초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
1. 보드 제조 및 수지함침처리기술 개발
□ 3단계 가압압력 4종류와 3단계 열압시간 4종류 등 다양한 보드제조방법을 제시하였으며, 보드의 물성은 가압압력보다 열압시간에 의해 영향을 받음을 확인하였음
□ 수지함침시 초음파 진동처리를 병행하므로써 함침효과가 개선되었음
2. Woodceramics 제조기술 개발
□ 수지함침율, 소성온도, 승온속도 및 최고온도에서 유지시간에 따른 우드세라믹 제조방법 제시
□ 소성 후 밀도는 소성온도가 증가함에 따라 소성온도 1000℃까지는 증가하였으나 1200

○ 연구결과
1. 보드 제조 및 수지함침처리기술 개발
□ 3단계 가압압력 4종류와 3단계 열압시간 4종류 등 다양한 보드제조방법을 제시하였으며, 보드의 물성은 가압압력보다 열압시간에 의해 영향을 받음을 확인하였음
□ 수지함침시 초음파 진동처리를 병행하므로써 함침효과가 개선되었음
2. Woodceramics 제조기술 개발
□ 수지함침율, 소성온도, 승온속도 및 최고온도에서 유지시간에 따른 우드세라믹 제조방법 제시
□ 소성 후 밀도는 소성온도가 증가함에 따라 소성온도 1000℃까지는 증가하였으나 1200℃ 이후에는 감소
□ 우드세라믹을 면상발열체로 사용하기 위해서는 소성온도 600℃, 승온속도 2℃/min 및 최고온도 유지시간 2시간의 조건으로 제조된 우드세라믹이 좋음
□ 원적외선 방사율 0.929, 방사에너지 4.31×10²)W/㎡
3. 기능성 woodceramics 발열판제조기술 개발
□ 우드세라믹의 고정저항이 작을수록 낮은 전압으로 통전하여도 표면온도가 높았으며, 저항이 큰 우드세라믹일수록 표면온도를 높이기 위해서는 높은 전압으로 통전해야하는 것으로 확인
□ 우드세라믹을 이용한 마루판 온돌모델시험에서 통전한 우드세라믹의 표면온도로부터 마루판 표면까지 열전달이 우수하여 우드세라믹을 면상발열체로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단됨

Abstract ▼

Ⅱ. Purpose and Necessity of Project
Under the actual conditions of our country which relies on the import of large quantities of timber every year owing to the lack of internal resources, the efficient use of wood available is a very important problem. Recently, in particular, researches on the d

Ⅱ. Purpose and Necessity of Project
Under the actual conditions of our country which relies on the import of large quantities of timber every year owing to the lack of internal resources, the efficient use of wood available is a very important problem. Recently, in particular, researches on the development for a new use, using thinning logs produced in the process of tending a forest, are being in progress. As one of the methods, it seems that it will be helpful in using thinning logs effectively by developing the technology in order to manufacture a heating board of functional woodceramics, utilizing woodceramics made from thinning logs. Woodceramics is a kind of porous carbonized materials, made by impregnating wood or woody materials with thermosetting resin and afterwards carbonizing them in the vacuum state at high temperature, and characterized by lightness, hardness, corrosion resistance, durability and far-infrared radiation, as maintaining wood features, thus it is a new material which is expected to be used in various industries. Yet, techniques for manufacturing woodceramics, so far, have been merely an emerging study focusing on the development of a new material. On top of that, currently it is not satisfied with developing it for many uses. It is then assumed that the diversification of both resin impregnation and manufacturing methods of woodceramics can solve the present difficulties in developing their uses, arisen from the difference in characteristics of the existing woodceramics by its each part due to the lack of uniform impregnation during the resin impregnation and the dissatisfaction with carbonizing technologies. Also, by utilizing small-diameter thinning logs, which have been confined to low value-added uses because of the limit of domestic thinning logs and the decrease in the amount consumed, as high-value added resources, productivity and economic efficiency in forestry may be lifted. Accordingly, this study aims to establish the manufacturing techniques of boards by making high-quality sawdust boards using thinning logs; develop techniques to manage the resin impregnation; and develop manufacturing techniques for heating boards of functional woodceramics according to a wide range of manufacturing conditions.
