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Kafe 바로가기주관연구기관 | 한국지질자원연구원 Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources |
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연구책임자 | 고동찬 |
참여연구자 | 김용철 , 문상호 , 문희선 , 석희준 , 윤욱 , 윤윤열 , 윤희성 , 이길용 , 이병대 , 그외 다수 |
보고서유형 | 연차보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 | 한국어 |
발행년월 | 2014-12 |
주관부처 | 미래창조과학부 KA |
사업 관리 기관 | 한국지질자원연구원 Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources |
등록번호 | TRKO201500000683 |
DB 구축일자 | 2015-04-18 |
키워드 | 지하수-지표수 상호작용,영양염류,기저유출,해저기저유출groundwater-surface water interaction,nutrients,baseflow,submarine groundwater discharge |
최종(연차)목표:
◦ 수권경계면에서 물질순환 평가를 위한 수리생태학적 기법 개발 및 수리환경요소간 상호작용 규명
- 수리경계면에서의 상호작용을 규명하기 위한 수리생태학적 다중 기법 개발
- 해저유출 지하수 특성 평가를 통한 지하수-해수 상호작용 규명
개발내용 및 결과:
◦ 다중기법 기반 지하수-지표수 환경전이대에서의 물질교화 및 상호 작용 규명을 위해 동위원소 기반 물순환 및 물질거동 평가 기법개발, 하천변 지하수-지표수 상호작용 평가 기법 개발, 영양염류 및 금속류의 지구화학적/생물지구화학적 변화 기작
최종(연차)목표:
◦ 수권경계면에서 물질순환 평가를 위한 수리생태학적 기법 개발 및 수리환경요소간 상호작용 규명
- 수리경계면에서의 상호작용을 규명하기 위한 수리생태학적 다중 기법 개발
- 해저유출 지하수 특성 평가를 통한 지하수-해수 상호작용 규명
개발내용 및 결과:
◦ 다중기법 기반 지하수-지표수 환경전이대에서의 물질교화 및 상호 작용 규명을 위해 동위원소 기반 물순환 및 물질거동 평가 기법개발, 하천변 지하수-지표수 상호작용 평가 기법 개발, 영양염류 및 금속류의 지구화학적/생물지구화학적 변화 기작 규명 및 환경전이대 미생물 생태 특성 분석
◦ 해저유출 지하수 평가를 우한 다중해석 기법 개발을 위해 방사성 추적자 및 항공 원격탐사와 같은 다중 기법을 이용한 SGD 평가 기술 및 담수/해수 경계대 관리 및 평가 기술 개발
◦ 환경전이대 물질순환 및 수리생태 평가 요소 기술 개발을 우해 지하수-호수 경계대내 질소 변환 과정을 중심으로한 수리학 및 생물지구화학 현장연구, 비소 및 영양물질과 습지식물체과의 생지구화학적 상호작용기작 규명을 위한 실내 실험 기반 구축, 해안지하수 유출지역의 수질, 미생물군집 특성 분석 및 하천변 대수층 내미생물 군집 변화 조사
기대효과:
◦지하수-지표수 상호작용을 고려한 유역규모에서 기후변화에 따른 수자원 변동성 평가 및 국가 수자원 정책 활용
◦부영양화 방지, 오염물 총량 관리 체계 보완 등 지표수계 수질 관리의 효율성 증대에 기여
◦지하수유입 특성을 고려한 연안 해수 수질 관리 체계 구축에 활용
적용분야;
◦지하수-지표수 상호작용을 고려한 국가 수자원 정책 수립기반자료
◦영양염류 등에 대한 유역규모 오염물 총량관리 기초 자료 확보
◦하천수, 연안 해수 등 지표수계 수질관리기술 및 방안 기반 구축
CFCs results of 7points located on aluvial layer near Nakdong river showed groundwater age in the aquifer is old with ages greater than 50, vertical age gradient were verified at each multi depth well. Since biodegradation can occur in anaerobic condition, groundwater age shoud be checked using SF6,
CFCs results of 7points located on aluvial layer near Nakdong river showed groundwater age in the aquifer is old with ages greater than 50, vertical age gradient were verified at each multi depth well. Since biodegradation can occur in anaerobic condition, groundwater age shoud be checked using SF6, and 3H/3He
Be-7 is a cosmogenic radionuclide produced in the stratosphere and troposphere as a result of cosmic ray spallation of nitrogen and oxygen. It has a relatively short half-life (T1/2 = 53.3 days) and emits a gamma-ray of 477.6 keV. Shortly after production, these isotopes become attached to aerosols and are transported through the atmosphere and ultimately, via precipitation, to the Earth’s surface, where they enter soils, marine sediments and ground water. In this study, we observed the seasonal variation of the Be-7 activities in air by a continuous sampling with a high volume air dust sampler. And also, Be-7 and H-3 activities in precipitation were determined. The monthly activity level of Be-7 in air was ranged from 1.94 to 47.2 Bq/㎥. Be-7 in the precipitation was separated using cation exchange resin and the activity level was ranged from 0.29 to 0.99 Bq/L. H-3 was analyzed using electrolytic enrichment method and activity ranged from 0.50 to 2.22 Bq/L
The variations of chemical composition and stable isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen integrated precipitation, soil water, groundwater and surface water ere performed on a weekly basis to estimate mean transit time and understand water cycle characteristics at the watershed in Gyeryong mountain. Isotopic fractionation of precipitation showed different pattern by difference of temperature according to altitude and vegetation at small study area as 3.96 ㎢. Since reduction effect of oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition by altitude and rainfall occurrence and the variational difference between Cl and Oxygen isotope were observed at surface water, it was verified that the contribution of interflow and baseflow was changed even a short period of time. The variations of isotopic composition and chemical composition of intergrated water indicate vegetation activity and saturation of soil are major factors that control water transit time.
