초록

○ 연구결과
1. 야계 및 호안의 특성에 따라 4개의 식생전석, 식생자연석, 식생깬돌, 식생블록 모델을 제시하였다..
2. 유역특성 및 침식특성 그리고 계류수의 수질을 분석한 결과, 계류수질 특성에 따른 수질도를 지형도에 제작 완성하였다
3. 사 사방공작물의 유형에 관계없이 비영향권에서는 ‘교란없음’ 또는 ‘약간 교란’으로 평가되었으나 영향권에서는 ‘다소 교란’ 및 ‘심한 교란’ 등으로 평가되어 사방공작물에 의한 서식처의 물리적인 교란이 다소 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract ▼

1. Model development for nature-befitting ecological revetment of torrential streams
1) Status of wild stream revetment and characteristical analysis for torrential streams
Watershed characteristics around An-yang river, Kyunggi Province has been investigated and according to characteristic an

1. Model development for nature-befitting ecological revetment of torrential streams
1) Status of wild stream revetment and characteristical analysis for torrential streams
Watershed characteristics around An-yang river, Kyunggi Province has been investigated and according to characteristic analysis, this river was devided into 6 upper watersheds (Sam-sung river, Sammak river, Suam river, Hogye river, Dangjung river and Bakdal river). As a result of such investigation, average water gradient of Samsung, Sammak, Suam rivers contaning considerable torrential valleys reveals 7-9%, showing more rapid gradients than other areas, comparatively. Vegetation density of hillside of these areas is thick and soil condition is easily erosional and thus possibility of being developed to torrential streams is high. These areas are consequently judged to be torrential stream-abundant areas.
According to analysis as per watershed classification, sediment flowing sections of Samsung, Sammak and Suam rivers is 150-80m, Chunggye river 200-80m, respectively. Sediment piling section of Samsung, Sammak and Suam rivers are thought to be below 80m equally and as a whole Anyang river, sediment generation section is judged to be over 200m, sediment flowing section 200-80m, sediment piling section below 80m. When considering this section classification in terms of erosion control work, hillside and valley works are necessary in the sediment generation sections and erosion control works in the sediment flowing, piling sections.
Subjected sections as a model case is 3-way junction, Shinhyuneub, Geoje City and its watershed space is 72ha. Adopting average current speed of 9.44m/sec, flux 18m3/sec. max. water volume 112.5mm, outflow coefficient 0.8, imagined max. flooding volume is calculated to be 77.86m3/sec. And 조도coefficient of 0.0024 and 0.00006 which is based on stonewall waterway and waterway value is employed.
2) Technique development for ecological revetment of torrential streams As time passes, wild stream revetment works need nature-befitting revetment facilities in order to ensure conservation of natural ecological spheres and environmental creation and rather than simple stonewalling works, vegetation-stone masonry works become necessary to be adopted. As per characteristics of wild stream and revetment, 4 kinds of models including vegetation-stone masonry, vegetation-riprap masonry, vegetation-quarry masonry and vegetation-block masonry are suggested, respectively.
For vegetation-stone masonry and vegetation-riprap masonry revetment, nearby crushed quarry stones are used and stone-masonry revetment in the narrow streams may create serious problems owing to section space reduction and therefore when applying stone-masonry revetment, water flowing capabilities of hillside wild streams will be considered. Vegetation-quarry stone revetment works shall be carried out in the area as a part of revetment where rapid current is expected and revetment protection is required. In order to ensure safety, suitable protection methods for the lower part are required. After completion, through continuous maintenance and repairs (relocation of stone-masonry and washing away, etc.), rapid collapse of revetment should be avoided in advance.
Vegetation-block masonry shall be carried out with planting between each blocks to avoid wildlife habitation and digging and this method could be widely used in river revetment, slope protection and etc. and after completion, nature-befitting scenery could be created.
Wild stream erosion control works entails problems in terms of various technical, administrative and managerial aspects and as a result of these problem analysis, technical development for vegetational revetment and erosion control works are required to be made in order to enhance environmental functions like ecological spheres and scenery and comprehensive standard suggestion and monitoring through this analysis are required.
In terms of administration and management, positive support on the governmental level, cooperation among the departments concerned and continuous resources provisions are required.
