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Kafe 바로가기주관연구기관 | 국립농업과학원 |
---|---|
연구책임자 | 최만영 |
참여연구자 | 김정환 , 김형환 , 박진우 |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 | 한국어 |
발행년월 | 2012-02 |
과제시작연도 | 2011 |
주관부처 | 농촌진흥청 |
사업 관리 기관 | 농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration |
등록번호 | TRKO201500009755 |
과제고유번호 | 1395021851 |
DB 구축일자 | 2015-07-11 |
▶ 주요연구내용
○ 1세부과제명 : 딸기 해충 생물적방제 현장적용 연구
- 딸기해충의 생물적방제 중심의 종합방제기술 실증
· 점박이응애 방제 칠레이리응애 이용방법: 1차 10월말, 2차 11월중순, 3차 1월말, 4차 2월초 등 4회 방제, 3마리/㎡ (200평당 1통)
· 진딧물 방제 콜레마니진디벌 이용방법: 12월초 1회 방사, 0.75마리/㎡ (200평당 1통)
· 총채벌레 방제 미끌애꽃노린재 이용방법: 12월초 방사, 0.75마리/㎡ (200평당 1통)
· 담배거세미나방 방제: 미생물 농약인
▶ 주요연구내용
○ 1세부과제명 : 딸기 해충 생물적방제 현장적용 연구
- 딸기해충의 생물적방제 중심의 종합방제기술 실증
· 점박이응애 방제 칠레이리응애 이용방법: 1차 10월말, 2차 11월중순, 3차 1월말, 4차 2월초 등 4회 방제, 3마리/㎡ (200평당 1통)
· 진딧물 방제 콜레마니진디벌 이용방법: 12월초 1회 방사, 0.75마리/㎡ (200평당 1통)
· 총채벌레 방제 미끌애꽃노린재 이용방법: 12월초 방사, 0.75마리/㎡ (200평당 1통)
· 담배거세미나방 방제: 미생물 농약인 팔콘, 런너, 토박이, 솔빛채 중 하나 이용
- 농민이 따라 하기 쉬운 매뉴얼 작성 : 책 출판
· 천적활용 딸기해충 방제 기술 (2011. 3. 31)
· 딸기해충의 생태도감 (2011. 12. 출간 예정)
○ 2세부과제명 : 고추 해충 생물적방제 현장적용 연구
- 고추 작부시기별 해충 발생량과 천적방사 모델 개발
○ 3세부과제명 : 오이 해충 생물적방제 현장적용 연구
- 시설오이 주요 해충의 천적 이용 기술 모델 개발
· 오이 해충, 목화진딧물, 꽃노랑총채벌레 등 5종 천적 이용 기술 모델 개발
· 해충별 적용천적 종, 방사시기, 방사량, 방사횟수 등 기술 개발
○ 4세부과제명 : 수박 해충 생물적방제 현장적용 연구
- 시설수박 주요 해충의 천적 이용 기술 모델 개발
· 수박 해충, 목화진딧물, 점박이응애 등 5종 천적 이용 기술 모델 개발
· 해충별 적용천적 종, 방사시기, 방사량, 방사횟수 등 기술 개발
○ 5세부과제명 : 상추 해충 생물적방제 현장적용 연구
- 시설상추 주요 해충의 천적 이용 기술 모델 개발
· 상추 해충, 싸리수염진딧물, 꽃노랑총채벌레 등 4종 천적 이용 기술 모델 개발
· 해충별 적용천적 종, 방사시기, 방사량, 방사횟수 등 기술 개발
○ 6세부과제명 : 농약과 천적의 상호보완적 이용 연구
- 사막이리응애에 대한 저독성 농약
· 아세타미프리드(수), 인독사카브(수), 피메트로진(수), 루페루론(유), 플로니카미드(입상),플루벤디아마이드(액상), 노발루론(액상), 메톡시페노자이드(액상), 아세퀴노실(액상), 플루페녹수론(분산성액제), 에톡싸졸(액상), 헥시티아족스(수) 등 12 종
- 칠레이리응애에 대한 저독성 농약
· 피메트로진(수), 플로니카미드(입상), 플루벤디아마이드(액상), 메톡시페노자이드(액상), 에톡사졸(액상), 피리달릴(유), 헥시티아족스(수), 메타플루미존(액상), 메톡시페노자이드(수),비티아이자와이엔티0423(수) 등 10 종
○ 7세부과제명 : 딸기, 토마토 주요 병해 생물적 방제 현장적용 연구
- 토마토 생물적 방제용 방제약제 1종 선발
- 딸기, 토마토 생물적 방제 및 생육촉진 효과 현장적용 연구 : 2건
○ 8세부과제명 : 토마토 해충의 생물적방제 현장적용 연구
- 개량 drift 법 활용 천적 이용 효율 증진
· 점착트랩을 활용하여 온실가루이 밀도를 정밀조사하여 밀도가 토마토 한주당 1~5마리 수준에 도달하면 천적을 주당 1마리 밀도로 3~5회 연속 방사하는 방법
○ 10세부과제명 : 고추 역병과 탄저병 생물적방제 기술 개발 및 현장적용 연구
- 염류집적 환경에서 길항 활성 균주 선발
· 500mM NaCl 60-72시간 활성유지 균주 : YJR102
- 길항미생물의 고추 역병, 탄저병에 대한 현장적용
· 수량증진 및 역병균 억제 효과를 보인 균주 : YJR27
- 고추 역병 및 탄저병 방제효과를 보이는 천연부산물 확보 : 6종/47종
· 발아, 발아관, 균사생장 억제효과를 보인 균주 : 일죽-3, 일죽-7, 신농-8, 신농-9
