초록 ▼

□ 과제명 : 벼 무논직파 안정생산을 위한 재배기술 체계 확립
▶ 연구목적
○ 벼 무논직파 재배 안정화 기술 개발 : 품종선정, 파종한계기, 적정질소시비량, 재식거리 설정, 입모, 잡초방제, 생리적 특성 등
▶ 주요연구내용
○ 1세부과제명: 고품질 벼 품종의 무논점파 재배 적응성 검토
- 수원에서 안전출수한계기인 8월 25일 이전에 출수하면서, 쌀 수량성을 기준으로 한 벼 고품질 품종으로서는 운광벼, 평원벼, 삼광벼, 호품벼, 칠보벼임
- 기계이앙재배와 대비한 수량지수는 평원벼가 103.8로 가장 높

□ 과제명 : 벼 무논직파 안정생산을 위한 재배기술 체계 확립
▶ 연구목적
○ 벼 무논직파 재배 안정화 기술 개발 : 품종선정, 파종한계기, 적정질소시비량, 재식거리 설정, 입모, 잡초방제, 생리적 특성 등
▶ 주요연구내용
○ 1세부과제명: 고품질 벼 품종의 무논점파 재배 적응성 검토
- 수원에서 안전출수한계기인 8월 25일 이전에 출수하면서, 쌀 수량성을 기준으로 한 벼 고품질 품종으로서는 운광벼, 평원벼, 삼광벼, 호품벼, 칠보벼임
- 기계이앙재배와 대비한 수량지수는 평원벼가 103.8로 가장 높았고,운광벼가 98.0, 호품벼가 95.8, 삼광벼가 92.7, 칠보벼가 91.0임
○ 2세부과제명: 벼 무논점파 안정생산 재배기술 구명
- 수원지역의 벼 무논점파 재배에서 출수한계기인 8월 30일 이전에출수되는 파종시기는 운광벼 6월 9일, 호품벼 5월 30일임
- 남부지역에서 벼 무논점파 최적파종기는 5월 30일, 안전출수 한계기인 8월 31일로 본 파종한계기는 6월 19일임
- 남부지역에서 벼 무논점파 재배시 생육 및 수량을 고려하여 본 적정질소시비량은 9kg/10a, 적정 재식밀도는 70/3.3㎡주임
○ 3세부과제명: 벼 무논점파 재배 생리특성 연구
- 유묘의 유리당 총 함량 변화는 WD-3와 PBR이 주안, 남평보다 모든환경 조건(저산소, 무산소, 무처리)에서 처리 후 증가폭이 높았음
- 내성 품종군의 α-Amylase 활성은 비내성 품종군에 비해 발아 초기에 높은 특성을 보였음
- 무산소 및 저산소처리에서 alpha-amylase (RAMY3D)발현은 감소하였고, beta-amylase (BAMY1), alpha-glucosidase유전자의 발현이 증가하였음
○ 4세부과제명: 벼 무논직파 입모안정화 재배기술 연구
- 무논점파재배시 적정 논굳힘 일수는 로타리 후 3일이 알맞음
- 물관리 방법은 파종 후 2일에 1일 간 간헐담수를 하는 것이 알맞음
- 밀 2모작재배시 6월 15일 이내에 파종하는 것이 안전 할 것으로 판단되었으며, 늦어도 6월 25일 까지는 파종하여야 출수만한기 이내에 출수되었음
○ 5세부과제명: 벼 직파재배 양식별 물절약 기술개발
- 벼 재배양식별 유묘 활착 이후(이앙 후 20일)부터 간단 관개(증발, 증산,침투에 의해 자연적으로 감소되어 논 바닥이 드러낸 상태에서 관개)를 실시함으로서 관개수가 약 23% 절약 됨
- 한발에 강한 품종은 서평벼, 새누리, 진백벼, 주남벼 및 다청벼 등이며,신동진벼, 상남밭벼, 해찬물결, 다미벼, 평안벼, 드래찬, 청청진미, 고품벼, 일품벼 및 보석찰벼는 한발에 따른 수량감소가 크게 나타났음
○ 6세부과제명: 벼 무논직파 재배 잡초관리 기술
- 제초제 저항성 강피를 방제에는 0.5엽기에는 oxadiazon 유제, pyrazolate 액상수화제 등이 효과적이었고, 2엽기 이내는 mefenacet 및 fentrazamide가 효과적이었음
- 제초제 저항성 무논조파 논에서 제초제 저항성 잡초 올채이고랭이, 물달개비 방제에 벤조비싸이크론+페녹슐람+벤설푸론 정제가 효과적이었음
- 무논조파 논에서 파종이 늦어질수록 주요 논 잡초인 피, 물달개비, 올챙이고랭이의 3엽기 소요일수는 짧았으며, 5월 20일 파종할 경우 파종후 17일까지 94% 이상의 잡초 방제 효과를 보였으나 5월 30일 및 6월10일 파종할 경우는 파종 후 12일 이내 제초제를 처리하여야 효과적임
○ 7세부과제명: 벼 포트재배 대체기술 개발
- 무논직파 질소비료 감비재배시 쌀 수량은 광안, 호품, 동진1, 2호,평안, 대산, 호안 등이 500kg/10a 이상으로 높았음
- 산파상자를 이용한 소식재배의 경우 100g 정도를 파종하고, 재식밀도를 60주/3.3㎡가 알맞음
- 남평, 새누리, 동진1호, 온누리, 눈보라, 백설찰, 황금누리, 조운,청호, 삼광, 다미, 상미 품종은 키다리병 발병율이 낮았음

Abstract ▼