For water resources security, field measurement and analysis of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope were performed at small watershed around Do-rim stream in Seoul to understand how water derived from atmosphere moves to subsurface and from subsurface to stream over time. For this study, it was proven that systematic errors of hydrological separation can occur differentiation of water isotopes over time. In addition, when performing hydrological separation considering the passage of time using the variations of oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation and stream according to rainfall occurrence, the runoff of rainfall was dominated right after the storm. After two days later, the contribution of groundwater was dominated again.
Dilution gaging experiment in field was performed to obtain net flux, mass loss, Qloss,MIN, Qloss,MAX, Qgain,MIN, and Qgain,MAX between upper and lower reaches of the Youndgo-chen in cheongwon. According to result, mass loss is 8.158 kg and the Youndgo-chen is regarded as losing stream since net flux shows negative. Although three cases have different values of net flux, HSUK3와 HSUK4 most reliable calculate 0.079 ㎥/s와 0.069 ㎥/s in loss of net flux, respectively. The highest loss in HSUK3와 HSUK4 are 0.092㎥/s와 0.092 ㎥/s, respectively and the lowest loss in HSUK3와 HSUK4 are 0.087 ㎥/s와 0.083 ㎥/s, respectively. On the other hand, the highest gain in HSUK3와 HSUK4 are 0.013㎥/s and 0.024 ㎥/s, respectively and the lowest gain in HSUK3와 HSUK4 are 0.008 ㎥/s와 0.014 ㎥/s, respectively. Also, temporally varying stream temperature with daily period and temperatures at different depths within steambed are used to estimate seepage velocities using the method of Hatch et al. (2006) and sensitivity analysis are performed.
In this study, a new type of automated seepage meter, named as Darcian Flux Meter (DFM), to get time series of Darcian flux across water-sediment interface was proposed and tested in near-shore environment. In a field test, a two-step approach as used to get time series of Darcian flux: (1) determination of vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) of submerged sediments; and (2) monitoring of temporal variations in hydraulic gradient at the exactly same point which the vertical hydraulic conductivity was determined. With the given values of vertical hydraulic conductivity and observed hydraulic head data, time series of Darcian flux could be calculated using Darcy’s law. Relationships between driving force for groundwater-surface water interaction and its responding hydraulic heads were linear, indicating that the Kv of submerge sediment within the chamber of DFM was nearly constant during the monitoring of hydraulic heads, and that the resulting time series of Darcian flux was valid.
Based on groundwater depth and flow rates measured in stream water, groundwater used for water curtain cultivation in the study area would be supplied from Nosung stream near wells. Increasing number of wells, compared to those in 2010 and 2011, led to increase in the amount of groundwater consumption, resulting in losing stream in 2014. With measuring in the field, groundwater and stream water were collected in 2014. Plot of oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions indicated that of the groundwater studied, groundwater in Buin-ri was affected by the more evaporation, compared to those in Wangjeon-ri. The higher proportion of rice paddy in Buin-ri than in Wangjeon-ri characterized by water curtain cultivation driven the water isotopic composition enriched. Groundwater in the study area was classified according to variation of electron acceptors during the study period. High Fe2+ concentration represented that groundwater was under anaerobic condition. In addition, considering the fate of NO3- and SO42- with Fe2+, groundwater would be under the system including complex redox reactions, for example, denitrification, Fe reduction, sulfate reduction. For this suggestion, it is desirable to study in more detail. Both NO3- and SO42- showed either increase or decrease in wells including the period when Fe2+ was not detected. In contrary, either Fe2+ or Mn2+ varied corresponding to SO42- in wells that Fe2+ was always detected. These occurrences resulted from the different degree of linkage between ground and surface environment. We will determine carbon isotopic composition for dissolved inorganic carbon and dual isotopic composition for nitrate and sulfate of water samples to decipher hydrogeochemical processes occurring in groundwater
Submarine groundwater discharge is defined as direct groundwater outflux across aquifer-ocean interface and has been recognized to be a potentially significant pathway of groundwater and dissolved chemical species in it to the coastal zone. In this study, aerial remote sensing technology was developed and applied to detect the regional occurrence of SGD. The method uses temperature difference between groundwater and seawater as groundwater maintains constant temperature over year while seawater shows strong seasonal variations. Airborne thermal imagery successfully captured strong cold plumes along the coastline and in situ investigation demonstrates significant influce of SGD on the nearshore water quality. The measured groundwater discharge rate showed a nice correlation with the cold plume sizes from aerial thermal image. The technology can provide a new methodology for the quantification of regional SGD rate.