3) Functional assessment of ecological revetment and revegetation revetment Functional assessment of ecological revetment is based on total 6 items including structural stability, vegetation belt creation effect, scenery improvement, wildlife habitation creation, site application and economy. Assessment marking system is based on 5 grades. Classified categories spread over from min. 1 through max. 5 and 1st grade is 1-1.8, 2nd grade 1.9-2.6, 3rd 2.7-3.4, 4th 3.5-4.2 and 5th 4.3-5, respectively. In case of vegetation-block masonry that received 1st grade, it received 2 points in vegetation creation effect, each 1 point in other items and it was assessed as the best ecological revetment. In case of vegetation-stone masonry, it was highly assessed in terms of structural stability, scenery improvement and economy. In case of natural stone vegetation revetment and vegetation-quarry revetment, assessment marks are comparatively low owing to low protection ratio resulting from vegetation-belt creation between natural stones and crushed stones in terms of vegetation creation effects but in terms of economy, both methods received excellent marks. Assessment marks of vegetation revetment is 1.7 for vegetation-stone masonry, 2.5 for vegetation-natural stone revetment, 2.5 for vegetation-quarry stone revetment, 1.2 for vegetation-block masonry revetment, respectively and vegetation-stone masonry revetment and vegetation-block masonry revetment received 1st grade, vegetation-natural stone revetment and vegetation-quarry stone revetment 2nd grade. All four methods are assessed as very excellent methods.
Monitoring is required for proving scheduled results, wild stream project publicity, ground for subjected area adaptation, enhancement of technical achievement posibilities for future projects and for site recording of project process and based on this, continuous management can be carried out. And according to each characteristics of facilities or ecological spheres, managerial method could be adopted classified by maintenance, adjustment and adaptation.
2. Assessment of effects of erosion control work on stream ecosystem
Samples of benthic macroinvertebrates, fish, and frogs were taken to understand effects of erosion control structures on montane streams in Mt.
Bukhan National Park. Furthermore bioassessment metrics were derived and tested for their ability of detecting physical disturbances.
Erosion control structures which transversely block stream ecosystems had great effects on not only landscape view but biodiversity and abundances of aquatic animals. The major physical alterations caused by erosion control structures were flattening of streambed, formation of pools, changing of flux and water velocity, and simplification of substrates. These physical disturbances indeed affected habitats of aquatic animals, especially on benthic macroinvertebrates. Both species and individual numbers of benthic macroinvertebrates of affected points around structures were fewer than those of non-affected points. Besides feeding and behavior habits of benthic macroinvertebrates were quite different between affected and non-affected points.
Those artificial structures also interrupted migration ability of fish and frogs between upstream and downstream, depending on type, elevation, and scale of structures.
The introduction of bioassessment metrics indicate the development of an empirical relationship between habitat quality and biological condition. We derive some metrics based on RBPs(Rapid Bioassessment Protocols) of U.S.EPA, using our results of benthic macroinvertebrates. After application of bioassessment the affected points around artificial structures were ranked from moderately impaired to severely impaired biological condition, and non-affected points from nonimpaired to slightly impaired. Although there is no difference of water quality between affected and non-affected points, affected points were severely disturbed by physical alterations. Therefore this bioassessment metrics were very available and applicable to understanding the effects of erosion control work on stream ecosystems.
3. The type of each skill and analysis of influences for conservation of stream water quality of structure for erosion control in torrent
1) The analysis and estimation of each skill of structure for erosion control in torrent
This study was conducted to analyse and estimate of each skill was affected by the of structure for erosion control in torrent along the stream valley in Bughansan National Park. Thirty-seven kinds of artificial structures were found from 35 streams in the park. Those of artifical structures were forest conservation dam, check dam, stream grade stabilization structures, stream bed rocks, revetment, drain, water collecting well, fall works, water channel works in valley, etc. To restore stream valley ecosystem, we should establish restoration plans to keep the original shape of stream. It is necessary to use environmentally sound materials with conservation of valley stability. Valley construction for erosion control works should be evaluated continuously based on concepts of conservation and development of stream valley ecology. It is categorized in point of the important of class of stream valley conservation ahead planning and constructure. We suggest that the development of stream valley construction needs to prevent mass movement of soil sediments. In addition, it is established the basal strategy to protect macro and micro aquatic organisms in stream valley ecosystem.
2) The type of each skill and analysis of structure for erosion control in torrent
Questionnaire survey from 101 visitors and 77 specialists was carried out to establish the management plan on landscapes of the artificial structure constructed in valley within Bughansan National Park. When comparison was made between ground sill work structure and valley landscape, visitor group responded to the highest scores in valley landscape after planting of vine species in the bottom of the constructure, while specialist group responded to valley landscape after the removal of the constructure. When it made a comparison between revetment work constructure and valley landscape, visitor group responded to highest scores in valley landscape after planting of vine species in the top of the constructure, while specialist group responded to valley landscape after replacing concrete revetment by stone revetment constructure. When it made a comparison between fall work constructure and valley landscape, both groups responded to the highest scores in valley landscape after the removal of the constructure. According to the valley landscape analysis, artificial constructures built in water channel should be matched to adjacent landscape with the removal of concrete constructure. The slope of water channel should be considered to build fall work constructure. A questionnaire survey from 200 visitors and 100 residents was carried out to establish the management plan of the artificial structures constructed in valley within Bughansan National Park.
