초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
1. 고추의 물류공정 설계
고추의 물류특성을 분석하고 제한된 물류환경을 갖추고 있는 고추종합처리장에서 홍수출하 및 대량의 고추 원료 처리를 위한 물류 시스템을 설계하였다. 고추종합처리장의 물류공정은 고추종합처리장의 기간/일자별 물동량 및 이동 물동량 등 물류공정 분석을 통하여 설계되었으며, 고추종합처리장의 물류관리시스템의 관리 공정으로서 사용되었다.
2. RFID 시스템 개발 및 성능평가
안테나 및 리더기 선정, RFID 안테나 및 리더기의 위치 및 형태 설계, 이송장치 설계를 통하여 게이트형 RF

○ 연구결과
1. 고추의 물류공정 설계
고추의 물류특성을 분석하고 제한된 물류환경을 갖추고 있는 고추종합처리장에서 홍수출하 및 대량의 고추 원료 처리를 위한 물류 시스템을 설계하였다. 고추종합처리장의 물류공정은 고추종합처리장의 기간/일자별 물동량 및 이동 물동량 등 물류공정 분석을 통하여 설계되었으며, 고추종합처리장의 물류관리시스템의 관리 공정으로서 사용되었다.
2. RFID 시스템 개발 및 성능평가
안테나 및 리더기 선정, RFID 안테나 및 리더기의 위치 및 형태 설계, 이송장치 설계를 통하여 게이트형 RFID 시스템과 컨베이어형 RFID 시스템을 개발하여 시작기의 성능실험을 수행하였으며, 개발된 게이트형 RFID 시스템과 컨베이어형 RFID 시스템은 고추종합처리장의 물류관리시스템의 기본 처리 시스템으로 적용되었다.
3. RPPC 적용을 위한 RFID 활용기술 개발
고추의 물류 환경에 적용되는 RFID 기술의 최적조합을 찾아내는 실험을 통하여 고추의 물류에 적용 가능한 원천기술을 확립하였다. RFID 주파수 조사 및 주파수 선정, RPPC 적용 RFID 태그 선정, 태그 인식능력 프로그램 개발, 태그 인식능력 분석, 컨테이너 박스의 태그 및 박스 인식능력, 게이트형 RFID 시스템의 고추 실증 실험, 컨베이어형 RFID 시스템의 고추 실증실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 RFID 시스템은 UHF 대역의 908.5～914.0 MHz의 주파수와 EPC class1 Gen2 태그를 사용하는 것이 적정한 것으로 판단되었으며, 고추종합처리장의 물류 관리시스템에 적용되었다.
4. RFID 적용 RPPC 물류관리시스템 개발
고추종합처리장의 물류관리시스템은 RFID를 적용하여 농가에서 수매되는 고추의 입고 처리를 원활하게 하고, 저장되어 있는 재고 관리 및 건조기 투입의 효율성 향상을 위하여 설계되어 T으며, 시스템은 두개의 큰 모듈로 구성된다. 순회집하 모듈은 물류기기를 관리하고, 입고 시간, 입고량을 제어하기 위하여 구성되었으며, 고추종합처리장의 홍수 출하물량을 조절하기 위하여 차량을 순회를 조절하여 입고처리 가능 물량을 넘어서는 급작스런 물량의 입고를 방지하여 비교적 균일한 차량의 입고를 가능하게 한다. WMS 모듈은 입고, 분류, 선별, 재고, 이동, 투입 등 고추종합처리장으로 홍고추가 입고되는 순간부터 출하가 완료되는 순간까지 모든 재고의 물량 및 위치를 관리하며, 이 시스템은 고추종합처리장의 입고 현황, 입고대기 현황, 건조대기 물량, 저온저장고 적재 물량, 반가공품의 재고 현황 등을 실시간으로 파악하게 된다.

Abstract ▼

II. Objective
This research objectives to develop RFID technology to be applied to the logistics process for RPPC and to design an appropriate logistics system for RPPC by using RFID
III. Results and recommendations
1. Warehousing of pepper into RPPC is intensively conducted between late Au

II. Objective
This research objectives to develop RFID technology to be applied to the logistics process for RPPC and to design an appropriate logistics system for RPPC by using RFID
III. Results and recommendations
1. Warehousing of pepper into RPPC is intensively conducted between late August and mid-September for 60% of the whole goods warehoused. It has been learned that a logistics system is needed to treat 800,000 boxes of pepper a year sine the annual maximum drying capacity of RPPC is 12,000 tons. In this research, logistics processes in RPPC are designed and the management of logistics is planned over four steps: gathering of goods, weighing/recognizing information, classifying/storing, and putting goods into the dryer.
