초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
1. 국내외 백침계와 유럽형 미니오이 품종 특성 검정 및 선발
가. 억제재배에 알맞은 수출용 오이 품종 선발
·스이세이후시나리2호(翠星節成2号), 히지리2호, 백성3호(百成3号) 등의 원줄기 착과형 품종이 유망
나. 촉성재배에 알맞은 수출용 오이 품종 선발
·하루카, 알파후시나리(알파節成), 앵콜11, 샤프1 등의 측지 착과형 품종이 유망
다. 반촉성재배에 알맞은 수출용 오이 품종 선발
·샤프301, 앵콜8, 남극2호(南極2号), 알파후유하루카타(알파冬春型), 스이세이후시나리2(翠星

○ 연구결과
1. 국내외 백침계와 유럽형 미니오이 품종 특성 검정 및 선발
가. 억제재배에 알맞은 수출용 오이 품종 선발
·스이세이후시나리2호(翠星節成2号), 히지리2호, 백성3호(百成3号) 등의 원줄기 착과형 품종이 유망
나. 촉성재배에 알맞은 수출용 오이 품종 선발
·하루카, 알파후시나리(알파節成), 앵콜11, 샤프1 등의 측지 착과형 품종이 유망
다. 반촉성재배에 알맞은 수출용 오이 품종 선발
·샤프301, 앵콜8, 남극2호(南極2号), 알파후유하루카타(알파冬春型), 스이세이후시나리2(翠星節成2号)호 등의 원줄기 착과품종보다는 측지 착과형의 품종이 유망
라. 조숙재배에 알맞은 수출용 오이 품종 선발
·신북성2호, 빠이롯트2호, 금성21호, 프론티아, 나쯔스즈미 등의 품종이 유망
마. 유럽형 미니오이 품종의 국내 양액재배 적응성 검토
·반촉성재배 : 델타스타(Deltastar), 헨데(Hende), 메가스타(Megastar)
·촉성재배 : 타잔(Tarzan)
2. 유전자원 수집, 평가 및 수출용 오이 품종 육성
가. 백침계 오이 유전자원 수집, 평가 : 79품종 및 계통(F1)
나. 근교계(S5) 육성 : 77계통
다. 조합계통의 특성평가 및 조합능력 검정
·38조합에서 2계통(JWC022, JWC033)선발, 품종보호출원
라. 선발 육성된 품종의 유연 관계 구명을 위한 유전자 RAPD 분석
· Dendrogram에서 모·부본 확인
3. 주요 병해 내병성 검정법 개발
가. 재배작형별, 지역별 병해 발생 실태조사
·주요 발생 병해는 흰가루병, 갈색무늬병, 잿빛곰팡이병
·흰가루병은 억제재배에서는 정식 후부터, 반촉성재배에서는 3월 하순부터 급격히 증가
·검은별무늬병은 주로 반촉성재배에서 발생하였으나 6월이후의 고온기에도 발생
나. 병원균주 수집, 병원성 검정(세균병, 진균병)
·병원균 수집은 갈색무늬병 12균주, 검은별무늬병 32균주, 세균성모무늬병 19균주, 덩굴마름병 7균주, 잿빛곰팡이병 20균주, 흰가루병 3균주 등을 수집하여 동정
다. 내병성 검정법 개발
·흰가루병은 25℃가 최적온도였고 자엽과 제 1본엽을 이용한 leaf disk법으로 검정한 결과 스테다스나쯔, 대길 품종에서 저항성을 보임
·검은별무늬병은 자엽접종시 접종농도를 5×104 포자/㎖ 농도가 가장 적당하였고 묘령은 자엽 출현 1일 후 내병성 여부를 판단하기에 가장 좋았음
·갈색무늬병은 30℃의 PDA에서 균사와 포장형성이 가장 잘되었고 24시간 습실처리와 30℃ 조건에서 병반 형성이 가장 잘 되었음
·세균성모무늬병은 104cfu/㎖ 농도가 저항성을 판단하기에 적당하였음
·복합 내병성 검정 체계는 우선 자엽 전개 1일 후에 한쪽 자엽에 검은별무늬병을 침 접종하여 20℃에서 24시간 배양 후 한쪽 자엽에 갈색무늬병과 세균성모무늬병을 접종하여 24시간 동안 30℃에서 습실 처리를 하여 2∼3일 후에 병반을 확인한 후 자엽을 모두 제거하고 계속해서 제 1 본엽을 이용한 leaf disk법으로 흰가루병을 검정하게 되면 적은 수의 종자를 이용하여 육묘초기에 육성계통의 내병성 여부를 스크린 할 수 있는 내병성 검정 기술을 체계화 하였다.