Direct seeding of rice is time- and labor-saving method, compared to machine transplanting. However, the area of direct-seeded rice is on the decrease because of instability of seedling establishment, lodging, occurrence of weedy rice, deterioration of grain quality. A newly developed wet-hill-seedi

Direct seeding of rice is time- and labor-saving method, compared to machine transplanting. However, the area of direct-seeded rice is on the decrease because of instability of seedling establishment, lodging, occurrence of weedy rice, deterioration of grain quality. A newly developed wet-hill-seeding of rice, a sort of direct seeding method, showed features of growth similar to transplanting of rice.
We carried out to select high quality rice cultivar adapted in wet hill seeding cultivation of paddy rice, at Suwon region of middle plain of South Korea. In the terms of the optimum heading date(August 25) and rice yield in Suwon for wet hill seeding cultivation. We can conclude that five rice cultivars of Unkwangbyeo, Pyeongwonbyeo, Samkwangbyeo, Hopumbyeo, Chilbobyeo are more resonable in the wet hill seeding cultivation at Suwon region. However, we have the project how to get earlier seedling stand for the stable growth and yield in the wet hill sowing cultivation.
In the region of Suwon where is the middle plain of South Korea, seeding dates are 6 times which are April 30, May 10, May 20, May 30. Jun. 9, and Jun. 19 for estimating the most reasonable seeding date in wet hill seeding of paddy rice. Nitrgen rates are N 7, 9, 11, 13 kg per 10a, for checking the stable nitrogen rate in wet hill seeding of paddy rice. and seeding densities of hill numbers per 3.3 ㎡ are 60, 70, 80 and 90. Rice cultivars are Unkwangbyeo and Hopumbyeo. We carried out these projects for three years from 2009 to 2011 for our objective. The critical seeding dates of the cultivar based on heading dates and yield are Jun. 9 of Unkwangbyeo, and May 30 of Hopumbyeo in the wet hill seeding culture of paddy rice. The reasonable Nitrogen rates according to rice growth anc yield are N 7~9 kg per 10a for two cultivars in the wet hill seeding culture of paddy rice. The optimum range of seeding densities for these cultivars by the plant status and rice yield are from 70 hills to 80 hills per 3.3 ㎡ in the wet hill seeding culture of paddy rice.
