초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
본 연구에서는 Rhizoctonia solani에 의한 결구상추 밑둥썩음병의 생물학적 방제에 우수길항균으로 확인된 바 있는 B. amyloliquefaciens A-7 균주와 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 의한 결구상추 균핵병의 길항세균인 Stenotrophomonas maltophila BW-13 균주 및 Pseudomonas aruginosa LY-11 균주로 미생물 제제 및 종자처리제를 개발하고 이들의 방제 효과를 구명하였다. 살균제 생물농약 개발의 핵심기술인 전달매체의 개발과 길항미생물을 고

○ 연구결과
본 연구에서는 Rhizoctonia solani에 의한 결구상추 밑둥썩음병의 생물학적 방제에 우수길항균으로 확인된 바 있는 B. amyloliquefaciens A-7 균주와 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 의한 결구상추 균핵병의 길항세균인 Stenotrophomonas maltophila BW-13 균주 및 Pseudomonas aruginosa LY-11 균주로 미생물 제제 및 종자처리제를 개발하고 이들의 방제 효과를 구명하였다. 살균제 생물농약 개발의 핵심기술인 전달매체의 개발과 길항미생물을 고정화 공정 단계를 거쳐 미생물농약을 개발하였는데, 발효공정에서는 대량배양용배지로 지금까지 알려져 않은 변성전분(BW13-A제제)과 식물성오일(A7A제제)을 선발하여 ml당 각각 4.35x10²² cfu/ml, 73x10¹⁷ cfu/ml의 세균 세포수를 생산 가능케 하였을 뿐만 아니라, 가격이 저렴하여 산업화 또는 환경적인 측면에서 산업부산물을 이용한 유용 발효법으로 개발되었다.
또한, 전달매체개발공정에서 생분해성, 전착성 그리고 영양원의 특성을 지닌 천연담체인 전분, 각종 식물성 오일, 설탕 등으로 제형화하였는데, 이들은 온도, 습도에 따른 저장안정성과 경시적 활성검정에서도 매우 안정하여 제제의 변성과 제제내 세포수 감소가 적어 생태계에 적용 가능한 우수한 살균제로 증명되었다. 이들의 활성검정은 폿트, 온실 그리고 자연병발생 포장에서 실증 검정되었고, 더불어 종자코팅 기술 개발에도 적용되어 특허출원 준비에 있다.

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results and proposal practical use of research
《 Objective 1 》
Development of microbial pesticides to control crisphead
lettuce bottom rot
1. Isolation and Identification of pathogen and antagonistic bacteria
Occurrence of crisphead lettuce bottom rot
The occurrence of crisphead

Ⅳ. Results and proposal practical use of research
《 Objective 1 》
Development of microbial pesticides to control crisphead
lettuce bottom rot
1. Isolation and Identification of pathogen and antagonistic bacteria
Occurrence of crisphead lettuce bottom rot
The occurrence of crisphead lettuce bottom rot at Sinban-Ri, Burim-Myeon,
Euryeong-Gun of Gyung-Sang Namdo was investigated from October of 2003 to
November of the same year. The ratio of average number of diseased plants was
5.3%.
The symptoms of the crisphead lettuce bottom rot include round
water-soaking light brown or brown spots on the crown of the plant. When disease
became severe, the symptoms were enlarged as irregular lesions and plant leaves
became rotten and finally dead as brown blight tissue. The subsequent infection of
the plant by sclerotinia and gray mold caused the dramatic yield loss on the
crisphead lettuce.
Identification of a causative pathogen
The candidate causative fungi were isolated from the diseased plant tissues
and tested for the virulence on the healthy crisphead lettuce. One of the isolate,
PY-1, showed the original bottom rot symptom and were identified as Rhizoctonia.
solani AG-1 (IB).
Pathogenicity test
For the pathogenicity test, triturated mycelia-inoculum(A550=1.0) of PY-1
isolate was selected as the most effective inoculum showing disease incidence of
51.1% for the mycelial inoculation at pot assay. Otherwise, WSRP media-inoculum
(wheat bran, sawdust, rice bran, PDB media) of PY-1 isolate was effectual inoculum
showing disease incidence of 61.6% for soil inoculation at the plastic house.
