초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
강우에 의한 마늘잎마름병 발생을 확인하기 위해서 마늘생육기중에 비가림터널 재배를 실시한 결과 잎마름병 발생율은 2%이하로 노지처리의 50%에 비해 매우 낮게 나타나 생육기중의 강우가 잎마름병발생과 병징발생에 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 마늘잎 마름병 발생시기를 추적하기 위해서 마늘생육기중에 비가림터널의 비닐터널을 강우 전후에 제거하면서 이병시기를 추정한 결과 4월 중순에 제거시에 병반면적율이 40%정도였으나 4월 하순이후부터는 25%로 크게 감소하여 4월하순의 강우가 잎마름병발생에 중요한 요소임을 확

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
강우에 의한 마늘잎마름병 발생을 확인하기 위해서 마늘생육기중에 비가림터널 재배를 실시한 결과 잎마름병 발생율은 2%이하로 노지처리의 50%에 비해 매우 낮게 나타나 생육기중의 강우가 잎마름병발생과 병징발생에 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 마늘잎 마름병 발생시기를 추적하기 위해서 마늘생육기중에 비가림터널의 비닐터널을 강우 전후에 제거하면서 이병시기를 추정한 결과 4월 중순에 제거시에 병반면적율이 40%정도였으나 4월 하순이후부터는 25%로 크게 감소하여 4월하순의 강우가 잎마름병발생에 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다.
이러한 잎마름병 감염시기를 고려하여 마늘잎마름병 방제적기를 검토한 결과 4월하순 이후 강우전후에 사전방제 3회시 병반면적율이 13.6%이었으나 5월 초 이후 100주당 병반이 5개 일 때부터 5회 방제시에는 16.8%로 증가하여 사전방제효과가 확인되었다. 농가포장에서 사전방제효과를 검토한 결과 4월하순 병징발생전 3회살포시 병징발생후 3회 살포에 비해서 방제가는 50%정도 상승하는 효과를 확인하였다.
마늘잎마름병 방제에 유효한 친환경약제를 선발하기 위해 포자발아 억제효과가 우수한 6품목을 선발하여 야외포장에서 검정한 결과 올리고키토산 0.2%와 구리제제 0.1% 살포가 우수한 것을 확인하였다.
화학비료를 대체하기 위한 마늘유기재배에 필요한 유기퇴비의 투입량별 생육효과를 검토한 결과 퇴비기준량투입에 비해서 2배량 투입시에는 15%, 관행재배(퇴비기준량 및 마늘전용비료 투입) 및 3배량 투입시에는 16%의 수량증수효과가 나타나 퇴비2배량 투입시에 관행재배와 유사한 수량 확보가 가능하나 3배량인 6톤이상으로 사용할 경우에는 마늘잎마름병 발생이 10%이상 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.
마늘생육중 액비사용 가능성을 확인하기 위해서 청초발효 및 생선액비 처리효과를 조사한 결과 퇴비기준량시비에서는 쑥+유산균발효액비 및 쑥발효액비처리, 퇴비2배량시비에서는 미나리+유산균발효액비처리시 무처리에 비해서 수량이 증가하였으며 액비처리시 잎마름병의 발생은 퇴비기준량시비에서는 무처리에 비해서 증가하였고 퇴비2배량 투입시에는 쑥발효액비와 생선액비처리에서 병반면적율이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.
한지형 마늘의 녹비효과를 검토한 결과 녹비재배 후 재투입시 생체량은 수단그라스가 가장 높았고 배추재배보다 유기물함량은 증가하고 토양 pH와 EC는 처리별로 큰 차이가 없었으며 무처리의 경우 바랭이 등 잡초에 의한 생체 투입효과가 발생하였으며 녹비투입 후 수확시 마늘 지하부 및 지상부 개체중이 가장 높은 것은 수단그라스녹비처리로 전체적인 수량도 가장 높았으며 배추재배의 경우 유기물 재투입이 거의 이루어지지 않아 무처리와 비슷한 수량성이 나타났다.
멀칭비닐 색상별 마늘생육효과를 조사한 결과 녹색PE 및 흑색PE의 경우 관행 투명PE에 비해서 개체중, 구경, 구고 등이 증가하였고 잡초발생량은 감소하는 효과가 나타났으며 지중적산온도는 투명PE필름멀칭에 비해서 낮게 증가하였다.
마늘종구 식재시 종피분리효과를 검토한 결과 결주율은 관행종구에 비해서 15%감소하였고 개체중은 10%증가하여 전체적으로 수량이 증가하였다. 마늘주아식재시 소독효과를 검토한 결과 주아 발아율이 무처리시에는 67%, 베노밀처리시 95%, 락스처리시 98%, 키토산나노현탁액처리시에는 82%로 나타나 마늘주아 식재시에도 소독처리가 반드시 필요하였다.
한지형마늘의 크기별 저장조건시험에서 저장 4개월 후 중량변화는 대형크기의 마늘이 가장 높았고 소형이 경우 14%정도로 가장 낮은 반면에 부패율은 소형크기가 대형에 비해서 높게 나타났으며 박막코팅처리를 이용한 마늘저장시험에서 키토산+식물정향유 나노현탁액을 박막코팅 처리한 효과를 검토한 결과 무처리 건조에 비해서 부패율은 실내, 실외조건 모두 낮게 나타났으며 중량 감모율에 있어서는 무처리 건조처리와 비교할 때 차이가 없었다.

