[보고서]기상청 지진관측망에 관측된 지진원 위치 결정의 오차 평가 및 GT 수준 지진 카탈로그 작성

김광희

[국가R&D연구보고서] 기상청 지진관측망에 관측된 지진원 위치 결정의 오차 평가 및 GT 수준 지진 카탈로그 작성
Quantitative Evaluation of KNSN Earthquake Location Quality and Ground Truth Earthquake Catalog 원문보기

보고서 정보
주관연구기관	한국해양과학기술원
연구책임자	김광희
참여연구자	김한준 , 정갑식 , 강수영
보고서유형	1단계보고서
발행국가	대한민국
언어	한국어
발행년월	2014-03
과제시작연도	2013
주관부처	기상청
과제관리전문기관	한국기상산업진흥원 Korea Meteorological Industry Promotion Agency
등록번호	TRKO201500008320
과제고유번호	1365001733
사업명	지진기술개발사업
DB 구축일자	2015-07-04
키워드	오차평가.진원위치.지진관측망.지진카탈로그.Error estimation.Earthquake location.Seismic network.Earthquake catalog.GT.

초록 ▼

1. GT0 지진카탈로그 작성
- 활용 가능한 기존 GT0 자료 수집
- 임시지진관측소 운영(11개 지역)을 통한 GT0 지진자료 수집
- 기존 및 신규 획득 GT 자료 활용 가능성 분석
2. 국가지진관측망 지진발생위치 결정 정확성 분석의 정량적 평가요소 및 운용기준 제시
- 기존 GT 자료와 임시지진관측소 운영을 통해 수집한 자료를 이용한 GT2 수준 지진발생위치 정확성 평가기준 제시
3. GT2 및 GT5 수준 이벤트 관측자료 선별 및 목록화
- 국가지진관측망 지진발생위치 결정의 정량적 운용 기준을 2004-2012 기상청에서 관측하고 발표한 지진목록 적용
- KGT2 및 KGT5 기준 만족하는 지진목록 작성
4. 오차 분포도 작성 및 오차 높은 지역 선별
- KGT 운용기준을 적용시 한반도 내륙 및 주변해역에서 발생하는 지진의 발생위치 결정시 오차가 클 것으로 예상되는 지역 선별 및 제시

Abstract ▼

IV. Results of the Study
GT data collected during the first year of the project have been analyzed. We tried two 1-D velocity models for global earth and five 1-D velocity models tailored and proposed for Korea. We chose one of them for the further analysis.
We report a list of earthquakes occurring between 2004 and 2006 that satisfy KGT5 criteria. Errors in the earthquake locations reported by KNSN are also examined using the method proposed by Peter and Crosson (1972).
More than 300 first arrival time readings from KCRT-2008 explosions are used to develop KGT5 criteria for KNSN. Results indicates earthquake locations with first arrival time readings from more than 8 seismic stations, prescribed conditions of primary and secondary azimuthal gaps, and at least one station at epicentral distance less than 30 km are expected to have less than 5 km error. They are also expected to lie within 95% confidence interval.
Precise earthquake source parameters are determined by Octa-tree technique (a grid search method). Results are compared with those announced by National Institute of Meteorological Research to reveal there are less than 5 km difference in their locations. It is also noticed those located outside the seismic network including those in north Korea and oceans are subject to large errors.
The study also established a criteria for GT2 using records during the KCRT-2008. First arrival times are fine-tuned to provide improved estimation of travel time from sources to receivers. We also select data with high arrival time reading weight. In order to develop GT2 criteria, we introduce Network Metric. Careful examination indicates that primary azimuthal gap with less than 221, secondary azimuthal gap with less than 270, more than 5 arrival time readings, and network metric less than 0.60 are required to determine the source parameters with less than 2 km error.