In the region of Iksan where is the south-western plain of South Korea, seeding dates are 6 times which are April 30, May 10, May 20, May 30. Jun. 9 and Jun. 19 for estimating the most reasonable seeding date in wet hill seeding of paddy rice. Nitrgen rates are N 7, 9, 11, 13kg per 10a, for diagnosing the stable nitrogen rate in wet hill seeding of paddy rice. Rice cultivars are Unkwangbyeo and Hopumbyeo. We carried out two projects for two years from 2009 to 2010 for our goal. In terms of quality and yield, it is recommended that seeding dates from May 30 to June 9 for Unkwangbyeo, and from May 20 to May 30 for Hopumbyeo for the farmers who adapt the cultivation method of direct drill seeding on flooded paddy surface in Honam plain area. It is recommended to apply 9kg/10a of N in direct seeded on puddled surface for rice cultivation rice in southern part of Korea. In addition, in views of rice yield, it is recommended that seeding densities for two cultivars is 70 hills per 3.3 ㎡.
Tillering of wet-hill-seeded rice was faster than that of transplanted rice. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage of wet-hill-seeded rice was 1.3∼2 folds that of transplanted rice. Wet-direct seeded rice demonstrated longer culms, shorter panicles, and later heading than transplanted rice while it showed heading duration similar to transplanted rice. Wet-hill seeded rice and transplanted rice exhibited no difference in the ratio of grain filling and perfect brown rice on each heading date during total heading period. Occurrence of weedy rice on wet-hill-seeded paddy was higher than those of transplanted paddy but lower than broadcasted paddy. In the flooded paddy field, WD-3 and PBR showed the seedling establishment rates two times higher than Juanbyeo and Nampyeongbyeo. In the laboratory experiment, the coleoptile elongation of WD-3 and PBR under anoxia was much faster than that of Juan and Nampyeong. Concentration of total soluble sugar and maltose in anoxic-seedlings of WD-3 and PBR were higher than those of Juan and Nampyeong. α-Amylase activity of WD-3 and PBR seedlings at anoxic pretreatment was higher than that of Juan and Nampyeong. β-Amylase activity of WD-3 and PBR seedlings after anoxic treatment increased in a greater extent than those of Juan and Nampyeong. For comparative analysis of gene expression related with anoxia-tolerance, WD-3 (tolerant) and Juan (intolerant), were assayed for subsequent microarray experiment. WD-3 seedlings expressed genes related to antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress more than Juan seedlings. Hypoxic- and anoxic-WD-3 seedlings highly expressed starch degrading BAMY1 gene, glycolysis-related ppi-PFK and fructose bisphosphate aldolase genes than Juan seedlings.
To develop water management method for enhancing the seedling establishment under direct seeding on flooded paddy surface, this experiment was conducted at experimental station of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crops in Iksan on May 20, 2010. The late planting led to late heading in which the first planting headed before August 31(the last date for safe heading), and the second (June 20) and the third (June 25) plantings headed before September 5 (the critical late heading date). Yield and perfect rice ratio were decreased in late plantings, and reduced significantly in the last planting (July 5). According to these findings on seedling stand, growth, and yield, 3 days of dry after puddling, intermittent irrigation after 2 days after seeding for stable seedling stand in direct seeded rice on puddled paddy surface. Considering seedling stand, heading date, and yield, direct-seeding date before June 15 is optimum and it is recommended no later than June 25 in rice-wheat double cropping in Honam plain area
