. HCHO was significantly reduced with the green walls, but there was no significant difference in CO₂.
This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of indoor air and the health-related parameters of indoor occupants (students and workers) with the consideration of indoor-plant placement in the newly-built school and office buildings. The chemicals of indoor environmental research were formaldehyde benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. The variation of SBS symptoms for residents living in the new apartments was measured by intervention. To evaluate the mental health variation according to whether intervention or not, we used a list of questions (Symptom Check List).
The present study confirmed the decrease of VOCs and formaldehyde a pot with indoor-plants. Indoor-plants affected the general air conditions, such as increasing relative humidity and decreasing carbon dioxide. The toxic chemical substances responsible for sick building syndrome (SBS) persisted at least one more years but were effectively decreased by ventilation. Indoor-plants facilitated the quantitative decrease of some of these chemical substances in indoor air. Residents showed improvements in thermal sensation during the period of ventilation, which was facilitated by the placement of indoor-plants.

목차 Contents

• 표 지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요 약 문 ... 3
• S U M M A R Y ... 5
• 목 차 ... 8
• 제1장 서 론 ... 9
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 11
• 제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 13
• <제1세부과제 : 그린빌딩의 식물 도입을 위한 적정방법 및 도입지수 개발> ... 13
• <제1협동과제 : 그린빌딩 구축을 위한 실내 광관리 기술 개발> ... 42
• <제2협동과제 : 실내공간 환경개선을 위한 식물활용 신기술의 현장적용> ... 88
• <제3협동과제 : 식물 도입에 따른 질병경감 및 건강증진 효과 구명> ... 116
• 제4장 연구개발 목표 달성도 및 대외 기여도 ... 143
• 제1절 목표대비 대외 달성도 ... 143
• 제2절 정량적 성과(논문게재, 특허출원, 기타) ... 145
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 146
• 제6장 연구개발 과정에서 수집한 해외 과학기술 정보 ... 147
• 제7장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 148
• 제8장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 149
• 제9장 참고문헌 ... 150
• 끝페이지 ... 161