초록 ▼

○ 연구결과 1. 제1세부과제 : 백출의 안정 생산기술 개발 A. macrocephala의 품질의 향상 및 안정적 생산을 위하여 1년 종근을 생산하여 냉장보관 후 종자소독을 하여, 4월초에 척박한 토양은 10a당 성분량으로 N-P₂O₅-K₂O=8-6-6kg에 유박200kg+퇴비 4,000kg/10a로, 다소 비옥한 토양에서는 N-P₂O₅-K₂O=4-3-3kg에 유박200kg+퇴비 4,000kg/10a로 기비로 하여

○ 연구결과 1. 제1세부과제 : 백출의 안정 생산기술 개발 A. macrocephala의 품질의 향상 및 안정적 생산을 위하여 1년 종근을 생산하여 냉장보관 후 종자소독을 하여, 4월초에 척박한 토양은 10a당 성분량으로 N-P₂O₅-K₂O=8-6-6kg에 유박200kg+퇴비 4,000kg/10a로, 다소 비옥한 토양에서는 N-P₂O₅-K₂O=4-3-3kg에 유박200kg+퇴비 4,000kg/10a로 기비로 하여 시비한 후 멀칭 재배로 20 x 30cm로 정식하고 수량 및 품질을 증진시키기 위하여 발뢰기에 반드시 적심을행한다. A. japonica는 조기정식 및 발뢰기와 개화초기에 적심을 할 경우 수량은 A. macrocephala와 차이 없었고, 백출의 주요 정유성분인 atractylone의 함량이 A. macrocephala에 비하여 높고 야생 A. japonica와 비슷한 함량을 유지하고 있어 A. japonica의 재배화가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 제 1 협동과제 : 삽주속 식물종으로 부터 유용변이체 탐색 및 이용 국내 자생 삽주인 A. japonica는 경기 가평 등 8개 지역에서 야생종을 수집하였으며, A. macrocephala는 경북 영주 지역 등에서 수집하였다. A. macrocephala 유용변이 26개 집단 중 지상부 생육과 역병 이병 고사주율을 조사한 결과 유망집단 AM9902 등 6집단을 선발 하였으며, A. japonica는 수집한 8개 지역종 중에서 경수가 많으며, 내병성이 강한 AJ2106 등 3집단을 선발 하였다. 백출 돌연변이에 의한 변이주 선발은 EMS처리 7주, NaN3처리 5주, γ- ray 처리에서 4주를 선발 하였다. 백출 종간잡종육성은 434개체 F1 식물체에서 F2 유망 영양계 10 계통을 선발 하였으며, 이중 AJM2103 -10, AJM2107-04가 생육이 우수하며 내습성이 강한 특성을 보였다. 3. 제 2 협동과제 : 백출의 역병저항성 증진 기술개발 백출의 역병저항성 증진 기술개발을통하여 재배시 가장 문제가 되는 역병의 감소를 유도하고자 삽주속 식물의 유연관계 분석, 재분화 방법개발, 유도저항성 개체 육성, 형질전환 가능성 검토 등을 실시하였다. A. macrocephala 와 A. japonica 대상식물의 RAPD를 이용한 유전자 다형성을 분석한 결과, 종간구분이 가능한 다형화 band가 확인되었다. 백출의 조직배양시 캘러스형성 및 뿌리발달은 식물생장조절제 단독처리의 경우에는 IBA 5mg/L 처리가 효과적이었으며, 혼합처리시 잎, 줄기, 자엽의 캘러스 생성율은 NAA 5mg/L와 BA 5mg/L처리가 효과적이었다. 역병저항성 개체를 육성하기 위하여 CaDRP(Capsicum annum Defense Related Protein)유전자를 이용하여 형질전환을 실시하였다. 유도저항성개체를 얻기 위하여 BABA(β-aminobutyric acid)처리를 실시하였으며 역병저항성 유도를 확인하였다.