Ⅲ. Contents and Scope of Project
To utilize small-diameter thinning logs efficiently, which have been confined to low value-added uses, this study manufactured sawdust boards with timber from thinning, and then developed new resin-impregnation technologies and manufacturing technologies for heating boards of functional woodceramics. The major contents and scope of these developments are as follows:
1. The manufacture of boards and the development of resin impregnation technologies
A. Establish conditions to manufacture boards by the kind of trees
B. Investigate physical properties according to conditions of manufacturing boards
C. Treatment the resin impregnation using decompression, ultrasonic waves, and evaluate their performance
D. Investigate conditions for the optimum application of ultrasonic waves and decompression treatments
2. Development of techniques for the manufacture of woodceramics
A. Establish a condition for carbonizing
B. Manufacture woodceramics according to a board's rate of resin impregnation and carbonizing temperature, and evaluate their physical properties
C. Manufacture woodceramics according to heating rate and holding time at the highest temperature, and evaluate their physical properties
D. Establishment of manufacturing methods of woodceramics having excellent performance
3. Development of manufacturing technique for heating boards of functional woodceramics
A. Manufacture woodceramics suitable for the making of heating boards
B. Manufacture wood frame-type woodceramics floor boards
C. Manufacture concrete block-type woodceramics floor boards
D. Investigate the physical properties of the heating boards
Ⅳ. Results of Project and Suggestion for Application
Using domestic thinning logs, which have been limited to low value-added uses in spite of large-scale production, this study developed techniques for the manufacture of functional woodceramics heating boards by manufacturing sawdust in various ways and impregnating resin, carbonizing it in the vacuum state at high temperature, and finally manufacturing woodceramics.
1. The manufacture of boards and the development of resin impregnation technologies
The physical properties of sawdust boards were affected by heating, rather than pressure, and the higher the boards' density and amount of resin, the more the bending strength and hardness and the less the water absorption became.
Also, the characteristics of raw materials at the time of manufacturing woodceramics and boards' percentage of resin impregnation and uniformity are an important factor having an effect on woodceramics' properties after carbonizing, so to measure the percentage of resin impregnation, impregnation was performed with the following methods: atmospheric pressure, decompression, atmospheric pressure following decompression, atmospheric impregnation after conducting decompression and ultrasonic vibration simultaneously. As a result, impregnated boards to which ultrasonic vibration treatment was applied concurrently were high in density, the percentage of resin impregnation, swelling of size, bending strength, and hardness, suggesting that the effect of impregnation was improved by performing the treatment of ultrasonic vibration during the resin impregnation of sawdust boards at a time.
2. Development of techniques for the manufacture of woodceramics Woodceramics differ in their properties after carbonizing according to manufacturing conditions, such as features of the raw material, percentage of resin impregnation, carbonizing temperature, heating rate, and holding time at the highest temperature. As such, this study examined their physical properties by making them in various conditions in order to develop a manufacturing method possible to produce high-quality ones. As the carbonizing temperature grew, the density after carbonizing increased until it reached the carbonizing temperature of 1,000℃, but after 1200℃, it decreased. Their thermal conductivity was getting better with the percentage of resin impregnation rising, showing the fastest in the carbonizing temperature of 1,500℃. The faster the heating rate--i.e., the faster the carbonization speed, which hindered complete carbonization, the lower the density, and there was no difference in density in the highest temperature according to holding time. The thermal conductivity reached its highest level in woodceramics that were made in a 2-hour holding time in the maximum temperature and heating rate of 2℃/min, and it was down slightly as the heating rate was on the increase. Furthermore, it was nearly a conductor for the reason that the higher the carbonizing temperature, the lower the electric resistance, maintaining almost even at a carbonizing temperature over 1,000℃. In the meantime, woodceramics manufactured with sawdust boards had high far-infrared emissivity and radiant energy, indicating 0.920 and 4.30×10²) W/m2 respectively.