4. 오이 품질 평가 기술 확립
가. 국내 계통의 오이가 백침계 오이 보다 견고성과 부서짐성은 강하나 응집성은 약하고 껌성과 씹힘성은 유럽계 오이가 다른 계통보다 약한 경향임
나. 수분함량과 조단백함량은 수출오이가 국내오이보다 높았으나 조섬유 함량은 국내오이가 수출오이 보다 높았음
다. 청장계 오이는 총 17종의 아미노산을 함유한 반면 낙합계는 11종을 함유하며, 그 함량도 낮았다. 특히 청장계와 유럽계 오이의 아스파라긴산, 글루타민산, 타이로신함량이 가장 높았으며, GABA함량도 높은 수준을 보였음
라. 백침계 중 샤프301이 향이 좋고 맛이 있으나, 백성품종은 다른 품종보다 풋내가 강한 경향이었고 반면에 반백계 오이는 가장 향이 적고 맛이 없는 경향이었음
5. bloomless 대목 선발
가. bloomless 대목 유전자원 수집, 평가
·bloomless 대목 유전자원 : 14품종을 수집, 평가
나. bloomless 대목 품종 개발을 위한 재료 선발
·국내육성 품종 : 부산대목3호
·도입종 : 유유잇끼(백), 유유잇끼(흑), 에끼사이드, 킹휘호

Abstract ▼

In this work, the development of resistant cucumber cultivars that can replace the imported seeds has been described. Moreover we aimed to develop the cultivars for exportation that please the foreigner's taste.
Ⅰ. Characteristics of white spined cucumber and European mini - cucumber cultivars

In this work, the development of resistant cucumber cultivars that can replace the imported seeds has been described. Moreover we aimed to develop the cultivars for exportation that please the foreigner's taste.
Ⅰ. Characteristics of white spined cucumber and European mini - cucumber cultivars
Cucumber cultivars such as CVs. Suiseifushinari 2, Hijiri 2 and Baekseong 3 are suitable for retarding cultivation (main stem fruiting type); CVs. Haruka, Alphafushinari, Encore 11 and Sharp 1 are suitable for forcing cultivation(lateral branch fruiting type). Lateral branch fruiting type cultivars are better suited for semi-forcing cultivation than main branch and laterial fruiting such as CVs. Sharp 301, Encore 8, Nankyoku 2, Alphafuyukata, Suiseifushinari 2 and CVs. Shinhokusei 2, Pilot 2, Kinsei 21, Frontia and Natsusuzumi are suitable for early maturation cultivation. In the case of European mini-cucumber cultivars, CVs. Deltastar, Hende and Megastar were suitable for semiforcing cultivation and CV. Tarzan was suitable for forcing culture. These cultivars could adopt to the domestic climates and could produce profitable yield if grown by hydroponic systems.
Ⅱ. Collection and evaluation of cucumber germplasm and development of cucumber cultivars for exportation
During 1998 and 2002, 79 open pollinated cultivars and F1 hybrid cultivars had been collected and studied for the quantitative traits such as vigor, leaf growth, axillary bud development, fertilization rate, number of flowers per node and for the qualitative traits such as fruiting habit and fruit characteristics. Then parental lines were selected for the breeding work.
A total of 67 inbred lines of S5 (2000 spring-pollinated 45 lines, 2001 spring-pollinated 22 lines) and 10 lines of S6 (2002 fall-pollinated 10 lines) have been developed. We developed 4 and 1 lines resistant to powdery mildew and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, respectively. Unfortunately the lines turned out not so effective gene source for the following breeding program.