2. To construct a gate type RFID system, a structure 3.8 m high and 3.2 m wide was designed and then a reader and an antenna were affixed to the structure applicable to the logistics of agricultural products, which were transferred and stored in the unit of pallet. EPC Class1 Gen2 & ISO 18000 protocol was used as a reader, whose frequency might be UHF bandwidth 860 MHz to 960 MHz. The antenna should be Circular Polarized Antenna of 6 dBi Gain, and the frequency of the system should be managed according to the FHSS (frequency hopping spread spectrum) method. The permissible deviation of the frequency is no more than ${\pm}$2 ppm and the permissible frequency band width no more than 200 kHz. A masking method and an aloha method are applied to Anti-collision algorithm.
3. Radio waves coming out of the gate type RFID system are in the form of radial rays, and the waves get weaker in proportion to the distance between them and the antenna. In the RFID zone, calculations were made to determine the correlation between the strength of radio waves in each location and the tag responsibility. And the result shows that when there are two antennas, r or the correlation coefficient between the strength of radio waves and the tag responsibility is 0.665 (p=0.009), which is statistically significant. When there are three antennas, r is 0.711 (p=0.004), which means highly positive correlation.
4. A conveyer type RFID system was designed in such a way that the conveyer might measure the weight of each box and treat the information for the box at the same time. The conveyer is composed of inputting conveyer, weight measuring conveyer, discharging conveyer, and RFID system. Three location sensors are mounted on inputting conveyer and weight measuring conveyer, and the speed of the conveyers shall be controlled independently. At the lower end of weight measuring conveyer, there is affixed a load cell to measure the weight. Via Digital Weighing Controller, data is communicated between weight measuring conveyer and RFID system. As in the gate type RFID system, the RFID system has a reader which uses EPC Class1 Gen2 & ISO 18000 protocol.
5. It is found that when the conveyer type RFID system has one, two, three or four antennas, the tag reading rate is higher in a tag placed near to the inlet than in a tag placed near to the outlet. If there is one antenna and the strength of radio waves coming from a reader is more than 24 dBm, the reader recognizes all the tags within a 2 m radius.
6. 908.5-914.0 MHz was selected as the frequency of a reader applied to the RPPC logistics system. And a UHF band class1 Gen2 tag was chosen for the RPPC logistics system. With more antennas, the tag reading rate gets higher. In any distance, the rate reaches the highest point when there are four antennas. When there is one antenna in the distance of 1 or 2 m, the reading rate is 49.6% or 48.7%, which is higher than and significantly different from the rate in the distance of 0, 3, 4, 5 or 6 m.
7. When there are three antennas, the tag reading rate of an empty box (FN533, KCP) increases over time in each location. This implies that a collision took place at the initial step of recognition and the reading rate increases due to anti-collision algorithm as the recognition time passes by. When there are three antennas and a tag is affixed to the front and sides of a box, the tag reading rate in the distance of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m from the antenna is 95.0, 95.0, 95.0, 93.3, 91.7 and 91.7%, respectively and the box recognition rate is 100% in the distance of 1 - 4 m and 96.7% in the distance of 5 m. The reading rate of both a tag and a box gets higher as they are put near to the antenna of the system.
8. In a positive experiment on pepper with the gate type RFID system, evaluations were made to know the number of antennas, the location of tags affixed, the quantity of boxes loaded, the distance from the antenna, and the recognition performance over measuring time. When a tag was affixed on the front and sides of a box and there was one, two, three and four antennas, the tag reading rate was 30.0, 68.9, 71.7 and 72.8% respectively and the box recognition rate 44.5, 95.6, 95.6 and 97.8% respectively. With more than one antenna, there was no significant difference in the recognition rate and the box recognition rate. When there were four antennas, the tag recognition rate and the box recognition rate were the highest, marking 72.78% and 97.78% respectively. T-test was conducted to determine the reading rate when a tag was affixed to the front, a side or both sides of a box. The result shows that the tag reading rate was better when a tag was mounted on the front and a side of the box than when it was affixed on both sides, but there was no significant difference in the box recognition rate.