Abstract ▼

1. Technology development for efficient production in Atractylodes
The final aim of this study is to develop technology for efficient production in Atractylodes. For this purpose, the study was conducted to determined the appropriate size and planting density, the appropriate transplanting time,

1. Technology development for efficient production in Atractylodes
The final aim of this study is to develop technology for efficient production in Atractylodes. For this purpose, the study was conducted to determined the appropriate size and planting density, the appropriate transplanting time, the appropriate levels and kinds of fertilizer, the appropriate time and method of topping by seedling and transplanting of a rhizome in A. macrocephala and A. japonica. After each experiment, the essential oil compounds in the treatments of the experiment were analyzed to evaluate the quality of Atractylodes by GC/MS.
The oil cavites in rhizome of A. japonica were 500 ㎛ in diameter and distributed 14 per 100 ${\mu}m^2$, but those of A.macrocephala were 266.7 ㎛ in diameter and distributed 11 per 100 ${\mu}m^2$.
The emergence ratio of A. macrocephala cultivated by transplanting of one year old rhizome and that after cutting of multi year old rhizome had no difference between them such as 76 and 78 percent, respectively but that of A. macrocephala cultivated by seedling was very low as 14.2%. The plant height, No. of petiole per stock and fresh weight of shooting per plant of A. macrocephala cultivated by one year old rhizome were better than those of that cultivated by seedling. Especially, growth characters cultivated by seed was very worse than those of that cultivated by cutting of multi year old rhizome.
Therefore, the cultivation method of seedling using seed could not use by reasons that it require the excess labor for removal of weed and maintenance of appropriate moisture in initial growing stage.
We recommend the transplanting of 1 year old rhizome after seed sterilization for efficient production because the cultivation by 1 year old rhizome was low in the appearance ratio of phytopbtbora blight.
The emergence ratio, dry weight and yield of rhizome on the size of rhizome did not differ significantly at the 5 percent level by Duncan's multiple range test between large and small size of rhizome, but differed significantly between middle and small size. Plant height and fresh weight of shooting per plant had a difference significantly at the 5 percent level by Duncan's multiple range test among sizes of rhizome.
The emergence ratio, plant height and dry weight of rhizome on the planting densities did not differ significantly at the 5 percent level by Duncan's multiple range test between 20 x 40 cm and 20 x 30 cm planting spaces, but differed significantly between 20 x 30 cm and 20 x 20 cm.
The yield of rhizome at the harvesting time was the highest in the transplanting of large size rhizome(above 35g weight per rhizome) and 20 x 20 cm planting space among rhizome sizes and planting densities
The content of essential oil compounds of rhizomes cultivated by the large and middle sizes of rhizome for transplanting was higher than those of small size in beta-caryophyllene, beta-selinene, beta-sesquiphellandrene, valencene, gammaelemene, atractylone, 1-methoxy-2-benzen.
The emergence ratio on transplanting of the rhizome was much higher than that of seedling, and the emergence ratio of seed and rhizome on the seed time was particularly high in the early of April. The faster seeding time of the seed and the transplanting of rhizome was, the higher plant height, No. of petiole per stock and dry weight was.
In the seedling and in the transplanting of rhizome, yield of rhizome showed similar difference among the all seed times of Apirl and between the early or the middle and the end of Apirl.
In the seedling, the transplanting of rhizome, the faster the time was, the higher a component of an essential oil was.
Especially, content of atractylone in the seedling was higher about 32.3 percent in the early on April than that in the early on May, and higher about 30.6 percent than that in the transplanting of rhizome. Content of Atractylone of rhizome sowed in the early of April was higher about 18.6 percent than that of the transplanting of rhizome.
Therefore, in the cultivation of Atractylodes, it is impossible for seedling to be raised in the place in which weeds and maintenance of water is difficult, and it brings increase in yield to sow or transplant the seed in the early of April on the cultivation of seedling certainly and in the early or around the middle of April on the transplanting of rhizome.
