초록 ▼

연구목적
○ 소방공무원의 체력관리 프로그램 운영지침 개발
○ 현장활동 작업강도 및 생리적 변화 분석 및 DB 구축
○ 안전작업 매뉴얼 개발
연구내용
○ 소방공무원의 체력관리 프로그램 운영지침 개발
: 소방공무원의 체력조사 및 분석
: 소방공무원의 체력관리 프로그램 운영지침 개발
○ 소방공무원의 현장활동 작업강도 분석 및 DB화
: 소방공무원의 현장활동 작업분류
: 인간공학적 작업강도 평가
: 생리적 변화를 고려한 작업강도 평가
: 적정 근무시간과 적정 휴식시간 산출모델

연구목적
○ 소방공무원의 체력관리 프로그램 운영지침 개발
○ 현장활동 작업강도 및 생리적 변화 분석 및 DB 구축
○ 안전작업 매뉴얼 개발
연구내용
○ 소방공무원의 체력관리 프로그램 운영지침 개발
: 소방공무원의 체력조사 및 분석
: 소방공무원의 체력관리 프로그램 운영지침 개발
○ 소방공무원의 현장활동 작업강도 분석 및 DB화
: 소방공무원의 현장활동 작업분류
: 인간공학적 작업강도 평가
: 생리적 변화를 고려한 작업강도 평가
: 적정 근무시간과 적정 휴식시간 산출모델 제안
○ 소방공무원의 현장활동 생리적 변화 분석
: 소방공무원의 주관적 생리적 변화 분석을 위한 설문조사
: 환경별 생리적 변화 실험 분석
: 임상검사를 통한 생리적 변화 분석
○ 소방공무원의 현장활동 보건안전작업 매뉴얼 개발
: 작업강도 및 생리적 변화 평가 프로그램 개발
: 현장활동 안전사고 예방 프로그램
: 현장활동에 따른 근골격계질환 예방관리 매뉴얼
: 소방공무원의 작업별 안전 매뉴얼 개발
기대효과 및 활용방안
○ 체력관리 프로그램의 운영·관리책임을 구체화 할 수 있도록 관련 법규정 개정안을 제시하고, 소방관서의 시설․공간․장비 설치 및 체력단련 운영방법 등을 정할 수 있도록 “소방공무원의 체력관리 프로그램 운영지침(안)”을 제시하여 체력증진을 통한 소방공무원의 건강장해 예방 정책수립에 기여
○ 현장활동 작업강도 및 생리적 변화 분석에 따른 적정 근무시간과 적정 휴식시간 산출모델이 개발되어 적정 근무시간, 휴식 및 업무적합성 평가 등 소방공무원의 인사, 행정 정책 수립에 기여
○ 소방공무원의 시회심리적 요인 관리를 통해 신체적, 정신적 건강을 확보하여 소방활동 능력을 함양시키기 위한 정책 반영에 기여
○ 현장활동 안전작업 매뉴얼이 개발되어 소방공무원의 건강과 안전사고예방에 기여

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Conclusions
1. Development of operational guideline for fire fighters' fitness management program
1) Survey and analysis for fire fighters' physical fitness
We found that fire fighters were agile since they had as fast whole body reaction time as fencer, Japanese fencer, boxer, etc. When