9. Next, the box recognition rate was determined in terms of the number of boxes loaded on a pallet and the distance from antennas. The more boxes were loaded, the less the reading rate was acquired. When 30 pepper container boxes were placed 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m away from three antennas, the box recognition rate was 93.3, 80.0, 66.7, 60.0, 43.3 and 40.0% respectively and with four antennas, the rate 93.3, 83.3, 73.3, 66.7, 63.3 and 46.7% respectively. This implies that the box recognition rate gets lower as a box is placed farther from an antenna and that the recognition capacity is better when there are four antennas than when there are three. Also, the reading rate tends to be higher in proportion to the measuring time.
10. In a positive experiment of pepper by using the conveyer type RFID system, recognition performance and others were evaluated in terms of the number of antennas, the direction of their inputting, and the angle of the antennas. The result shows that with one, two, three or four antennas the reading rate was 65.0, 98.3, 96.7 or 98.3% and that with more than one antenna there was no significant difference in the tag and box recognition rates. It is also learned that RPPC needs to use two antennas in a conveyer type RFID system, which treats the information on the weight and tag of pepper container boxes. The best recognition performance was achieved when an antenna was put at right angles to the moving direction of a box. It is because the conveyer type RFID system is designed in such a way as to recognize the formation on the weight and tag of a box at the same time. And when the angle of an antenna was $0^\circ$, the largest RFID radio wave zone was formed so that the weight of a box on the weight conveyer might be measured best.
11. This research develops a program to analyze the tag recognition capacity and get the information on the management of goods warehoused into RPPC, and sets up a logistics information management plan to apply RFID to each process in RPPC. For the management of logistics information in RPPC, the present author suggests models to treat the information on each of the processes of warehousing, storing at a warehouse, putting into a dryer, and discharging and to construct related systems. Moreover, a review was conducted to know the applicability of RFID technology to the logistics system in RPPC. The findings are that the RFID system performs the best when it uses the UHF band 908.5 - 914.0 MHz frequency and EPC class1 Gen2 tags and that an appropriate logistics system can be constructed when RPPC applies both the conveyer type RFID system and the gate type RFID system to each process.
12. The logistics system suggested in this research can be applied to general Agricultural Products Processing Centers if it is complemented in consideration of RPPC and the characteristics of the appropriate agricultural products. An agricultural products logistics system applied with RFID can automatically measure the weight of purchased agricultural products, manage the quality of them, and give account settlement services for them. The system is also expected to control an appropriate quantity of agricultural products preserved in cold stores for a specific period, degree, and producer; save costs though reducing waiting time for warehousing and shipping and though curtailing manpower; and lift agricultural competitiveness through enhancing productivity.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 11
• 목차 ... 19
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 21
• 제 1 절 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성 ... 21
• 제 2 절 연구내용 ... 25
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 29
• 제 1 절 RFID 기술개발 현황 ... 29
• 제 2 절 농식품 적용 RFID 기술 현황 ... 44
• 제 3 절 물류관리시스템 RFID 적용 현황 ... 50
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 55
• 제 1 절 고추의 물류특성 분석 및 물류공정 설계 ... 55
• 1. 고추종합처리장의 물동량 및 물류공정 분석 ... 55
• 2. 고추종합처리장 물류공정 설계 ... 58
• 제 2 절 RFID 시작기 개발 및 시스템 설계 ... 62
• 1. 게이트형 RFID 시스템 ... 62
• 2. 컨베이어형 RFID 시스템 ... 67
• 제 3 절 RPPC 적용을 위한 RFID 활용기술 개발 ... 73
• 1. RFID 주파수 조사 및 주파수 선정 ... 73
• 2. RPPC 적용 RFID 태그 선정 ... 77
• 3. 태그 인식능력 분석 프로그램 개발 ... 77
• 4. RFID 시스템 태그 인식능력 ... 80
• 5. 컨테이너 박스의 태그 및 박스 인식능력 ... 85
• 6. 게이트형 RFID 시스템 고추 실증 실험 ... 91
• 7. 컨베이어형 RFID 시스템 고추 실증 실험 ... 98
• 8. RPPC 물류관리시스템의 RFID 적용성 ... 101
• 제 4 절 물류관리를 위한 정보관리 기술 ... 104
• 1. RPPC 물류관리 정보 프로그램 개발 ... 104
• 2. RFID 적용 고추종합처리장의 물류관리시스템 ... 107
• 3. 고추종합처리장의 공정별 RFID 적용 물류정보관리 계획 ... 111
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야 기여도 ... 117
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 119
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술 정보 ... 121
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 123
• 끝페이지 ... 125