Biological control method against the pests occurring on strawberry, pepper, watermelon, lettuce, tomato, oriental melon, and cucumber was developed. Three predatory mites, Pytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus and Amblyseius swirskii were released singly or in combination of two species a
Biological control method against the pests occurring on strawberry, pepper, watermelon, lettuce, tomato, oriental melon, and cucumber was developed. Three predatory mites, Pytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus and Amblyseius swirskii were released singly or in combination of two species as following : (1)four releases of only Pytoseiulus persimilis, (2) first time release of Neoseiulus californicus and subsequent three releases of P. persimilis, and (3) first time release of Amblyseius swirskii and three subsequent releases of P. persimilis to control two spotted spidermite(TSSM) in strawberry greenhouse. The rate of release for the predatory mites was 3 mites in unit area (m2) except for A. swirskii with 18.8 per m2. The first release was done on Oct.26 and subsequent release dates were Nov.17 in 2010, Jan. 25, and Feb. 8 in 2011. In treatment 1, the TSSM population was maintained lower throughout the 6 month growing season than the other two treatments, but there were no statistically significant differences in population densities of TSSM among the treatments. This result suggest that multiple release may not always more effective than single release as was expected.
The effect of natural enemies on four major pests of hot plant was tested in plastic greenhouses. The aphid was successfully controlled by introduction of three Aphidius-banker plants and releasing with 23.3 wasps per m2 on April 16, and 23 in a greenhouse of 660㎡. To control thrips, Orius laevigatus was released two times, 3.0 bugs per ㎡ at a time (May 11st and June 12nd). And the thrips population was controlled under 0.3 thrips per flower growing season. To control of two mite and a whitefly, Tetranychus kanzawai, Bemisia tabaci and Polyhagotarsonemus latus, a total of 113.7 individuals of Amblyseius swirskii were released two times (May 11st and 30th), and the densities of B. tabaci and T. kanzawai were kept under 171.0 individuals/trap and 0.8 individual/leaf, respectively. P. latus was suppressed completely 12 days after the release.