Dominant weed species in direct seeded rice on puddled paddy surface were Echinochloa oryzicola, Scirpus juncoides, Monochoria vaginalis, Cyperus difformis and Ludwigia prostrata, and Simpson dominance was 0.272 in 2009. The simpson diversity in 2010 was decreased as cpmpared with it of 200. The occurrence density of Echinochloa oryzicola, Scirpus juncoides, Monochoria vaginalis, Cyperus difformis and Ludwigia prostrata in 2011 was higher as compared to those of 2009 and 2010. Benzobicyclone, mesotrione and pyrimisulfan were very effective to sulfonylurea-resistant Scirpus juncoides and Monochoria vaginalis in 5 and 12 days after seeding in direct seeded rice on puddled paddy surface. however, the efficacy of bromobutide to was decreased slightly in 12 days after seeding. And carfentrazon and pyrazolate were ineffective to Scirpus juncoides. In direct seeded rice on puddled paddy surface which ACCase and ALS inhibitor-resistant Echinochloa oryzicola was not occurred, benzobicyclon+penoxsulam+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl ET, bromobutide+imazosulfuron+ metamifop GR, and flucetosulfuron+mesotrione+pretilachlor GR showed the effect over to main weeds included sulfonylurea-resistant Scirpus juncoides and Monochoria vaginalis. The Echinochloa oryzicola dominating in direct seeded rice on puddled paddy surface were not any affected to the survival by treatment with recommended doses of cyhalofop-butyl and penoxsulam tested. The resistant Echinochloa oryzicola was effectively controled by mefenacet and fentrazamide up to the second leaf stage. In direct seeded rice on puddled paddy surface domiated with high density of herbicide-resistant Echinochloa oryzicola, Scirpus juncoides and Monochoria vaginalis, "one-shot herbicide" included with mefenacet, fentrazamide, penoxsulam and metamifop could't be used because of low control effect and rice injury. The squential treatment of benzobicyclon+thiobencarb SE and bensulfuron+mefenacet+thiobencarb GR controlled effectively it in in direct seeded rice on puddled paddy surface dominated with herbicide-resistant Echinochloa oryzicola, Scirpus juncoides and Monochoria vaginalis.
Under the lower N rate, seedling stand, stem length, tiller number, and yield were decreased in many varieties. However, harvest index and perfect rice yield were increased in some varieties under the lower N rate. Highest yield under the lower N rate were ranked by Kwanganbyeo, Hopumbyeo, Pyeonganbyeo, Donganbyeo, Dongjin1, and Dongjin2 in wet-direct seedling cultivation. In transplanting cultivation, Hanareum, Hopum, Hanmaeum, Cheongcheongjinmi, and Sindongjin showed highest yield under the lower N rate. However, Hanareum, Hopum, and Daepyeongbyoe showed highest perfect rice yield under the lower N rate.
To achieve the comparable productivity to pot seedling transplanting, seed rate and planting density were tested for conventional tray seedling box. Seeding rate were 45, 65, 100, 130, and 200g for tray, and 40g for pot tray. And seedlings were planted by the density of 50, 60, 70 hills per 3.3㎡. 1. Plot of 100g seed rate of tray showd similar rice growth to pot seedling. 130 and 200g seed rate plot were less than other seed rate plots. 2. Rice yield was highest in the planting density of 60 hill per ㎡. 3. At the planting density of 60 hill per ㎡, rice yield of 100 g seed rate plot was 498 kg/10a and pot seedling plot was 519kg/10a. Rice yield of tray seedling was less than pot seedling by 5 to 13%. As a result, 100g seed rate for the tray seedling was seed to be acceptable for low planting density. Additional experiment would be required to use the result in field.
In seedling raising, after fungicide treatment, 17 rice cultivars such as Nampyeongbyeo showed 1% or less occurrence rate, but 12 rice cultivars such as Ilpumbyeo showed 3.1% or more occurrence rate. At maximum tillering stage, after fungicide treatment, 21 rice cultivars such as Nampyeongbyeo showed 1% or less occurrence rate, but 16 rice cultivars such as Hopumbyeo showed 3.1% or more occurrence rate. At panicle initiation stage, after fungicide treatment, 27 rice cultivars such as Nampyeongbyeo showed 1% or less occurrence rate, but 25 rice cultivars such as Hopumbyeo showed 3.1% or more occurrence rate. At heading stage, after fungicide treatment, 28 rice cultivars such as Nampyeongbyeo showed 1% or less occurrence rate, but 30 rice cultivars such as Hopumbyeo showed 3.1% or more occurrence rate. Bakanae disease occurred consistently from raising seedling stage to after heading in Sambaeg, Boseokchal, Gopum. The occurring rate were low in raising seedling stage but continued to late growth stage in Heughang, Jinbu, Taebong. Nampyeong, Dongan, Hwashin1, Manpum, Hoan, Areum were bakanae disease resistant rice cultivar which showed 1% or less occurring rate in both raising seedling and growth stage after transplanting.