According to the result of the survey, respondents realized that the valley ecosystem could be damaged by artificial structures, but not pollutants of stream water. About 60% of the respondents felt uncomfortable by artificial cement constructures and about 22% was concerned about negative effect of valley ecosystem by the constructures. The results categorized by management body, management system and management cost indicate that the artificial constructures should be managed in terms of the safety and conservation of valley ecosystem. In order to change the recent direction of the forest conservation and erosion control projects which are focused on the restoration of stream side ecology, we have to quit the past erosion control policy such as water control purpose, and establish new plans regarding on the forest conservation and erosion control which is considered the regional environmental restoration of watershed.
3) The analysis of stream water quality for erosion control in torrent This research was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes in physicochemical characteristics of stream water at the four points in the northeastern part of the Puk'ansan National Park from March of 2006 to November of 2006. The average pH of stream water was 6.50(6.03～6.61) which indicated that the water quality could be categorized in the first class for the quality of river water quality standard. The average electrical conductivity of stream water was 59.4(55.3～69.3)uS/cm. The amount of anion(Cl^-, NO₃ ^-, SO₄^2-) which indicates the pollution index in downstream was higher than that in upstream. In addition, the seasonal impacts of pollution on stream water were higher in Autumn than in Spring or Summer. To prevent the pollution of stream water in the northeastern part of Mt. Bughansan National Park, it is recommended that the number of visitors in the park should be managed and rehabilitated rapidly by measure to eco-friendly during the spring season. The results of this study were summarized as follows; During the investigation period, the amounts of sediment caused by solifluction on stream side slopes in the downstream were 1.3～2.6 times as large as those in the upstream. The pH of sediment caused by solifluction was a potential influence on the pH of stream water. The electrical conductivity and the amount of anion(Cl^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-) in downstream were higher than those in upstream. As a result of regression analyses, the linear and exponential equation of EC and water quantity was EC=607.74 x stream water quantity 60.328(R² = 0.94).

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 17
• CONTENTS ... 24
• 목차 ... 27
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 29
• 제1절 연구개발의 목적 ... 30
• 제2절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 31
• 1. 기술적 측면 ... 32
• 2. 경제.산업적 측면 ... 32
• 3. 사회.문화적 측면 ... 33
• 제3절 연구개발의 범위 ... 33
• 1. 황폐계류의 자연친화적 생태호안 모델 개발 ... 34
• 2. 야계사방사업이 계곡생태계에 미치는 영향 평가 ... 35
• 3. 야계사방공작물의 기능별 유형화 및 수질보전 영향 분석 ... 36
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 36
• 제1절 국외의 자연친화적인 치산사방구조물의 설치 ... 37
• 제2절 국내.외의 생물학적 평가 ... 39
• 제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 48
• 제1절 황폐계류의 자연친화적 생태호안 모델 개발 ... 48
• 1. 야계사방 현황 및 황폐계류의 특성 분석 ... 48
• 2. 황폐계류의 행태호안기법 개발 ... 85
• 3. 생태호안의 호안녹화 및 기능평가 ... 104
• 제2절 야계사방사업이 계곡생태계에 미치는 영향 평가 ... 148
• 1. 사방공작물이 계곡생태계에 미치는 영향 분석 ... 148
• 2. 생물학적 평가기법의 개발 ... 217
• 3. 야계사방공작물의 영향 및 개선방향 ... 243
• 제3절 야계사방공작물의 기능별 유형화 및 계류수질영향 분석 ... 248
• 1. 야계사방공작물의 기능 분석 및 평가 ... 248
• 2. 야계사방공작물의 기능별 유형화 ... 267
• 3. 야계사방사업에 의한 계류수질 평가 ... 298
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 339
• 제1절 황폐계류의 자연친화적 생태호안 모델 개발 ... 339
• 제2절 야계사방사업이 계곡생태계에 미치는 영향 평가 ... 340
• 제3절 야계사방공작물의 기능별 유형화 및 수질보전 영향 분석 ... 342
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 343
• 1. 기술적 측면 ... 343
• 2. 경제.산업적 측면 ... 343
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 344
• 1절. 황폐계류의 자연친화적 생태호안 모델 개발 ... 344
• 2절. 야계사방사업이 계곡생태계에 미치는 영향 ... 348
• 3절. 야계사방공작물의 기능별 유형화 및 수질보전 영향 분석 ... 367
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 371
• 끝페이지 ... 391