Selection of potential biocontrol agents
A total of 702 bacterial antagonists were isolated from crisphead lettuce plant
rhizosphere and tested for in vitro antifungal activity against R. solani PY-1. Among
initially selected 7 isolates, an isolate BW-13 exhibited the excellent disease suppression
activity on seedlings and adult plants of crisphead lettuce. Growth inhibition zone assay
against the fungal pathogen also allowed us to select another antagonist LY-11. Plant
growth promotion activity was investigated using seedlings of the crisphead lettuce and
the isolate LY-11 exhibited the good plant growth promotion activity such as the
increase of root length, fresh weight and dry weight. Therefore, the BW-13 and the
LY-11 were selected to estimate the potential as microbial pesticide for foliar spray on
plants and seed-coating strain of crisphead lettuce seeds, respectively.
Identification of antagonistic microorganism
Based on microscopy, biochemical test and 16S rRNA gene analysis, BW-13
and LY-11 were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BW-13 and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa LY-11, respectively.
2. Development of biofungicide for bottom rot disease
Optimum culture condition of antagonistic bacteria BW-13
The highest cell density of A550=1.6 was obtained by 20 hr cultivation of S.
maltophilia BW-13 and the density was maintained until 48 hr cultivation without signicant decrease of the OD. The optimum temperature and pH range for the
bacterial growth was 35℃ and pH 6～8, respectively.
In flask cultivation experiment
Measurement of bacterial density and assay of antagonistic activity of
bacterial culture broth allowed us to select the best carbon source and nitrogen
source for mass production of antifungal compounds from the BW-13 strain.
Dough-conditioner and yeast extract were finally selected as the best carbon and
nitrogen source, respectively. However, since dough-conditioner itself contained
12% of nitrogen compounds, we used dough-conditioner as a major nutrient for
bacterial fermentation culture instead of addition of yeast extract.
Establishment of mass-production of antifungal compounds
Therefore, we used a basal salt medium with 3% dough-conditioner for
fermentation broth. The bacterial density after 48 hr and 72 hr fermentation under
the defined temperature and pH condition was exceptionally high upto approximately
4.4×10²² cfu/ml and 3.1×10²² cfu/ml, respectively. The addition of 1% of sucrose in the dough-conditioner media did not make a difference in the bacterial density.
Formulation of BW-13 for foliar spray
Various additives such as starches were supplemented into the 4 liter fermentation culture of S. maltophilia BW-13 grown under the defined condition.
Among 10 different formulations tested, a liquid formulation using suncreamy as an additive exhibited the excellent disease control activity without the toxicity problem.
Other formulations also showed good disease control activity but residual marks on the sparyed leaves.
3. Biological control effect of biofungicides
Pot assay at growth chamber
Ten different formulations of BW-13 strain were evaluated for disease control activity against crisphead lettuce bottom rot in pots of plastic house.
Formulations such as BW13-A, BW13-I and BW13-H exhibited disease control value of 76.6, 75.6, 71.8%, respectively. This control value was significantly higher than that of chemical fungicide Pencycuron with 50.6% of disease control value.
Since BW-13H showed residual marks on treated leaves. liguid formulation BW13-A and BW13-I were finally selected as microbial pesticide to control the crisphead lettuce bottom rot and further tested in platic house.
Pot assay at a plastic house
The BW13-A and BW13-I exhibited disease control value of 75.7% and 69.8% in plastic house experiment, respectively, while chemical fungicide showed 56.3% disease control value. Therefore, BW13-A was finally selected as a microbial pesticide to control the crisphead lettuce bottom rot.
Storage stability of BW13-A formulation on foliar leaves
Storage of BW13-A at 4℃ and room temperature did not significantly affect the number of viable bacteria during 6 months. The number of bacteria was maintained at the level of 1.8×10¹⁴ cfu/ml (initial), 1.2x10¹³ cfu/ml (4℃) and 1.6x10¹³ cfu/ml (room temperature). Therefore, BW13-A formulation is remarkably stable irrespective of storage temperature.
4. Seed-coating technique for crisphead lettuce bottom rot and its biological control effects
Establishment of seed-coating by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LY-11 Seed coating of BW-13 was performed with various coating materials including adhesives, various salt and gelling materials under various culture conditions. Bacterial culture condition did not affect the activity for seed coating and plant growth promotion activity. Although modified starch supergel was selected as a good coating material, seed germination was not satisfactory.