목차 Contents

표지 ... 1
제출문 ... 2
보고서 요약서 ... 3
요 약 문 ... 4
SUMMARY ... 7
CONTENTS ... 10
목차 ... 12
그림 및 표 목차 ... 14
제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 20
제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 22
제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 24
3.1 GT 이벤트 자료 수집 및 국가지진관측망 지진관측 역량 평가 ... 24
3.1.1 GT 자료획득 및 목록작성을 위한 임시지진관측소 선정 ... 24
3.1.2 진원결정방법 ... 25
3.1.3 GT 자료수집 ... 26
3.1.4 GT 자료수집을 위한 임시지진관측소 운영 ... 52
3.1.5 국내 GT5 수준 이벤트 관측자료 선별 및 목록화 ... 58
3.1.6 기상청 국가지진관측망 지진관측 역량 ... 62
3.1.7 진원요소 결정의 정확성 ... 63
3.1.8 결과 및 고찰 ... 65
3.1.9 참고문헌 ... 88
3.2 재표본 방법을 이용한 지진원 위치 오차 분석 방법 ... 90
3.2.1 서 론 ... 90
3.2.2. 본 론 ... 92
3.2.3 결 론 ... 116
3.3 Grid search 방법을 이용하여 1999-2010년도 기상청에서 발표한 지진원 위치 재결정 및 목록 작성 ... 118
3.3.1 기상청 지진관측망 ... 118
3.3.2 1999-2010 지진 발생 현황 ... 118
3.3.3 지진원 위치 결정 방법 ... 121
3.3.4 역산 방법 ... 123
3.3.5 Grid search ... 123
3.3.6 Oct-tree 방법을 이용한 지진원 위치 재결정 결과 ... 127
3.3.7 결론 ... 140
3.3.8 참고문헌 ... 142
3.4 GT2 수준 정확성 평가기준 수립 ... 143
3.4.1 서론 ... 143
3.4.2 본론 ... 143
3.4.3 결론 ... 145
3.4.4 참고문헌 ... 149
제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 150
제 5 장 연구 개발 결과 활용 계획 ... 151
1. 연구목표 및 내용 ... 151
2. 연구수행결과 현황 ... 151
3. 연구성과 ... 153
4. 기술이전 및 연구결과 활용계획 ... 153
4. 기대효과 ... 153
5. 문제점 및 건의사항 ... 154
제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학 기술정보 ... 155
제7장 연구시설ㆍ장비 현황 ... 156
부 록 ... 157
끝페이지 ... 175

표/그림 (116)

