초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
- 외관이 우수하고 과정부가 돌출하지 않고 수확기가 늦은 만생종 골드키위 해남골드 2호(해피골드) 육성(품종보호 출원)
- 과실이 크고 식미가 우수한 조생종 그린키위 해남그린15호(품종명 : 해원) 육성(품종보호출원, 2010. 5)
- 골드키위 착과수준은 단과지는 3과 이내 장과지는 4-5과 정도로 착과시키는 것이 과실비대에 양호함
- 골드키위 ‘ 해금’의 수확기 판정은 수확기 기준 10월18일 전후, 과실 당도기준7.8-10°Bx이상, 만개일수 기준 약 156.8일 전후이나 후숙후 과육의 황색

○ 연구결과
- 외관이 우수하고 과정부가 돌출하지 않고 수확기가 늦은 만생종 골드키위 해남골드 2호(해피골드) 육성(품종보호 출원)
- 과실이 크고 식미가 우수한 조생종 그린키위 해남그린15호(품종명 : 해원) 육성(품종보호출원, 2010. 5)
- 골드키위 착과수준은 단과지는 3과 이내 장과지는 4-5과 정도로 착과시키는 것이 과실비대에 양호함
- 골드키위 ‘ 해금’의 수확기 판정은 수확기 기준 10월18일 전후, 과실 당도기준7.8-10°Bx이상, 만개일수 기준 약 156.8일 전후이나 후숙후 과육의 황색 발현을 위해서는 단일 기준보다 종합적으로 판단하는 것이 효과적이며 특히 과실절단면의 가장자리까지 녹색이 사라진 시기가 가장 적기임
- 육성한 참다래 해남그린 15호(해원)의 과실중 비타민 C 함량이 대조품종 헤이워드보다 2배이상 높아 기능성 품종으로 유망하였으며 새로운 고당도 대과 고비타민C 신품종 육성의 교배모본으로도 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단됨
- 골드키위 ‘해금’ 품종의 과실을 저장할 경우 수확시 당도가 낮은 과실은 높은 과실보다 상대적으로 당도가 낮게 유지되었고 후숙하여도 낮으므로 수확시 높은 당도 과실을 저장하는 것이 좋음
토양의 질소함량이 많을 경우 수확기가 늦어지고 당도도 낮게 나타났음
- 골드키위 ‘해금’ 품종의 저장력은 약 3.5개월 정도로 판단되나 재배농가의 과원관리나 재배환경에 따라 저장력은 증진(4～5개월까지) 또는 감소되는 것으로 나타남

Abstract ▼

1. Selection of distintive Korean gold and green kiwifruits and development of safe production technology of gold kiwifruit
1.1. Gold kiwifruit without protruding ends
1.1.1. Determination of the genetic difference by RAPD of gold kiwifruit accessions Total 11 polymorphic primers were selected

1. Selection of distintive Korean gold and green kiwifruits and development of safe production technology of gold kiwifruit
1.1. Gold kiwifruit without protruding ends
1.1.1. Determination of the genetic difference by RAPD of gold kiwifruit accessions Total 11 polymorphic primers were selected for RAPD analysis including OPE07. All gold kiwifruit accessions showed difference against New Zealand commercial variety (Zespri gold kiwifruit). Among them, gold #3 was shown closer to Zespri gold and gold #5 was far away
1.1.2. Characteristics of accessions of gold kiwifruit in several experimental orchards
Among gold kiwifruit accessions, Haenam gold #2 and #3 showed earlier flowering habits as early May while Haenam gold #1 and #5 did on mid May. Fruit soluble solid content and dry matter content had variations among growing seasons and experimental orchards. However, gold #2 and #3 had the highest of all accessions. The gold #5 had the biggest fruit size of all (73~119g) but its soluble solid content and dry matter content were lower. Considering several quality factors, Haenam gold #2 was finally selected and named as 'Happy gold'. Gold #2 have no protruding end on fruit end and it has good appearance as well as taste.
1.2. Green kiwifruit of cylindrical big size
1.2.1. Determination of the genetic difference by RAPD of green kiwifruit accessions Through the analysis of RAPD polymorphic bands, we could find the genetic difference between commercial variety (Hayward) and candidate accession. Among them. #16 was closer to Hayward but far away from #12.
1.2.2. Characteristics of accessions of green kiwifruit in several experimental orchards The flowering period of green kiwifruit accessions were again different by seasons and locations. Haenam green #12 and #15 were the earlist ones (mid May) while #16 flowered on late Mayas same as Hayward. Among green kiwifruit accessions, #15 fruit showed the greatest performances in all experimental orchards and its soluble solid content and dry matter content were also the highest. Green #15 was finally selected and named as 'Haewon'.