Seed coating of crisphead lettuce seeds with Pseudomonas aruginosa LY-11 was performed using carrier AF300, clay, zeosil, diatomaceous earth 325 with various concentrations. Seed germination ratio was 78.9, 71.1% according to carriers but the germination ratio was lower than non-coated seeds. The seed coating process using the material might make a damage on crisphead lettuce seeds.
Alginate coating-seed technique by P. aeruginosa LY-11
Seed coating of crisphead lettuce seeds with Pseudomonas aruginosa LY-11 was performed with more mild materials such as sodium alginate. The alginate seed coating method was easy and showed good seed germination.
Therefore, alginate coating of the seeds was evaluated for disease control activity and plant growth promotion.
Effect of alginate coating to control the crisphead lettuce bottom rot Suppression of seedling damping off by R. solani in crisphead lettuce was investigated with alginate coating seeds with the LY-11 strain and without the strain in plugpots by artificial inoculation of the pathogen. Disease severity from coating seeds with bacteria was 28.9% and that from uncoated seeds was 97.7%. Thus, disease control value by alginate seed coating with LY-11 strain was 70.4%.
Similarly, disease control value of alginate seed coating with LY-11 strain against bottom rot was 85.4%, indicating the excellent seed coating effect of alginate with the strain LY-11.
Colonization of LY-11 from alginate coated seeds on roots and leaves of crisphead lettuce Colonization of crisphead lettuce plant by LY-11 strain from the alginate coated seeds was estimated from various plant parts. The cfu/g of plant tissues were estimated as 6.8×10⁷ and 1.3×10⁷ in leaves and shoots of crisphead lettuce plant and was 1.1×10⁶ at the root tips. The density of bacteria in shoot tips or tip of the leave were not detectable. The similar colonization of the bacteria were observed from the 30-days old adult plants and the 50-days old adult plants. The cfu/g of plant tissues in adult plant root tips was maintained as 3.1x10⁶ and 1.8 x 10⁵.
Stability of formulations and coated seeds.
Storage of alginate coated seeds of crisphead lettuce above 15℃ induced the seed germination and caused seed drying subsequently reducing seed germination ratio. Since unsealed storage of alginate coated seeds at 4℃ also caused seed drying, storage of the seeds at 4℃ by sealing was the best to maintain the seed viability. Storage of the seeds at the defined conditions maintained the stable bacterial viability upto 7 days from 4.5×107 cfu/ml of bacteria (initial) to 2.0×107 cfu/ml of bacteria (7 days). The number of viable bacteria was not decreased upto 50 days storage at the defined condition.
《Objective 2》
Development of microbial pesticides to control crisphead lettuce sclerotinia rot
1. Isolation and Identification of pathogen and antagonistic bacteria Occurrence of crisphead lettuce sclerotinia rot
The crisphead lettuce sclerotinia rot at Sinban-Ri, Burim-Myeon, Euryeong-Gun of Gyung-Sang Namdo was significantly occurred from January of 2003 to May of the same year. The ratio of average number of diseased plants were 21.9%. The same disease was also occurred from November of 2003 to April of 2004. The symptoms of the crisphead lettuce sclerotinia rot include irregular water-soaking brown lesions on the crown of the plant and progressed into leaves.
When disease became severe, the leaves became rotten and finally dead as brown blight tissue. Fungal mycelia and sclerotium were observed from the diseased tissues. The subsequent infection of the plant by gray mold caused the dramatic yield loss on the crisphead lettuce.
Identification of a causative pathogen
A total of 140 isolates of the candidate causative fungi were isolated from the diseased plant tissues and 80 of them were identified as Sclerotina sclerotiorum. One of the isolate YR-1 with the highest pathogenicity on crisphead lettuce plant was selected and described in detail morphologically and culturally in this report.
Pathogenicity test
The pathogenicity test of the isolated strain YR-1 was performed by the defined condition in this report. the most suitable inoculum quantity of YR-1 strain was selected as the mycelial suspension of A550=0.8, 40 ml showing disease incidence of 94% at the whole plant.
Identification of antagonistic microorganism
A total of 702 bacterial antagonists were isolated from crisphead lettuce plant rhizosphere and tested for in vitro antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum YR-1.