The growth of the selected cucumber lines were impeded when the root zone temperature was below 14℃, otherwise the root zone temperature was raised.
After exposure for 18 days to cold temperature at 10℃ and at 14℃, leaves were drying and showed chlorosis, respectively.
Using 77 cucumber inbred lines, 38 combinations were crossed. The growth characteristics of the progenies were studied by growing seasons for plant growth, bearing of female flowers, fruit yield. Two lines (JWC022, JWC033) were selected for high female flower production, lateral shoot development, fruit shape and resistance to brown leaf spot. Jeonnam 1 (JWC022) that is suitable for retarding cultivation was named as 'Joy' and registered in March 2003(Application #2003-119). JWC033(Jeonnam 3) that is suitable for semiforcing cultivation showed good lateral shoot development and high yield will be registered in December 2003.
A dendrogram constructed using genetic markers showed that 'Joy' F1 cultivar was genetically closer to one of the parents, 'WCL014'. Addition of glucose 0.1∼0.15M to the culture media was effective for pollen germination.
Callus was induced well from cultured ovules on MS, 1.0 m/NAA and 10.0 m/BA. Ovules obtained in 12 days after pollination did not show any on MS medium lacking hormones. On the other hand, ovules obtained in 15 or 18 days after pollination developed shoot directly without callusing.
Ⅲ. Development of disease diagnosis methods
Leaf disk diagnosis method was conducted for the powdery mildew at 25℃ with cotyledons and primary leaves. CVs. SutetasunatsuⅢ, Sutetasunatsu and Taikichi showed resistance.
In case of Cladosporium cucumerinum, the inoculum concentration was 5×10⁴ spores/㎖ and cotyledons were used as samples.
Corynespora melonis grow well on PDA media at 30℃, and the pathogen were well developed after 24 hours in humid condition.
In case of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, the appropriate concentration was determined as 10⁴cfu/㎖ for the disease resistance evaluation.
In order to evaluate the disease at once with small amount of leaf samples, we have developed multiple resistance evaluation system. After one day of cotyledon development, Cladosporium cucumerinum was inoculated on one cotyledon and cultured for 24 hours at 20℃, and then Corynespora melonis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans were inoculated on the other cotyledon and cultured for 24 hours at 30℃ in humid condition. Finally these diseases were evaluated after 2∼3 days. Then powdery mildew resistance was screened by using primary leaves.
Ⅳ. Development of cucumber quality evaluation system
Generally, domestically grown cucumbers are categorized into 4 groups.
Nakhap and Cheongjang families are long fruit type, and Baekchim (white spine) family and Banbaek family are middle-sized fruit type. European cucumbers produce generally short fruit.
Their fruit fresh is compact with high soluble solids. Domestically developed cucumbers are more firm and solid than white spined type cucumbers, but cohesiveness is lower. European cucumbers were less chewy and tenderer compared to other cucumbers.
Moisture and crude protein contents were higher in exporting cucumbers than domestic cucumbers. However, crude fiber contents were higher in domestic cucumbers. Cucumbers of Cheongjang family and that of contained 17 types of amino acids while those of Nakhap family contained only 11 types a low amount. Especially, Cheongjang family contained asparaginic acid, glutamic acid and tyrosin as well as gammabutylic acid (GABA).
White spined type exporting cucumbers possessed good fragrance in general, especially Sharp301 is widely accepted for its fragrance. But Baekseongteukho had strong smell of greens. Different cucumber lines and cultivars showed particular light absorption responses to various light wave lengths(near-infrared rays, 1,700, 2,100 and 2,300㎚).
Ⅴ. Development of bloomless stock
Domestically developed CVs. Busandaemok3, and Yuyuitsuki white spined type, Yuyuitsuki black spined type, Ekiside stocks that are imported are cucumbers of stocks for bloomless and vigorous plant growth, which could be safely utilized as root stocks under domestic climate conditions.