Fresh and dry weight of the rhizome had no difference in removal with hand and chemicals. Compared of none-topping, amount of rhizome in removal with hand is higher about 21.7percent in the floral stage and in the early of blooming, about 11.3 percent in the middle of flowering about 8.4 percent in the end of flowering.
Therefore, in the cultivation of Atractylodes, it showed that it makes growth good to remove with hand and chemicals in the floral stage.
Compared of none-topping, the content of beta-caryophyllene, beta-selinene, beta-sesquiphellandrene, valencene, gamma-elemene, atractylone, 1-methoxy -2-benzen of the component of an essential oils in floral topping identified with removal with hand, potassium salt of maleic hydrazide and fatty alchol was high, and specially, the content of atractylone is about 50 percent as high. To produce stably Atractylodes and increase the component, it should be topped in the floral stage, and to continue it's life force, it is necessary for it to be treated with more than two times of chemicals.
Plant height, No. of petiole per plant and fresh and dry weight of rhizome showed similar difference in none-fertilizer and many treatments of fertilizers application. Plant height showed similar difference in compost, treatment of organic fertilizer of sesame dregs among 20 percent compound ratio, increase ratio and treatment of chemical fertilizer.
Dry weight and yield of the rhizome didn't showed similar difference in application of increase and decrease ratio on chemical fertilizer, but showed similar difference in treatment of organic fertilizer of sesame dregs and treatment of chemical fertilizer.
Especially, the amount showed higher increase of 32.7 percent in the mixing of the sesame dregs + the compost than that in the use of compound fertilizer.
When being increase of 20 percent in compound fertilizer compared of standards ratio, phytopbtbora blight and root rotting disease were prevalent, but the growth of the disease was lowered when using th compost, sesame, the use of two times in sesame dregs + compost.
Especially, the phytopbtbora blight decreased about 63 percent and the root rotting disease decreased about 70 percent in the use of two time in sesame dregs + compost, compared of the solo use of standards ratio of compost fertilizer
Therefore, because it makes growth and creation extent of decease low to use amount of two time of sesame dregs + compost in the cultivation of Atractylodes, we think that it will be excellent in yield and quality promotion. Treatment of GA was good in the storage of seed, and refrigeration custody was good in the storage of 1 year old rhizome .
When cultivated in transplanting of the early time and the topping of the floral stage or the early of the flowering, it had no difference with yield of A. macrocephala, so the main content of the essential oil in Atractylodes was higher than that of A. macrocephala and similar in content of wild A.japonica, the cultivation of A.japonica has made possible.
The content of atractylone, beta-seliene, valecene of the wild Atractylodes which are being sold in the interior was much higher than that of the Atractylodes which are being imported, the main content of Atractylodes which was collected at Ankuk in China was never detected. The content ratio of the wild Atractylodes which are be cultivated in Korea was higher about 80 percent than that of Atractylodes which are being cultivated at Yungil in China, the content ratio of the last was much lower about 22 percent less than that of Korean wild Atractylodes.
As a result, to promote for efficient production in Atractylodes, after producing the 1 year old rhizome and taking refrigeration custody, the rhizome which was sterilized should be planted in the field which applied with 200kg sesame dregs + 4,000kg/10a compost per 10a to N-P₂O₅-K₂O=8-6-6kg to barren soil and in the field which was applied with 200kg sesame dregs + 4,000kg/10a compost to N-P₂O₅-K₂O=4-3-3kg to some fertile soil. To promote amount and quality, certainly trim off sprouts in the floral stage.
2. Valuable Varient Selection from Atractylodes Spp.
In order to make a evaluation of Atractylodes spp, A. japonica indigenous in Korea collected from the eight regions including Gapyung, Gyunggi, while A. macrocephala collected from the one restricted site Youngju, Gyungbuk.
Among the field tested 26 lines of A. macrocephalas, six promising variants were selected, evaluated by plant growth character and disease resistance to P drechsleri. Also three population including AJ2106 were selected from the 10 collected lines by characters with multi branches and disease resistance.