Among initially selected 6 isolates, A-7 and Pro-EB-15 exhibited the excellent disease suppression activity (91% and 90.1%, respectively) on seedlings and adult plants of
crisphead lettuce. Since A-7 strain showed stable activity, the A-7 was finally selected to estimate the potential as microbial pesticide to control crisphead lettuce sclerotina rot.
Based on microscopy, biochemical test and molecular analysis of 16S rRNA gene and gyrA gene, the isolate A-7 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
2. Development of biofungicide for Sclerotinia rot
Optimum culture condition of antagonistic bacteria A-7
The highest cell density of OD 1.0 was obtained by 14 hr cultivation of B. amyloliquefaciens A-7 and the density was reduced dramatically 24 hr later. The optimum temperature and pH range for the bacterial growth was 25℃ and pH 6～7, respectively.
In flask cultivation experiment
In flask cultivation experiment, measurement of bacterial density and assay of antagonistic activity of bacterial culture broth allowed us to select the best carbon source and nitrogen source for mass production of antifungal compounds from the BW-13 strain. Using the Bacillus basal medium with 0.5% of yeast extract and NH₄NO₃, corn oil and yeast extract were finally selected as the best carbon and nitrogen source. Addition of other carbon sources for enhancing antifungal activity production in culture media did not significantly increase the antifungal activity.
Establishment of mass-production of antifungal compounds
Therefore, we defined the optimum media for A-7 mass cultivation with the following ingredients: K₂HPO₄ 0.05%, MgSO₄․7H₂O 0.05%, MnCl₂․4H₂O, 0.0005%, CaCl₂․2H₂O 0.0005%, FeSO₄ 0.0025%, corn oil 3.0% and yeast extract 0.5%. a basal salt medium with 3% dough-conditioner for fermentation broth. The A-7 bacterial density after 72 hr and 96 hr fermentation culture under the defined media, temperature and pH condition was exceptionally high up to approximately 56×10¹⁷ and 73×10¹⁷ cfu/㎖, respectively. The antifungal activity of the fermentation culture against S. sclerotiorum YR-1 was remarkably high with fungal growth inhibition zone of 15 mm.
Formulation of A-7 for foliar spray
Various additives and carriers such as starches, suncreamy, vegetable oils and cereal oils were supplemented into the 4 liter fermentation culture of B. amyloliquefaciens A-7 grown under the defined condition. Among 24 different formulations tested, a wettable powder formulation and a liquid formulation exhibited the excellent disease control activity without the toxicity problem. Some formulations also showed good disease control activity but residual marks on the sparyed leaves.
3. Biological control effect of biofungicides
Pot assay at a growth chamber
Twenty four different formulations of A-7 strain were generated through 6 round of formulation process and evaluated for disease control activity against crisphead lettuce sclerotinia rot in pots of a growth chamber. Formulations such as A7-2 and A7-A exhibited disease control value of 90.2 and 83.1%, respectively.
This control value was not significantly lower than that of chemical fungicide Benomyl with 95.86% of disease control value. In conclusion, liquid formulation A7-2 and wettable powder formulation A7-A were finally selected as candidate microbial pesticides to control the crisphead lettuce sclerotinia rot and further tested in platic house.
Pot assay at a plastic house
The A7-2 and A7-A exhibited disease control value of 80.5% and 79.1% in plastic house experiment, respectively, while chemical fungicide Benomyl showed 75.2% disease control value. Both A7-2 and A7-A application showed significantly higher disease control value than Benomyl application.
Synergy effect of A7-2 and BW-13A formulations for bottom rot and sclerotinia rot at pot assay in a plastic house
Simultaneous application of A7-2 and BW-13A in crisphead lettuce plant grown in pots in plastic house showed lowere disease control value of 70.6% against crisphead lettuce bottom rot and sclerotinia rot compared to A7-2 single application (81.3%). However, single application of BW13-A did not show effective disease control activity against two diseases. Therefore, A7-2 alone can be applied to control both crisphead lettuce bottom rot and sclerotinia rot.
Field trials in production condition.
Trial 1 in Euryeong: Application of 100-fold diluted A7-2, A7-A and Benomyl in production condition of crisphead lettuce showed similar disease control value of 84.7%, 84.3% and 87.0%, respectively. Dilution of A7-2 to 500-fold exhibited 70.3% disease control value. The A7-2 formulation turned out to be excellent microbial pesticide.