Aphis gossypii, Aulacorthum solani, Tyrophagus neiswanderi, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Palpita indica were the important pest speices in cucumber greenhouse culture. Two banker plants were planted in 330 m2when cucumbers were just planted or Aphis gossypii occurs at a rate of 5 nymphs and adults per cucumber. Aphidius colemani was released 3-4 times at 14-20 days interval (0.8 mumy per m2) when the population of Aphis gossypii increased up to 10 nymphs and adults per 50 leafs. Propylea japonica was released 2 times at 14 days interval at a rate of 1-2 larva per cucumber when the population of Aphis gossypii increased up to 10 nymphs and adults per cucumber in greenhouse. Propylea japonica was released 2 times at 12-14 days interval at a rate of 0.2 larva per m2 when the population of Aulacorthum solani increased up to 200-300 nymphs and adults per 50 leafs in cucumber greenhouse which were forcing cultured between January and February or semi-forcing cultured between February and April. At the first occurrence of Tyrophagus neiswanderi (10 nymphs and adults per 50 leafs), Hypoaspis aculeifer and Amblyseius cucumeris were released at a rate of 15.2 and 38.0 nymphs and adults per m2, respectively. When the population of Tyrophaus neiswanderi increased up to 50 nymphs and adults per 50 leafs, Amblyseius cucumeris was released 2-3 times at 20 days interval (38 nymphs and adults per m2). Hypoaspis aculeifer was released 15.2 nymphs and adults per m2 simultaneously with the second release of Amblyseius cucumeris. Occurrence of unidentified insect pest (tentative name: Tyrophagus neiswanderi ) and damages of cucumber greenhouse in Chunan. Cucumbers were damaged by larva and adult stages of Tyrophagus neiswanderi . Followings are symptoms caused by Tyrophagus neiswanderi : White spots between leaf veins in seeding period, leading to tearing leafs, Low growth rate of leafs changing green to light green or dark green color, and cork of young fruit body.
Hypoaspis aculeifer was released at a rate 15.2 nymphs and adults per m2 when the population of Frankliniella occidentalis increased up to 10 larva and adults per 50 leafs semi-forcing cultured at March. Biocontrol efficacy was successfully maintained until the early of July when Amblyseius cucumeris was released 2 times at 12-14 days interval (38.0 nymphs and adults per m2) post-treatment of Hypoaspis aculeifer . When Frankliniella occidentalis occurred at a rate of 20 larva and adults per 50 leafs, Hypoaspis aculeifer and Amblyseius cucumeris were simultaneously released 3 times at 12-14 days interval (15.2 and 38.0 nymphs and adults, respectively) or Amblyseius cucumeris was released 2 times at 12-14 days interval at a rate of 76.0 nymphs and adults per m2. At the first occurrence of Frankliniella occidentalis (10 larva and adults per 50 leafs), Hypoaspis aculeifer was released at a rate of 15.2 nymphs and adults per m2. When the population of Frankliniella occidentalis increased up to 20 larva and adults per 50 leafs, Amblyseius swirskii was released 2 times at 14-20 days interval at a rate of 18.9 nymphs and adults per m2. At the first occurrence of Palpita indica (10 larva per 50 leafs), entomopathogenic nematodes were sprayed 2-3 times at 7-14 days interval at a rate of 30,000 IJs per m2. Followings are model developmented by control technique of natural enemy on the insect pest in cucumber greenhouses: Five insect pests, including Aphis gossypii, Aulacorthum solani, Tyrophagus neiswanderi, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Palpita indica, were successfully controlled by natural enemies in cucumber greenhouses which were forcing and semi-forcing cultured between December and March. For Aphis gossypii control, banker plants were planted at a rate of 2 pot per 330 m2. Aphidius colemani and Propylea japonica were released at a rate of 0.8 mumy per m2 and 0.2 larva per m2, respectively. For Aulacorthum solani control, Propylea japonica was used at a rate of 0.2 larva per m2. For Tyrophagus neiswanderi control, Hypoaspis aculeifer, Amblyseius cucumeris, and Amblyseius swirskii were combined at a rate of 15.2, 38.0, and 18.9 nymphs and adults per m2, respectively. For Palpita indica control, entomopathogenic nematodes were sprayed 2-4 times.