Abstract ▼

Garlic is one of main spice crop in Korea and consumed as an important ingredient in Kimdi and other foodstuff and famous for cardiovascular benefits. In Korea, garlic cultivar is classified as two ecological cultivar, northern and southern type. Northern type can overwinter before sprout is not eme

Garlic is one of main spice crop in Korea and consumed as an important ingredient in Kimdi and other foodstuff and famous for cardiovascular benefits. In Korea, garlic cultivar is classified as two ecological cultivar, northern and southern type. Northern type can overwinter before sprout is not emerged from clove and on the other hand, southern type can overwinter after the sprout is emerged before winter season.
Gyeongbuk province. Euisung county is famous for northern type garlic production and cooperation work between government and civil sector was introduced to increase profit for local farmers. To make a value added garlic produce, some kind of garlic related products were introduced in local area like black garlic and garlic beef. But, organic garlic farming in local county was introduced in recent years and only few organic farming technique were developed and extended by government office. So, to develop some organic cultivation technique in northern type garlic, several experiment were tried in local field of Euisung county.
The effects of green manure cropping for garlic cultivation was conducted to evaluate effect of green manure cropping in garlic cultivation and changes of chemical properties in soil. Green manure treatments were sudan grass, leaf mustard, fallow treatment and as non green manure treatment, chinese cabbage cultivation and conventional garlic farming systems were introduced in garlic plots. Green manure cropping were treated during early summer to early winter season for two years. After first green manure cropping treatment, organic matter content was not different among treatments except conventional farming. After second green manure treatment, organic material content was increased especially in sudan grass, leaf mustard and the lowest in chinese cabbage cultivation treatment. In addition, carbon dioxide occurrences in soil are highest in sudan grass and leaf mustard treatments and the lowest in chinese cabbage cultivation treatment during spring season. Garlic yields were not different among green manure treatment after first year treatment and garlic yields of green manure treatment was lower than conventional farming, but after second green manure cropping, garlic yields of sudan grass and leaf mustard treatments were higher than chinese cabbage treatment. Garlic leaf blight infection rates of green manure treatment were not different among treatments and lower than conventional garlic farming.
Garlic leaf blight is a major disease in garlic farming in conventional and organic practice. In these days, concern on environmental impact caused by agrochemicals is rising, so the issue of reducing agrochemicals load in agricultural environment and sustaining agricultural productivity at the same time.
Leaf blight is major disease in garlic and cause significant damage to plant leaf and in some case, plant is dried to death and bring a serious yield loss especially in northern type cultivar. To solve these problems, we have tried to find optimal spraying numbers and an appropriate timely agrochemicals spraying.
To estimate spore infection season on leaf, plastic film tunnel house is fitted in garlic field and the plastic film is removed after each rainfall day from March to June. Infection rate is highest in mid-April rainfall and then reduced in late-April rainfall season, so spore infection time via rainfall is assumed as mid to late April. Control efficiency is also highest when Propineb is applied in mid-April season. When Propineb applied after typical symptoms are visible in early-May, the control efficiency is considerably lower than the before the typical symptoms occurred in mid- to late April season. The control efficiency for 3 times of Propineb spraying before garlic leaf blight appeared in mid-April is higher than spraying for 5 times in early-May season when symptom is developed in early stage. We can propose that a beforehand control measure is more
effective than control number in garlic leaf blight and could help reducing environmental pollution in agricultural field.
To find out environmental friendly agents for controlling the garlic leaf blight by Stemphylium botryosum, an experiment to test the efficiency of environmental friendly materials for controlling garlic leaf blight. Fifty five kinds of environmental friendly control agents are obtained from commercial market and are tested for spore germination using 96 well plate and among them, five agents(copper-, sulfur-, medinal herb extract-, sulfur+sodium bicarbonate- and oligo chitosan based compound) are selected for field test from 2012 and 2013 year. With reference of 2012 year test result, copper and oligo chitosan based compounds are chosen as 2013 year test. When the first symptoms were appeared early May season and environmental friendly control agents are applied as prompt as possible, the control value of copper and oligo chitosan based agents are 54% and 90% respectively as compared to the occasion of chemical agent Antracol WP(propineb 70%) and yield of bulbs are increased by 16% and 34% respectively against untreated control. From this result, oligo chitosan based compound can be a good organic control agent candidate for garlic leaf blight disease in organic garlic cultivation.
A kind of chitosan based nano coating material was developed and patent was applied. To commercialize chitosan based nano coating material, we have tested the effect of seed disinfection efficiency and enhancing storage quality. Chitosan nano coating material was effective in bulbil seedling germination rate and garlic leaf blight control. And also effective in weight loss and storage quality in room temperature storage condition.