Water-saving irrigation practices are urgently required to improve the function of environmental conservation by maximizing rainfall availability and minimizing water supply in rice paddy field. Optimum water management for rice cultivation in paddy is the best way to save agricultural water and increase rice production.
In 2009 during farming season, conventional irrigation quantity in transplanting cultivation was 989 mm and irrigation quantity in intermittent irrigation was 768 mm, conventional irrigation quantity in direct seeding on flooded surface was 849 mm and irrigation quantity in intermittent irrigation was 642 mm.
In 2010, conventional irrigation quantity in transplanting cultivation was 809 mm and in intermittent irrigation was 638 mm, conventional irrigation quantity in direct seeding on flooded surface was 778 mm and in intermittent irrigation was 601 mm.
And conventional irrigation quantity in direct seeding on dry paddy was 810 mm, irrigation quantity in intermittent irrigation was 635 mm. The amount of irrigated water was saved by 22% in intermittent irrigation compared to conventional irrigation.
Each of the culm length and panicle length were similar by water management method, and the number of panicle per square meter was higher in intermittent irrigation. Rice yield was higher in intermittent irrigation compared to conventional irrigation field. Grain quality was better in intermittent flow irrigation field, but protein content and amylose content were not different by water management.

목차 Contents

• 제출문 ... 1
• 요약문 ... 2
• SUMMARY ... 6
• 제 1 장 서 론 ... 10
• 제1절 고품질 벼 품종의 무논점파 재배적응성 검토 ... 10
• 제2절 벼 무논점파 안정생산 재배기술 구명 ... 11
• 제3절 벼 무논점파 재배 생리특성 연구 ... 12
• 제4절 벼 무논직파 입모안정화 재배기술 연구 ... 15
• 제5절 벼 직파재배 양식별 물 절약 기술개발 ... 15
• 제6절 벼 무논직파 재배 잡초관리 연구 ... 16
• 제7절 벼 포트재배 대체기술 개발 ... 17
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 19
• 제1절 고품질 벼 품종의 무논점파 재배적응성 검토 ... 19
• 제2절 벼 무논점파 안정생산 재배기술 구명 ... 20
• 제3절 벼 무논점파 재배 생리특성 연구 ... 21
• 제4절 벼 무논직파 입모안정화 재배기술 연구 ... 21
• 제5절 벼 직파재배 양식별 물 절약 기술개발 ... 24
• 제6절 벼 무논직파 재배 잡초관리 연구 ... 25
• 제7절 벼 포트재배 대체기술 개발 ... 25
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 28
• 제1절 고품질 벼 품종의 무논점파 재배적응성 검토 ... 28
• 제2절 벼 무논점파 안정생산 재배기술 구명 ... 37
• 제3절 벼 무논점파 재배 생리특성 연구 ... 58
• 제4절 벼 무논직파 입모안정화 재배기술 연구 ... 95
• 제5절 벼 직파재배 양식별 물 절약 기술개발 ... 107
• 제6절 벼 무논직파 재배 잡초관리 연구 ... 121
• 제7절 벼 포트재배 대체기술 개발 ... 143
• 제 4 장 연구개발 목표 달성도 및 대외 기여도 ... 167
• 제1절 목표대비 달성도 ... 167
• 제2절 정량적 성과 ... 167
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 173
• 제 6 장 중요 변동사항 ... 174
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 176
• 참고 1 연차평가 지적사항 및 조치결과 ... 187
• 참고 2 주요연구 성과 ... 188
• 주요 결과 요약서 ... 206
• 끝페이지 ... 207