Aphis gossypii, Tetranychus urticae, Frankliniella occidentalis, Bradysia difformis, and Palpita indica were the important pest species in watermelon greenhouse. Combination of Aphidius colemani and Propylea japonica had an effective on Aphis gossypii control. Aphidius colemani was released at a rate of 0.8 mummy per m2 when the population of Aphis gossypii reached up to 10-20 nymphs and adults, followed Propylea japonica release two times at 14 days interval (0.2 larva per m2). Biocontrol efficacy in cucumber greenhouse lasted until July when Propylea japonica was released two times at 14 days interval (0.2 larva per m2). Two banker plants were planted in 330 m2 when watermelons were just planted. Aphidius colemani was released at a rate of 0.8 mummy per m2 as Aphis gossypii occurs at a rate of 10 nymphs and adults per 50 leafs. When the population of Aphis gossypii reached to 30 nymphs and adults per 50 leafs, Aphidius colemani was additionally released three times at 14-20 days interval (0.8 mummy per m2). Combination of Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius swirskii was effective for Tetranychus urticae control. As the population of Tetranychus urticae reached up to 10 nymphs and adults per 50 leafs, they released three times at 7-14 days interval (3 and 18.9 nymphs and adults, respectively). As Frankliniella occidentalis occurred at a rate of 4-5 larvae and adults per 50 leafs, Hypoaspis aculeifer was released in soil at a rate of 15.2 larvae and adults per m2. Additionally, Orius laevigatus was released two times at 12-14 days interval (0.8 larva per m2) when the population of Frankliniella occidentalis increased up to 10 larvae and adults. As Frankliniella occidentalis occurred at a rate of 4-5 larvae and adults per 50 leafs, Hypoaspis aculeifer was released in soil at a rate of 15.2 nymphs and adults per m2. Additionally, Amblyseius swirskii was released two or three times at 10-14 days interval (18.9 nymphs and adults per m2) when the population of Frankliniella occidentalis increased up to 10 larvae and adults. When watermelons were just planted or any Bradysia difformis was observed in sticky trap, Hypoaspis aculeifer was released at a rate of 15.2 nymphs and adults per m2. Thirty or fourty days after plantation of watermelon, Hypoaspis aculeifer was released once again. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were sprayed at a rate of 30,000 IJs per m2 as Palpita indica occurred at a rate of 5 larvae per 50 leafs.
Additionally, EPNs were sprayed two times at 7 days interval (30,000 IJs per m2) as Palpita indica larvae occurred at a rate of 10-15 larvae per 50 leafs. When the population of Palpita indicae increased over 20 larvae, EPNs were sprayed twice at a rate of 60,000 IJs per m2.
Biological controls in watermelon forcing culture and semi-forcing culture were below;Banker plant (2 pots per 330 m2), Aphidius colemani (0.8 mummy per ㎡), and Propylea japonica (0.2 larva per ㎡) for Aphis gossypii control. Phytoseiulus persimilis (3 nymphs and adults per ㎡) and Amblyseius swirskii (18.9 nymphs and adults per ㎡) for Tetranychus urticae control. Hypoaspis aculeifer (15.2 nymphs and adults per ㎡), Orius laevigatus (0.8 larva per ㎡), and Amblyseius swirskii (18.9 larvae and adults per ㎡) for Frankliniella occidentalis control. Hypoaspis aculeifer (15.2 nymphs and adults per ㎡) for Bradysia difformis control. EPNs (30,000 IJs per ㎡) for Palpita indica control.
Aulacorthum solani, Frankliniella occidentalis, Tetranychus urticae, and Autographa nigrisigna are the important pest species in lettuce greenhouse. As Aulacorthum solani occurred at a rate of 20 nymphs and adults per 50 leafs, Propylea japonica was released two or three times at 10-14 days interval (0.2 larva per m2). Hypoaspis aculeifer was released at a rate of 15.2 nymphs and adults per m2 when Frankliniella occidentalis larvae and adults occurred at a rate of 1-10 per 50 leafs of lettuce which were planted in May or later. Orius laevigatus was released twice at 10-14 days interval (0.8 larva and adults per m2) as the population of Frankliniella occidentalis reached up to 20 larvae and adults per 50 leafs. Orius laevigatus was released three times at 10-14 days interval (0.8 larva and adult per m2) or two times at 10-14 days interval (1.6 larvae and adults per m2) with no information of Frankliniella occidentalis occurrence. Hypoaspis aculeifer was released at a rate of 15.2 nymphs and adults per m2 in soil when Frankliniella occidentalis occurred at a rate of 5 larvae and adults per 50 leafs of lettuce which were planted in June or later. Additionally, Amblyseius swirskii was released three times at 14-21 days interval (18.9 nymphs and adults per m2) as the population of Frankliniella occidentalis increased up to 10 larvae and adults. Hypoaspis aculeifer was released at a rate of 30 nymphs and adults per m2 within 7 days of plantation. As the population of Tetranychus urticae reached up to 10마리 per 30 leafs, Amblyseius swirskii was additionally released at a rate of 35 nymphs and adults per m2. Seven to ten days after Amblyseius swirskii treatment, Phytoseiulus persimilis was released at a rate of 12 nymphs and adults per m2. As the population of Autographa nigrisigna reached up to 10 larvae per 50 leafs, entomopathogenic nematodes were sprayed two or three times at 10-14 days interval at a rate of 30,000 IJs per m2.