Trial 2 in Kimhae (Feb. 2004): Natural occurrence of sclerotinia rot of crisphead lettuce in Kimhae was observed and different dilution effect of A7-2 was investigated in the production condition. Treatment of the 100-fold dilution of A7-2,
500-fold dilution of A7-2 and Benomyl showed 76.7%, 60.7% and 75% of sclerotinia rot control value. The A7-2 formulation was the desirable microbial pesticide at 100-fold dilution treatment.
Stability of the selected microbial pesticide.
The rifampicin resistant A7 mutant was generated by spontaneous mutation and named as A7R. The A7R strain was used to evaluate the bacterial viability in lettuce rhizosphere over time. The number of A7R in rhizosphere, on lettuce plant leave and in plant crown was stably maintained up to 2.8x10⁹ , 1.4x10⁹, 6.8x10⁹ cfu/ml, respectively until 21 days.
Storage stability assay of BW13-A formulation on foliar leaves
Storage of both A7-2 and A7-A at 4℃ and room temperature did not make significant difference on bacterial survival. Bacterial density of both liquid formulation A7-2 and wettable powder formulation A7-A stored at 4℃ and room temperature was stable over 1 year 8 month. In addition, antifungal activity against
S. sclerotiorum was stably retained in both A7-2 and A7-A.

목차 Contents

• 제출문 ... 1
• 요약문 ... 2
• SUMMARY ... 16
• CONTENTS ... 28
• 목차 ... 33
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 38
• 제1절 연구개발의 목적과 필요성 ... 38
• 1. 연구의 배경 ... 38
• 2. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 40
• 제2절 연구개발 내용 및 범위 ... 44
• 1. 최종연구목표 ... 44
• 2. 연구개발의 내용 및 범위 ... 45
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 46
• 제1절 국내외 관련기술의 현황과 문제점 ... 46
• 1. 외국에서의 개발현황 ... 46
• 2. 국내에서의 개발 현황 ... 49
• 3. 국내의 특허관련 동향 ... 53
• 4. 관련기술 문제점 ... 55
• 5 앞으로의 전망 ... 56
• 6. 기술도입의 타당성 ... 57
• 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 58
• 제 1 연구 목표 : 결구상추 밑둥썩음병 방제용 미생물농약 개발 ... 58
• 제1절 서 론 ... 58
• 제2절 유용미생물의 탐색 및 동정 ... 63
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 63
• 2. 연구 결과 ... 69
• 가. 밑둥썩음병 발생과 병원균 분리 및 동정 ... 69
• 나. 병원성 검정 ... 73
• 다. 우수길항균 선발 ... 76
• 라. 길항미생물의 혼합처리에 의한 방제효과 증진 검정 ... 82
• 마. 선발 길항 세균의 동정 ... 85
• 제3절 밑둥썩음병 방제용 엽면살포제 미생물농약 제조기술확립 ... 90
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 90
• 2. 연구결과 ... 93
• 가. S. maltophilia BW-13 균주의 최적배양조건 확립 ... 93
• 1) 삼각플라스크배양 ... 93
• 2) 발효기 배양 ... 100
• 나. 엽면살포제의 제형화 ... 101
• 1) 1차 제형화 (수화제형, BW13-A~G) ... 101
• 2) 2차 제형화 (액상수화제형 BW13-H 및 수화제형 BW13-I, J) ... 102
• 제4절 밑둥썩음병 방제용 종자처리 미생물농약 제조기술확립 ... 103
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 103
• 2. 연구결과 ... 105
• 가. S. maltophilia BW-13 균주에 의한 종자처리효과 ... 105
• 나. P. aeruginosa LY-11 균주에 의한 우수코팅종자 선발 ... 112
• 다. P. aeruginosa LY-11 균주를 이용한 alginate 종자코팅기술 개발 ... 116
• 제5절 미생물농약의 방제효과 검정 및 우수제형 선발 ... 118