1.3. Comprehensive production technology development of gold kiwifruit
1.3.1. Determination of proper number of fruit setting on fruiting twig
2~5 fruits bearing per twig was shown effective for the good size fruit production. Twigs with fruit thinning bore 87.2g fruits compared to control (79.8g). Thinning has affected on the fruit lateral development rather than longitudinal expansion on both long twig and short twig. Howeyer, it seems suitable that long twig bears 3~5 fruits and short one bears 2~3 fruits. Meanwhile, when CPPU was applied for artificial fruit size increase the difference between thinning and control twig did not make any difference on fruit size.
1.3.2. Determination of harvest time of gold kiwifruit
To determine harvest time criteria, the days after full flowering, pre-harvest change of soluble solid content and cumulative temperature after full flowering were compared which resulted in positive correlation between soluble solid content and other two factors. For example, when soluble solid content reached 7.8°Bx the days after full flowering was about 156.8 days and the cumulative temperature was 841.7 hrs. However, to ensure the good expression of flesh color as bright gold, the soluble solid content should be at leat 7.8~10˚Bx as far as fruit firmness is stable enough and the better way is to confirm the internal color change from green to milky white with yellow color even on margin of fruit flesh, in other words, the completion of degreening on external pericarp will be easiest way to determing harvest time.
1.3.3. Soil and leaf analysis of gold kiwifruit orchards
The soil chemical composition was different among experimental orchards. 'Haenam S' orchard showed less ph 5.5, excessive P content, so it needs soil amelioration. Meanwhile, 'Jangheung' orchard had overall excessive soil mineral contents, 'Haenam M' and 'Wando' orchards had proper soil nutritional level. Leaf analysis results showed gold kiwifruit have higher N, P and K content on June than May, which implies nutritional practices should be focused in this period or before when young fruits and shoots are rapidly developing in order to prevent nutritional shortage or stress.
1.3.4. Assay and investigation on pests and diseases of gold and green kiwifruit
Gold and green kiwifruit accessions including some other control kiwifruit species was assayed on bacterial canker, which is one of the severest kiwifruit diseases. Most green (#15 and Hayward) and gold (#2 and #3) kiwifruit showed moderate susceptibility and no other species was shown as resistant to Pectobacterium. Also, there were no differences in other pests and diseases among most assayed green kiwifruit accessions. However, some differences were found between Actinidia species (Actinidia chinensis, Actinidia deliciosa, Actinidia eriantha, Actinidia arguta). In terms of flower bud rotting and grey mold diseases were more frequent on A. chinensis species.
1.3.5. Analysis of antioxidation activity and chemical composition
Total polyphenol content was the highest in fruit surface regardless of kiwifruit species and that of fruit core and internal flesh was lower in order. Among them, A. eriantha contained 512mg/100g flesh and those of two A. chinensis and A. arguta were similar containing lOO~106mg/100g. But that of A. deliciosa was slightly low and A. polygama was the lowest as 29.1mg/lOOg.
The content of antocyanine was the highest in A. chinensis (cv. Hongyang), then, A. polygama was the next. Beta carotine content was higher in A. polygama and A. arguta than other species. In gold kiwifruit, the carbohydrate was 7.2~14.8g/100g and some minerals were 5.6~15.5mg/100g for Ca, 234.7~287.2mg/100g for K and 23.6-31.4mg/l00g for P, in addition, vitamin C was 45.6~82.0g, vitamine E O.2~0.8mg/100g and beta carotine O.7mg/kg. Compared to convention Hayward and Zespri gold, Haenam gold #1 and green #15 had high K content as 287 and 385.2 mg/100g each. Meanwhile, high Ca content were found in Haenam gold #1 and #2 next to Zespri gold.
2. Postharvest quality management and self-life enhancement of gold kiwifruit
2.1. Postharvest quality change followed by different orchards
The change of soluble solid content of gold kiwifruits from 3 different orchards was slightly different but soluble solid content has increase during storage. The fruits which were harvested in two Haenam orchards showed the highest, reaching 16°Bx at the end. But the fruits from Jangheung orchard was just 12°Bx. This difference are assumed because the soluble solid content at harvest was higher in Haenam and lower in Jangheung. This again implies harvesting late would increase more taste after storage. Fruit firmness of higher soluble solid fruit at harvest was also better than that of lower soluble solid fruit even in long term storage period. Fruit acidity has decreased below D.5% after 4 to 5 months storage regardless orchards. Through the experiment on the fruit sprayed with CPPU in growing season, the performance of CPPU sprayed fruits showed the sam~ result as non sprayed fruit in terms of fruit soluble solid content and fruit firmness during storage but the final fruit firmness tend to be slightly more reduced at the end of storage.