Biological controls in lettuce semi-forcing culture were below; Propylea japonica (0.2 larva per ㎡) for Aulacorthum solani control. Hypoaspis aculeifer (15.2 nymphs and adults per ㎡), Orius laevigatus (0.8 larva and adult per ㎡), and Amblyseius swirskii (18.9 nymphs and adults per ㎡) for Frankliniella occidentalis control. Hypoaspis aculeifer (15.2 nymphs and adults per ㎡), Phytoseiulus persimilis (12 nymphs and adults per ㎡), and Amblyseius swirskii (35 nymphs and adults per ㎡) for Tetranychus urticae control.
Entomopathogenic nemtatodes for Autographa nigrisigna control.
Toxicities of 50 pesticides enlisted for the control of insects occuring on strawberry and paprica were evaluated to sort out those that show low toxicity against selected natural enemies such as Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus. Among the pesticides 12 pesticides for Neoseiulus californicus and 10 for Phytoseiulus persimilis were fouund to show low toxicity. Toxicities of 29 pesticides being in use for the control of insect pests of cucumber against Encarsia formosa and Harmonia axiridis were tested and 7 were selected for E. formosa as low toxicity pesticides and 5 for H. axiridis.
Commercial microbial fungicide showed 86.9% control efficacy against powdery mildew and gray mold and it is the best control agent from three of microbial fungicides in 2009. The selected control agent was used as biological agent for environmental friendly control system of strawberry and tomato farms during 2010~2011.
EXTN-1 liquid and B-17 agent were used as control agents, and Geumhyang and Yookbo cultivars of strawberry were used for the second year(2010) experiment. The roots of strawberry were dipped in the liquid of the agents before transplanting. EXTN-1 treatment was of more higher control efficacy against gray mold; 55.9% in Geumhyang and 59.6% in Yookbo. Yookbo cultivar was higher resistant against powdery mildew, and control efficacy in EXTN-1 was higher as 54.1% than 52.5% in B17. Growth of strawberry plant was increased in treatments of microbial agents, especially in chlorophyll contents and leaf length. In addition, the treatment of microbial agents increased the rate of fruiting. EXTN-1 and BS07 agents were tested in the three year(2011) experiment for the root dipping before transplanting, the soil treatment, and the leaf spraying. Fruit productions were higher in all of the treatments compared with control. Chlorophyll contents and leaf length were higher in the treatments of BS07 and EXTN-1, and rate of runner production were increased in B4 and BS07 treatment.
For tomato control system in 2010, EXTN-1 WP, Silus WP and Qupect WP were treated on the leaves for 2~4 times of 1 week period. As the result, three times of the Silus WP liquid treatment from the early of Feb. showed 58.3% of control efficacy and it is the better than the control efficacy of the EXTN-1 treatments; 50.5% from the early of Feb or 55.6% from the middle of Feb. However, the Silus treatment was of low control efficacy against powdery mildew. EXTN-1 WP liquid and B17 were tested in the three year(2011) experiment. Tomato roots were treated in soil with the liquid of these agents and 3-4 times of leaf treated during the early growth stage. As the result, 3~4 times of EXTN-1 soil treatment were of 48.1~56.1% control efficacy and soil treatment and 3~4 times of leaf treatment of B17 were of highest control efficacy, 48.1~56.1% against gray mold. For powdery mildew soil treatment of B4 and 4 times of leaf treatment and soil treatment of B17 and 1~2 times of leaf treatment were of higher control efficacy, 53.8%.