SGD also has a strong influence of microbial community structure of the coastal zone. DNA pyrosequencing and statistical community analyses result demonstrated the evolution of microbial community structure of coastal water according to periodic sea level change. Results also showed that some of the microbes in the ebb tide samples does not belong to both groundwater and seawater. It is assumed to be originated from coastal aquifer and tidal fluctuation seems to have a strong influence on the detachment and flushing of microbes in the coastal sediment and aquifer. Further study is required to understand how the microbial community of coastal zones are related to SGD and coastal hydrology.
A new continuous radon monitoring (CRM) system was developed for determining radon activity at the groundwater - surface water interface. The CRM system and radon mass balance model were applied to quantifying SGD in Sogeun Bay on Taean Peninsula, Korea.
The developed floating device to monitor the time series change of the freshwater-saltwater interface, named sea water intrusion monitoring (SWIM) probe, has been improved on its design and applicability. And we made a blueprint for a prototype product of the SWIM probe. The applicability and excellence of the developed device has been verified using continuous well logging with borehole camera. The result of cross correlation analysis among tide, rainfall, groundwater and interface level data shows that the correlation between tide and groundwater level is highest and the effect of rainfall is very low until now. Further study should include the effect of the distance from the coast line and the improvement of the time series models forecasting the interface level.
Microbial communities capable of carrying out denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) were found in sediments from locations where anaerobic, nitrate-contaminated groundwater discharged to the lake; aerobic groundwater with low nitrate concentrations (“uncontaminated”) discharged to the lake; and lake-water recharged the aquifer. However, the indigenous microbial population at the lake-water recharge site exhibited the highest potential denitrification rates and was the only population capable of significant nitrification and mineralization rates. The microbial population in sediments at the site where uncontaminated groundwater discharged to the lake exhibited minimal rates of denitrification. The microbial population in sediments from the site where anaerobic, nitrate-contaminated wastewater discharged to the lake exhibited intermediate potential denitrification rates. Results of laboratory incubations suggested that anammox was the dominant nitrogen-cycling process in aquifer sediments collected below the organic-rich surficial sediments. Changes in dissolved oxygen, total dissolved carbon dioxide, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater at the lake-water recharge site yielded estimates of oxygen consumption rates of at least 5 micromoles per liter per hour (uM/hr); aerobic respiration rates of at least 4 uM/hr; and nitrification rates of at least 0.4 uM/hr. Results suggested that the rates of these processes were 2-5 times faster in the surficial sediments as compared to the deeper sediments.
This study was investigated the effects of added aqueous iron or sulfate on the As sequestration in soils and bioaccumulation. In the presence of plants, high Fe and high SO42- levels are good for As sequestration in the wetland sediment. It is interesting to find that As uptake by wetland plants (Scirpus actus) could mainly influenced by SO42- rather than Fe, especially under low SO42- conditions. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analyses indicated that As might be co-distributed with Fe in plants.
Surface water-groundwater interaction was investigated in terms of microbial community structure. As the study site one of water-curtain cultivation area was selected, since heavy groundwater pumping/extraction is carried out during the cold season for additional warming the green houses by the groundwater temperature higher than the surface (stream) water. Heavy groundwater pumping is supposed to induce decline of groundwater level and migration of the nearby or adjacent stream water to the aquifer, which in turn changes the aquifer condition in the geochemical view point and even microbial community structures at least short period. The results of diversity and abundance of bacterial community structures and dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene indicate that two groups between stream (surface) water and groundwater show less statistical similarity than expected. This presumably suggests that microbial migration is limited in the given geological matrix, (i.e., silty and clay aquifer), unlikely the dissolved materials such as chemical compounds and organic materials, which could induce activation of indigenous bacteria and biogechemical reactions such as microbial redox reactions on Fe, sulfate, etc.
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