2.2. Fruit quality change during storage followed by different initial storage temperature setting
Two different storage entry methods were compared by setting constant (0℃) and gradual decreasing (from 7 to 0℃ during 7 days) using 'Haegeum' fruits. The result showed no difference between two storage entry methods in term of soluble solid content and fruit firmness during storage. Fruit acidity was kept slightly higher in gradual decreasing treatment than constant temperature treatment. Fruit weight loss was also higher in gradual decreasing treatment than constant treatment.
2.3. Fruit quality of CPPU treated fruit~ during storage
The soluble solid content did not differ between CPPU treated and non-treated fruits during storgae. Acidity was same trend up to 2 months then decreased after that in both cases but non-treated fruits kept slightly high acidity. Fruit firmness of treated fruits tended to slightly lower than non-treated fruits.
2.4. Correlation analysis between gold kiwifruits quality related factors and harvest time
'Haenam gold #2' showed highly positive correlation between dry matter content and soluble solid content at harvest. However, the degree of correlation was different among gold kiwifruit accessions. Meanwhile, the higher soluble solid content at harvest also had higher soluble solid content after ripening. This implies that dry matter content at harvest could provide good criteria for the estimate of soluble solid content after ripening.
2.5. Fruit quality and storage ability influenced by harvest time difference
As harvest time being later, the fruit soluble solid content increased from 7.5˚Bx on 20th October, 8.8˚Bx on 30th October and 10.3°Bx on 10th November. All fruits from different harvests has increased soluble solid content during storage but the latest fruit from 10th November kept better soluble solid content level throught out storage period. Fruit firmness has decreased regardless of harvest time and it kept quite goot till 30th May, scoring 2kg/5mmΦ.
2.6. Fruit quality during storage affected by cultivation conditions
The fruit quality during storage from two different cultivation conditions were compared. Until 3 months after storage, fruit soluble solid content from wind net covered orchard was similar to open-field fruits until 3 months since after storage. Fruit firmness did not make difference between the fruits from both open-field and wind net covered orchards. However, the acidity of fruits from wind net covered orchards tended to keep slightly higher by 3 months after storage.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 17
• CONTENTS ... 22
• 목차 ... 24
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 26
• 제1절 연구개발대상 기술의 경제적.산업적 중요성 및 연구개발의 필요성 ... 26
• 제2절 연구개발의 목표 및 범위 ... 28
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 29
• 1. 국내 연구 현황 ... 29
• 2. 외국의 연구현황 ... 30
• 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 32
• 제1절 차별화된 골드 및 그린 참다래 육성과 골드키위 고품질 안정 생산 기술개발 ... 32
• 1. 배꼽이 없는 차별화된 골드 참다래 육성 ... 32
• 가. RAPD에 의한 골드키위 계통 유연관계 분석 ... 32
• 나. 골드키위 계통의 특성검정 및 선발 ... 36
• 2. 대과 원통형 차별화된 그린 참다래 육성 ... 57
• 가. RAPD에 의한 그린키위 계통 유연관계 분석 ... 57
• 나. 그린키위 계통의 특성검정 및 선발 ... 59
• 3. 골드키위 고품질 종합생산 기술개발 ... 77
• 가. 골드키위 '해금'의 적정 착과수준 ... 77
• 나. 골드키위의 '해금'의 적정 수확기 판정 ... 80
• 다. 골드키위 재배농가 토양의 화학성 및 생육기 엽분석 ... 84
• 라. 골드 및 그린키위 궤양병 저항성 검정 및 병해충 발생조사 ... 89
• 마. 참다래 종별 과실 항산화성분함량 및 육성계통의 화학적 성분 ... 96
• 제2절 골드키위 수확 후 고품질 관리 및 유통력 증진 ... 114
• 1. 재배지역별 저장 중 과실품질 변화 ... 114
• 2. 저장고 입고온도별 과실품질 변화 ... 116
• 3. 비대제(CPPU) 처리 유무에 따른 저장기간별 과실품질 변화 ... 118
• 4. 골드키위 계통의 수확시와 후숙시 과실품질 상관관계 분석 ... 121
• 5. 수확시기별 과실품질 및 저장력 조사 ... 126
• 6. 재배양식별 저장 중 과실품질 및 저장력 ... 128
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 130
• 1. 연구개발의 목표 달성도 ... 130
• 2. 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 131
• 제5장 연구개발 성과 및 성과활용 계획 ... 132
• 1. 연구개발 성과 ... 132
• 2. 성과활용 계획 ... 136
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 156
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 158
• 끝페이지 ... 164