We investigated the seasonal occurrence of tomato pests such as T. vaporariorum and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in tomato greenhouse during the cropping season. E. formosa was released by using its commercial mummy cards to control T. vaporariorum. The greenhouse sanitation was a very important factor to delay occurrence of T. vaporariorum and L. trifolii . Also, Tomato seedlings should be checked for contamination of these insects pests. When contaminated seedlings were transplanted, the occurrence of these pests was imminent, and biological control efficacy decreased significantly, requiring more number of natural enemy treatments. Also, emergence rates of E. formosa from the mummy cards were very low in the early season (February and March). Therefore, greenhouse temperature conditions should also be considered when applying natural enemies, and thus farmers should increase the application rates of natural enemies when temperature is low. The action threshold for application of E. formosa is recommended t be 1-5 T. vaporariorum per trap. It is also recommended that E. formosa should be released consecutively in a 3 week row.
Pest management program using natural enemies in oriental melon in the greenhouse. Also the natural enemies evaluated efficacy on eco-friendly material. Greenhouse control experiment was unable to suppress Aphis gossypii population at all tested density by released 1, 2 and 3 mummies of Aphidius colemani per square meter. The effective biological control of Neoseiulus californicus to Tetranychus urticae tested releasing 5:1(T. urticae : N. californicus), 8:1 and 25:1 in oriental melon in the greenhouse. N. californicus suppressed successful T. urticae population at all ratio. Also Phytoseiulus persimilis suppressed successful T. urticae. Greenhouse control experiment was unable to suppress Bemisia tabaci population by released 100 individuals of Amblyseiulus swirskii per square meter. Control value of Eco-friendly material K was 90.7% against adults of B. tabaci and 74.4% against larvae of B. tabaci . Greenhouse control experiment was unable to suppress thrips population by released 5 individual of Orius laevigatus per ㎡. Accumulation emerge of A. colemani on eco-friendly material were 16.9% by A, 23.0% by B and 1.5% by C. Survival rate against N. californicus was 31.3% on eco-friendly material A, 13.2% on B and 9.3% on C in the greenhouse. Mortality rate against A. swirskii was 20.0% on eco-friendly material A, 70.0% on B and 53.3% on C. Accumulation emerge of Propylea japonica eggs was 72.0% on eco-friendly material A, 47.0% on B and 45.5% on C. Mortality rate against larvae of Propylea japonica was 20.0% on eco-friendly material A, 47.7% on B and 76.7% on C, and mortality rate against adults of Propylea japonica was 6.7% on eco-friendly material A, 70.0% on B and 60.0% on C. Mortality rate against adults of Orius laevigatus was 96.5% on eco-friendly material A, 90.0% on B and 56.5% on C.
We also investigated the effects of water extracts of composts (CWE) from commercial compost facilities and antagonistic bacterial strains for controlling Phytophthora blight and anthracnose on pepper plants. CWE from composts Iljuk-3, Iljuk-7, Shinong-8, and Shinong-9 inhibited development of Phytophthora capsici including zoospore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth, and population in potting mixture. The CWE reduced the Phytophthora blight and anthracnose on pepper plants compared to the controls. In addition, CWE suppressed leaf infection of P. capsici and Colletotrichum coccodes on pepper plants and C. orbiculare on cucumber seedlings through induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants root-drenched with CWE. The tested CWE enhanced the expression of the pathogenesis-related genes as well as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase activities, and it might enhance plant defense against the pathogens in pepper or cucumber plants; however, it failed to inhibit other bacterial pathogens, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in pepper leaves and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber leaves. Moreover, in plastic house, the CWE could reduce Phytophthora blight on pepper plants. These results suggest the CWE can suppress Phytophthora blight and anthracnose on pepper plants, in addition, these suppressions might result from direct inhibition of development and population of the pathogen as well as indirect inhibition of foliar infection through ISR with broad-spectrum protection.
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