표 Location of the KMA seismic stations
표 Global GT5 criteria
표 EBGT3 Criteria
표 Location of temporary seismic stations and KMA seismic stations.
표 KCRT2008 explosion sites and Location of the KMA seismic stations.
표 Information of KCRT2002 explosion sites
표 Information of KCRT2004 explosion sites
표 Information of KCRT2008 explosion sites
표 Waveforms by KCRT2008 at the explosion site 1. Waveforms are recorded by KNSN and vertical components are shown.
표 Waveforms by KCRT2008 at the explosion site 4. Waveforms are recorded by KNSN and vertical components are shown.
표 Information of D experiment site
표 Boring and (b) explosive charge for borehole blasting
표 Borehole test blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations.
표 Information of Wanju quarry site
표 Blasting site in Wanju quarry.
표 (a)　Satellite image of the Wanju quarry and （ｂ）　quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations
표 Wanju quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations.
표 Information of Haenam quarry site
표 (a) Satellite image of the Haenam quarry and (b) waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations
표 Haenam quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations.
표 Blasts in Pocheon quarry site
표 Blasts Pocheon temporary seismic station
표 (a, b) Pocheon temporary seismic station, (c) satellite image of the quarry and (d) quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations
표 Blasts Yeongju temporary seismic station
표 Blasts in Yeongju quarry
표 (a) Yeongju temporary seismic station, (b, c) satellite image of the Yeongju quarry and quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations
표 Blasts in Ulsan quarry
표 Blasts Ulsan temporary seismic station.
표 Blasts Yeoncheon temporary seismic station
표 (a) Yeoncheon temporary seismic station, (b, c) satellite image of the Yeoncheon quarry and (d) quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations
표 Yeoncheon quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations.
표 KMA temporary seismic station
표 Hoengseong quarry and quarry blasting waveforms recorded KMA seismic stations
표 Blasting site in Hoengseong quarry.
표 Hoengseong quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations.
표 Blasts SCH temporary seismic station
표 Blasts HYS temporary seismic station
표 Blasts of JJM temporary seismic station
표 Temporary seismic stations installed around Hoengseong quarry
표 List of Danyang underground blasts
표 Blasts Danyang temporary seismic station
표 Danyang quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations.
표 Blasts Iksan temporary seismic station
표 Iksan temporary seismic station, (b, c) satellite image of the Iksan quarry and (d) blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations
표 Iksan quarry blasting waveforms recorded at KMA seismic stations.
표 Temporary seismic station at Jangsung quarry site
표 Jangsung quarry site.
표 Explosion at Jansung quarry site.
표 Waveforms recorded at KMA seismic station after the Jangsu quarry blast.
표 Temporary seismic station at Gochang quarry site
표 Gochang quarry site
표 Explosion at Gochang quarry site.
표 Waveforms recorded at KMA seismic station after the Jangsu quarry blast.
표 Quality based on error estimates defined in Hypoellipse
표 Quality based on many parameters used in SQD-HYPO71 quality
표 Station distribution quality as defined in HYPO71. Dmin is the distance to the nearest station
표 1-D P-wave velocity model.
표 Map view of the result for the D test site using Hypoellipse with the velocity model proposed by Kim and Jeong (1985). Red star is a located man-made earthquake epicenter and yellow stars indicate locations of recorded KMA seismic stations.
표 Map view of the result for the Wanju quarry using Hypoellipse with the velocity model proposed by Kim and Jeong (1985). Red star is a located man-made earthquake epicenter and yellow stars indicate locations of recorded KMA seismic stations.
표 Map view of the result for the Haenam quarry using Hypoellipse with the velocity model proposed by Kim and Jeong (1985). Red star is a located man-made earthquake epicenter and yellow stars indicate locations of recorded KMA seismic stations.
표 Map view of the result for the Yeoncheon quarry using Hypoellipse with the velocity model proposed by Kim and Jeong (1985). Red star is a located man-made earthquake epicenter and yellow stars indicate locations of recorded KMA seismic stations.
표 Map view of the result for the Heongseong quarry using Hypoellipse with the velocity model proposed by Kim and Jeong (1985). Red star is a located man-made earthquake epicenter and yellow stars indicate locations of recorded KMA seismic stations.
표 Map view of the result for the Danyang quarry using Hypoellipse with the velocity model proposed by Kim and Jeong (1985). Red star is a located man-made earthquake epicenter and yellow stars indicate locations of recorded KMA seismic stations.
표 Map view of the result for the Iksan quarry using Hypoellipse with the velocity model proposed by Kim and Jeong (1985). Red star is a located man-made earthquake epicenter and yellow stars indicate locations of recorded KMA seismic stations.
표 Hypocenters of man-made earthquake from this study.
표 Map showing the epicentral errors (in km) calculated for the KNSN.
표 Map showing the epicentral errors (in km) calculated for the KNSN.
표 Map showing the epicentral errors (in km) calculated for the KNSN.