Ⅳ. Conclusions
1. Development of operational guideline for fire fighters' fitness management program
1) Survey and analysis for fire fighters' physical fitness
We found that fire fighters were agile since they had as fast whole body reaction time as fencer, Japanese fencer, boxer, etc. When it came to ability to react instantly, they fell behind boxer. In terms of grasping power, fire fighters participating in survey turned out to be weaker than athletes in existing records.
2) Suggestion for provision reform related to fire fighters' fitness management program
We suggested to revise the subsections 2 article 23 of the safety and health management regulations(the Ministry of Security and Public Administration ordinance) into “The chief of the fire department must offer physical training program which is suitable for individual fire fighter to manage physical strength regularly and equipment for physical training, space establishment and operation structure in the fire department. Physical training time must be appointed and managed during the workday”.
3) Suggestion of operational guideline for fire fighters' fitness management program
In terms of fire fighters' effective safety management, we suggested "operational guideline for fire fighters’fitness management program” to offer physical training program suitable for individual fire fighter and assign equipment for physical training, space and operation instruction in the fire department.
2. Analysis of scene activities work Intensity for fire fighters and database construction
1) Subdivision of fire fighters' Scene Activities
We classified fire fighters' work as 4 fields in detail which were basics, fire suppression, rescue and first aid, 33 occupational groups and 58 unit works through experts' advisory council.
2) Work intensity evaluation using ergonomic tools
From OWAS analysis, smoke eliminating using air blower, low speed fog stream and rescue utilizing helicopter were categorized as the level 4 that is the highest intensity of work. From RULA analysis, 27.3%(15 works) belonged to the level 4 that is the highest intensity of work and the estimation by REBA revealed that search inside building and lifting a patient were the level 4.
3) Work Intensity evaluation considering physiological changes
The results of respiration gas analysis showed that 1)compulsory smoke eliminating, lifesaving and hose unfolding/ hanging up/ fog stream in fire suppression and 2)underground lifesaving in rescue re classified as very hard task. 3)From mobilization to patient transportation, every action was classified as moderate task in first aid. Though the first aid had lower intensity of work than fire or rescue, we could assume that there was risk of accumulated work intensity due to frequent mobilization.
4) Suggestion for optimal duty hours and break time
As for optimal duty hours calculated by maximal oxygen consumption, 1~2 duty hour(s) was shown to be optimal without feeling tired for moderate intensity of work such as 1)opening the door, installing airbag and first aid. From 30 minutes to 1 hour is optimal for hard work such as 2)unfolding ladder, investigation of underground building and carrying sufferer on stretcher. 15~30 minutes is optimal for very hard work like 3)compulsory smoke eliminating, lifesaving in fire, hanging up the hose and underground lifesaving.
Meanwhile, as for optimal break time estimation through Murrell’s Equation, 1)after one hour of work, average necessary break time turned out to be 37 minutes for fire suppression, 36 minutes for rescue and 30 minutes for first aid. 2)By the intensity of work, average necessary break time after one hour work turned out to be 39 minutes for hard work(unfolding ladder, investigation of underground building and carrying sufferer on stretcher), 43 minutes for very hard work(compulsory smoke eliminating, lifesaving in fire, hanging up the hose and underground lifesaving). Therefore, it seemed that manpower arrangement, commitment and withdrawal should be done considering optimal duty hours and break time.
3. Analysis of fire fighters' physiological changes according to scene activities
1) Questionnaire survey for fire fighters' subjective physiological changes
The average of firefighters’ job requirements were higher than those of Korean workers, especially in the administrative and rescue groups. The rate of high risk groups for PTSD(post-traumatic stress disorders) showed significantly positive correlation with the age, the tenure, the status. This result meant that firefighters who experienced a traumatic event at least once, must participate in the stress management program, regardless of their age and their status. The rescue groups showed higher experience rate of low back pain than other groups. The rescue groups need to take some prevention of low back pain.
2) Experimental analysis of physiological changes
The temperature, the humidity, the sweat rate in fire-retardant clothing were increased as exercise intensity was increased. Wearing fire-retardant clothing, the humidity rose by 20% when the exercise intensity rose by 1 unit. When the exercise intensity rose by 1 unit, maximal oxygen uptake(VO2 max), respiratory exchange ratio and tidal volume rose by 27%, 7% and 20% respectively.
3) Analysis of physiological changes through clinical tests
(1) Blood concentration of hs-CRP which has good correlation with metabolic syndrome(MS) and cardiovascular diseases was proportional to the number of risk elements of MS.
(2) The vascular endothelial cell function tests which are deeply related to occurrence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in diabetes cautious and diabetic group were significantly different from normal group. While adiponectin level was higher in normal group sE-selectin and fibrinogen level which are adhesion factors of blood wall were higher in diabetes cautious group and diabetic group. Therefore, if HbA1c is higher than reference value, the risk of cardiovascular disorders increases. In other words, it will be helpful to perform endothelial cell functional tests when cardiovascular disease management program is implemented for fire fighters.
(3) The vascular endothelial cell function tests of high risk group in impact of event scale and depression scale were significantly different from normal group. In high risk group adiponectin level was lower and fibrinogen was higher than normal group. It is considered that psychological factors can affect the occurrence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
(4) In the correlation analysis between the Korean job stress scores and immune function test results, adiponectin level showed negative correlation with job culture and job instability area.
(5) In short, the risk of cardiovascular disease increased in diabetes cautious group and groups of high impact of event scale and depression scale and those that were high in job instability and job culture area. It is regarded that these results should be a good guide to conduct prevention activity for cardiovascular diseases.
(6) SDNN, TP, LF, the activity indicator of sympathetic nerve, and RMSSD, HF, the activity indicator of parasympathetic nerve tended to decrease significantly as age increased. That is, the activity indicator of autonomic nerve decreases as age increases.
(7) As LF/HF which is ratio of sympathetic nerve to parasympathetic nerve showed negative in day shift work, it was assumed that resilience become weak. On the other hand, LF/HF showed positive in night shift work so that it was assumed that resilience should be intact. In short, the resilience tended to decrease after 5 days shift work. Therefore, regulation on duty hour and break time is necessary to improve physiological resilience of fire fighters.
4. Development of fire fighters' health and safety manual in scene activities
1) Development of the evaluation program for work intensity and physiological changes
We developed computerized work intensity evaluation program of all the process of duty utilizing result database of work intensity andphysiological changes analysis. Fire fighters can check and analyse their amount of work done with this program and take measures. It also evaluates mental health and work postures of fire fighters so that they can manage their stresses and raise understanding of their job. Lastly, they can analyse the work intensity by individual and center with this program which is composed to induce preparation plan accordingly.
2) Program for safety accident prevention in scene activities
There is no systematic procedure for investigation and prevention of safety accident in Korea. So we need to enact “program for the technical cause of the safety accident, etc” which determines essentials to safety accidents investigation and records management in the existing “the safety and health management regulations for fire fighters, chapter 8”.
3) Preventive management manual for musculoskeletal disorders in scene activities
We decribed hazardous factors of musculoskeletal disorders which could be exposed during scene activities and proposed improvement countermeasure and direction of musculoskeletal disorders prevention that fit duty characteristics. Also, we offered the checklist to evaluate their own performances objectively by themselves.
4) Development of fire fighters' safety manual by work types
We specified the risk elements of fire fighters by work types in scene activities and developed the manual for the purpose of prevention and education to reduce work load and ensure the safety. he safety manual included details of work, critical risk factors and safety work instruction by work types. We also specified job field to the work contents to apprehend from the common work of fire suppression, rescue, first aid to individual work by each field.