By the mutant inducing treatments, various variant also selected 7 individual from EMS treated, 5 plant from sodium azide originated and 4 plant gamma ray indulgenced in Atractylodes spp .
For the purpose of interspecific hybrid development, 10 kinds of promising vegetative F₂ line selected from the 434 F₁ plants, and AJM2103-10 and AJM2107-04 were illustrated best plant growth characteristics and resistance to under the wet moisture condition especially.
3. Improvement of resistance against Phytophthora blight in Atractylodes Polymorphic DNA bands were detected for genetic identification of species using RAPD between A. japonica and A. macrocephala. The formation of callus and the growth of roots was achieved effectively on medium with 5mg/L IBA. The callus formation in mixed treatment was most promoted when the leaf, cotyledon and stem explants were 5mg/L NAA and 5mg/L BA. Explants of A. macrocephala. were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciences GV3101 strains containing CaDRP(Capsicum annuum Defense Related Protein) gene for transformation. A. macrocephala plants sprayed and soil drenched with aqueous solution of BABA(β-aminobutyric acid) showed induced resistance to Phytophthora blight infection caused by Phytophthora drechsleri.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 10
• CONTENTS ... 16
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 20
• 제1절 연구개발의 목적 ... 20
• 제2절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 20
• 제3절 연구개발 내용 및 범위 ... 25
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 26
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 30
• 제1절 시험방법 ... 30
• 1. 제1세부과제 : 백출의 안정생산기술 개발 ... 30
• 2. 제1협동과제 : 삽주속 식물종으로부터 유용변이체 탐색 및 이용 ... 33
• 3. 제2협동과제 : 백출의 역병저항성 증진기술 개발 ... 35
• 제2절 결과 및 고찰 ... 40
• 1. 제1세부과제 : 백출의 안정생산기술 개발 ... 40
• 가. 해부학적 특성 파악 ... 40
• 나. 번식방법 구명 ... 41
• 다. 종근크기와 적정 재식거리 구명 ... 43
• 라. 적정 파종시기 구명 ... 50
• 마. 순자르기 시기 및 방법 구명 ... 53
• 바. 유기농법에 따른 비대생장 정도와 병 발생 정도 조사 ... 58
• 사. 저장방법 구명 ... 63
• 아. A. japonica의 재배법 개발에 의한 A. macrocephala와의 생육특성 비교 ... 63
• 자. 본 시험 재배후 A. macrocephala와 A. japonica 및 중국 지역별 백출의 주요 정유성분 분석 ... 65
• 2. 제1협동과제 : 삽주속 식물종으로부터 유용변이체 탐색 및 이용 ... 67
• 가. 삽주 수집집단 특성평가 ... 67
• 나. 유용집단 선발 ... 73
• 다. 돌연변이 유발에 의한 유용변이체 육성 ... 76
• 라. 종간잡종 육성 ... 79
• 3. 제2협동과제 : 백출의 역병저항성 증진기술 개발 ... 82
• 가. 삽주속 식물의 유연관계 분석 ... 82
• 나. 재배종과 야생종으로부터 역병저항성 개체 선발 ... 84
• 다. 내병성 개체의 특성 파악 ... 84
• 라. 고효율 재분화 방법 개발 ... 85
• 마. 종간 잡종 육성 ... 95
• 바. 유도저항성 개체 육성 ... 95
• 사. 형질전환 가능성 검토 ... 96
• 아. 선발, 육성된 계통의 포장 저항성 검토 ... 96
• 제3절 적요 ... 97
• 1. 제1세부과제 : 백출의 안정생산기술 개발 ... 97
• 2. 제1협동과제 : 삽주속 식물종으로부터 유용변이체 탐색 및 이용 ... 99
• 3. 제2협동과제 : 백출의 역병저항성 증진기술 개발 ... 100
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 101
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 104
• 제 6 장 참고문헌 ... 105
• 끝페이지 ... 110