표 Map showing the epicentral errors (in km) calculated for the KNSN.
표 Index map showing that the location in Figure 3.1.45 and Figure 3.1.46 is marked by a solid rectangle. Triangles denote the location of KNSN stations operated by KMA. Small dots are earthquake location recorded and reported by KNSN between 2007 and 2010 including micro-earthquakes
표 Distribution of epicentral errors in the center of KNSN seismic network.
표 Distribution of epicentral errors in the center of KNSN seismic network.
표 Global GT5 criteria
표 EBGT Criteria for the Kaapvaal Craton
표 Location of the KMA seismic stations and KCRT-2008 explosion sites
표 Detailed information of KCRT-2008 explosion sites
표 P-wave 1-D velocity used for locating GT0 events.
표 Inversion results for the shot #1 using HYPOELLIPSE with Chang and Baag (2006) and IASP91 model.
표 Inversion results for the shot #2 using HYPOELLIPSE with Chang and Baag (2006) and IASP91 model.
표 Inversion results for the shot #3 using HYPOELLIPSE with Chang and Baag (2006) and IASP91 model.
표 Inversion results for the shot #4 using HYPOELLIPSE with Chang and Baag (2006) and IASP91 model.
표 Inversion results for the shot #5 using HYPOELLIPSE with Chang and Baag (2006) and IASP91 model.
표 Inversion results for the shot #6 using HYPOELLIPSE with Chang and Baag (2006) and IASP91 model.
표 Inversion results for the shot #7 using HYPOELLIPSE with Chang and Baag (2006) and IASP91 model.
표 Inversion results for the shot #8 using HYPOELLIPSE with Chang and Baag (2006) and IASP91 model.
표 Summary of the inversion results for the KCRT-2008 GT0 events using HYPOELLIPSE
표 (a) Locating errors related with a number of stations, (b) primary azimuthal gaps, (c) secondary azimuthal gaps, (d) a number of stations within epicentral distances less than 30 km, (e) a number of stations within epicentral distances less than 50 km, and (f) a number of stations within epicentral distances less than 100 km.
표 Locating errors sorted with at least a station existing within epicentral distances less than 30 km and primary azimuthal gaps, and (b) secondary azimuthal gaps .
표 The relationship between primary azimuths and accumulated density function for the number of station is 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 respectively.
표 The relationship between secondary azimuths and accumulated density function for the number of station is 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 respectively.
표 KGT5 earthquake catalogue for 2007-2008 (time is in UTC, hr=hour, mn=minute, the units of primary and secondary azimuthal gaps are in degrees, and rms is in second).
표 Summary cartoon of KGT5 criteria.
표 Locations of the KNSN stations
표 Locations of earthquakes occuring between 1999 and 2010, and they were relocated by NIMR seismological group.
표 One-dimensional velocity model used for computing travel time
표 (a) One dimensional velocity model used in this study from Kim and Jung, 1983, (b) computed travel times, and (c) computed propagating ray angles.
표 Schematic view of the Oct-tree method
표 Systematic vies for finding PDF using oct-tree method.
표 A example of 2D projection from the oct-tree structure and compact representation of the PDF.
표 The status of cells for the initial grid search.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occuring in 2000
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2001.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2002.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2003.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2004.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2005.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2006.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2007.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2008.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2009.
표 Relocating results using the "NLLoc" for earthquakes occurring in 2010.
표 3D view for the earthquakes occurring in 2009.Red dots indicate probability density, sky blue ellipsoieds represent confidential boudary, and green bars show P wave residuals for each station
표 The numbers of available first arrival picks and tried realizations for KCRT-2008 explosion data. Note extremly large errors with epicentral error with greater than 100 km are excluded for study.
표 (Left) Location error with the number of available phase readings. Gray dots represent the location errors from some 170,000 realizations. Dotted and solid lines show median and 95% quantile curves, respectively. For instance, 95% of the crosses are below the 95% quantile curve. Mislocation of 2 km and 3 km are shwon by broken land solid lines for reference. (Right) Cumulative distribution of mislocations for all realizations. Errors with 3 km and 2 km are shown by solid and dotted lines, respectively.
표 (Left) Location error with the network metric. (Right) Cumulative distribution of mislocations for all realizations. Errors with 3 km and 2 km are shown by solid and dotted lines, respectively.
표 Cumulative distribution of mislocations for all realizations satisfying GT2 criteria established in this study.

과제명(ProjectTitle) :	-
연구책임자(Manager) :	-
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총연구비 (DetailSeriesProject) :	-
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연합인증

[국가R&D연구보고서] 기상청 지진관측망에 관측된 지진원 위치 결정의 오차 평가 및 GT 수준 지진 카탈로그 작성
Quantitative Evaluation of KNSN Earthquake Location Quality and Ground Truth Earthquake Catalog 원문보기