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 118
• 2. 연구결과 ... 119
• 가. S. maltophilia BW-13 균주를 이용한 엽면살포제의 방제효과 ... 119
• 1) 생육실 포트재배에서의 밑둥썩음병 방제효과 ... 119
• 나. P. aeruginosa LY-11 균주를 이용한 alginate 종자코팅제의 방제효과 ... 122
• 1) 모잘록병 방제효과 ... 122
• 2) 생육실 포트재배에서의 밑둥썩음병 방제효과 ... 124
• 제6절 플라스틱 하우스내 토경재배에서의 방제효과 검정 ... 126
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 126
• 2. 연구결과 ... 126
• 제7절 Alginate 코팅종자의 작물에서의 근권 및 엽권정착력 검정 ... 129
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 129
• 2. 연구결과 ... 129
• 가. 종자처리제의 근권 및 엽권정착력 검정 ... 129
• 제8절 엽면살포제와 alginate 코팅종자의 안정성 검정 ... 133
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 133
• 2. 연구결과 ... 133
• 가. BW13-A 엽면살포제의 저장 안정성 ... 133
• 나. Alginate 코팅종자의 저장 온도에 따른 안정성 검정 ... 134
• 제 2 연구 목표 : 결구상추 균핵병 방제용 미생물농약 개발 ... 137
• 제1절 서 론 ... 137
• 제2절 유용미생물의 탐색 및 동정 ... 140
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 140
• 2. 연구 결과 ... 145
• 가. 균핵병 발생과 병원균 분리 및 동정 ... 145
• 나. 병원성 검정 ... 152
• 다. 길항미생물의 분리 ... 155
• 라. 길항미생물의 혼합처리에 의한 방제효과 증진 검정 ... 162
• 마. 우수 길항 세균의 동정 ... 164
• 제3절 길항세균의 대량배양기술확립 ... 169
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 169
• 2. 연구결과 ... 171
• 가. B. amyloliquefaciens A-7 균주의 최적배양 조건 확립 ... 171
• 1) 삼각플라스크배양 ... 171
• 2) 발효기 배양 ... 178
• 제4절 균핵병방제용 엽면살포제 미생물농약 제조기술확립 ... 180
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 180
• 2. 연구결과 ... 181
• 가. 길항세균 A-7 균주를 이용한 엽면살포제의 제형화 ... 181
• 1) 전달매체 선발 ... 181
• 2) 제형화 ... 181
• 제5절 미생물농약의 방제효과 검정 및 우수제형 선발 ... 185
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 185
• 2. 연구결과 ... 185
• 가. B. amyloliquefaciens A-7 균주를 이용한 균핵병 방제용 엽면살포제의 방제효과 ... 185
• 1) 생육실 포트검정에서의 방제효과 ... 185
• 가) 1차 제제 ... 185
• 나) 2차 제제 ... 186
• 다) 3차 제제 ... 187
• 라) 4차 제제 ... 188
• 마) 5차 제제 ... 189
• 바) 6차 제제 ... 193
• 제6절 플라스틱 하우스내 토경재배에서의 방제효과 검정 ... 195
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 195
• 2. 연구결과 ... 196
• 가. 균핵병 방제효과 검정 ... 196
• 나. 밑둥썩음병과 균핵병의 동시방제 효과 ... 197
• 제7절 미생물농약의 자연발생 농가실증시험 ... 200
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 200
• 2. 연구결과 ... 200
• 가. 2004년 결구상추의 경상남도 의령군 재배포장에서의 방제효과 ... 200
• 나. 2005년 김해시 대동면 재배포장에서의 방제효과 ... 202
• 제8절 선발 미생물농약의 작물에서의 엽권정착력 및 저장안정성 검정 ... 204
• 1. 연구수행 방법 ... 204
• 2. 연구결과 ... 205
• 가. 토경재배한 결구상추에서의 A7-2제제의 엽권정착력(활성) 검정 ... 205
• 나. 저장 안정성 검정 ... 206
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 210
• 제1절 연구개발목표의 달성도 ... 210
• 제2절 관련분야의 기술발전에의 기여도 및 기대효과 ... 221
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 223
• 제6장 해외과학기술정보 ... 225
• 1. 생물농약의 개발 현황 ... 225
• 2. 현재 생물 농약의 시장 규모 ... 226
• 3. 국내의 생물농약 시장 추정 ... 228
• 4. 해외 개발기술의 최근 연구동향 ... 229
• 5. 종자처리제 및 코팅종자에 관한 연구 동향 ... 230
• 6. 작물생장촉진인자를 이용한 종자코팅제 및 토양처리제 ... 231
• 7. 종자의 priming 및 코팅 기술 ... 234
• 8. 시장 확대 가능성 ... 235
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 236
• 끝페이지 ... 242