The higher the carbonizing temperature, the lower the far-infrared emissivity and radiant energy, but there was no definite tendency in the relationship with the percentage of resin impregnation. In case woodceramics are used as a plane heater for heating, it seems to be the best under this condition: carbonizing temperature of 600℃, heating rate of 2℃/min, 2-hour holding time in the highest temperature. Additionally, there is expectation for woodceramics to be used for various purposes in the future because their electrical and mechanical properties may be changed by diversifying manufacturing methods.
3. Development of manufacturing technique for heating boards of functional woodceramics
Woodceramics' resistance, voltage, electric current and electric power were measured by fixing an electrode on their two end sections and conducting electricity. Also, by applying an electric current after putting woodceramics connected with electric wires into a wood frame and a concrete block, a test of model of ondol(a traditional Korean under-floor heating system) intended to investigate the changes in the surface temperature of laminated floor boards and plywood floor ones at a given temperature was conducted. The result showed that the smaller the fixed resistance of woodceramics, the higher the surface temperature despite the low-voltage current, and that a sample having more resistance had to be conducted in high voltage so as to heighten its surface temperature. If many samples were connected and conducted, voltage would be more likely to be lowered by selecting a sample having small resistance. In the rate of heat transfer after ohmically heating for 60 minutes, laminated floor boards were faster than plywood floor ones, and in terms of the difference in the decline of woodceramics' surface temperature between the beginning and 30 minutes after according to the adjusted temperature, the wood frame and laminated floor boards were bigger than the concrete block and plywood floor boards respectively, showing the relative swiftness in the fall of temperature. Judging from this result of the test of ondol model of floor boards using those woodceramics, woodcramics are able to be used for a plane heater on account of the excellent heat transmission from a conducted woodceramics' surface to floor boards' one.
After considering all the factors discussed above, we reached this conclusion: Even though, at this point, it is insufficient to put them to practical use only by those results, valuable data and information, which attempted to use woodceramics as a functional plane heater, were produced. For the practical use of this product developed here, from this time on, it is required to have accurate and large-scale facilities accordant to the standard of the actual industrial production, and to perform as much tests as possible to apply them, departing from the low level like a laboratory with small-scale equipment for impregnation and carbonizing.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• Summary ... 8
• Contents ... 14
• 목차 ... 15
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 17
• 제2장 국내외 기술 개발현황 ... 19
• 제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 20
• 제1절 간벌재를 이용한 톱밥보드 제조기술개발 ... 20
• 1. 서론 ... 20
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 21
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 22
• 가. 가압압력 및 열압시간의 영향 ... 22
• 나. 밀도 및 분말페놀수지 첨가량의 영향 ... 27
• 4. 결론 ... 35
• 5. 인용문헌 ... 35
• 제2절 우드세라믹 제조용 톱밥보드의 수지함침 처리기술개발 ... 37
• 1. 서론 ... 37
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 38
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 40
• 가. 함침방법 및 함침시간의 영향 ... 40
• 나. 보드의 밀도에 따른 함침보드의 물성 ... 47
• 다. 수지첨가량에 따른 함침보드의 물성 ... 50
• 4. 결론 ... 53
• 5. 인용문헌 ... 53
• 제3절 단소용 대나무의 열처리 및 건조 ... 56
• 1. 서론 ... 56
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 57
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 58
• 4. 결론 ... 63
• 5. 인용문헌 ... 63
• 제4절 우드세라믹 제조기술 개발 ... 65
• 1. 서론 ... 65
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 66
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 68
• 가. 수지함침율 및 소성온도에 따른 성질 ... 68
• 나. 승온속도 및 최고온도에서의 유지시간에 따른 성질 ... 88
• 다. 원적외선 방사 및 전기적 성질 ... 107
• 4. 결론 ... 112
• 5. 인용문헌 ... 113
• 제5절 기능성 우드세라믹 발열판 제조기술개발 ... 116
• 1. 서론 ... 116
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 117
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 118
• 가. 통전 가열한 우드세라믹의 전기적 성질 ... 118
• 나. 통전 가열한 우드세라믹의 표면온도 변화 ... 122
• 4. 결론 ... 129
• 5. 인용문헌 ... 129
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 132
• 제5장 연구개발 결과의 활용계획 ... 137
• 제6장 연구개발 과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술 정보 ... 138
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 139
• 끝페이지 ... 153