보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립식량과학원 National Institute of Crop Science |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2015-03 |
과제시작연도 |
2014 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201500010435 |
과제고유번호 |
1395035848 |
사업명 |
작물시험연구 |
DB 구축일자 |
2015-07-11
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201500010435 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
1. 수수 이삭병해 친환경 방제 기술 개발
○ 친환경농자재인 비타박스(500배) 및 카멜레온에코(500배)에서 수수 이삭곰팡이병에 대한 균사생육 억제효과를 확인하였다.
2. 팥 가해 주요 해충 생태 구명 및 방제 기술 개발
○ 거세미나방류 및 식식성 해충(나방류 등)은 입제충진캡슐제처리가 효과적이었다.
○ 로케트트랩에 의한 노린재류의 포획효과가 우수하였다.
○ 약제살포횟수가 많을수록 팥바구미의 피해가 적었고, 염수선으로 종실감염을 조사할 수 있었다.
○ 정향유에 의한 팥 및 참
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
1. 수수 이삭병해 친환경 방제 기술 개발
○ 친환경농자재인 비타박스(500배) 및 카멜레온에코(500배)에서 수수 이삭곰팡이병에 대한 균사생육 억제효과를 확인하였다.
2. 팥 가해 주요 해충 생태 구명 및 방제 기술 개발
○ 거세미나방류 및 식식성 해충(나방류 등)은 입제충진캡슐제처리가 효과적이었다.
○ 로케트트랩에 의한 노린재류의 포획효과가 우수하였다.
○ 약제살포횟수가 많을수록 팥바구미의 피해가 적었고, 염수선으로 종실감염을 조사할 수 있었다.
○ 정향유에 의한 팥 및 참깨의 흰가루병의 방제효과가 우수하였다.
3. 시설후작 재배 조, 참깨 해충의 생태 구명 및 방제 기술 개발
○ 참깨에서 왕담배나방의 요방제수준은 하부 10∼12마리 착삭시 10주당 8마리 이었다.
○ 참깨 풀색노린재의 요방제수준은 하부 10∼12마디 착삭시 10주당 9마리 이었다.
Abstract
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1. Development of Environment-Friendly Technique against Grain Diseases of Sorghum Recently cereal crops are in the spotlight as a nutritional source for human, and numbers of consumers consuming cereal products have increased. Since 2007, RDA characterized cereal crops as well-being crops and launc
1. Development of Environment-Friendly Technique against Grain Diseases of Sorghum Recently cereal crops are in the spotlight as a nutritional source for human, and numbers of consumers consuming cereal products have increased. Since 2007, RDA characterized cereal crops as well-being crops and launched a pilot project to improve local characterization and competitiveness of cereal crops. However, diseases and insect pests have been major constraints hindering the qualitative and quantitative production of cereal crops. Therefore development of a sound control strategy or technology against the pests of prime importance. Some studies on ecology of diseases and insect pests occurring on cereal crops, and their control tactics have been carried out. RDA is mandated to carry out authoritative small scale experiments to test efficiency of pesticides against the disease and insect pests prior to their registration for on farm use. But considering the effects of pesticide use on human health and environment, development of environment friedly control technology is necessary. Hence we conducted a study on the efficiency of selected organic materials to control grain mold of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.).
2. Determination of Ecology of Major Insect Pests of Adzuki Bean and Development of Their Management Technique
This study was conducted to determine the ecology of insect pests which influence seedling stand, growth and yield of adzuki bean, and to develop the management technique.
Application of granule encapsulated insecticide reduced the damage rate of adzuki bean seedling stand than that by broadcasting of granule insecticide. Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel, showed 3 peak occurrences in early April to late June, early August and early October annually in Miryang. The damage rate of leaf and stem of adzuki bean caused by lepidopteran moths such as tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua and cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was less in granule type insecticide treated fields than that in fields treated with other formulations.
The control efficacy of insecticides was higher with the increased control frequency. The occurrence of S. litura and S. exigua was not different until early July. However, occurrence of S. litura was higher than S. exigua from middle July to autumn. Tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta Guenee, showed peak occurrences in mid June, late July and early September annually. Bean bug adult, Riptortus pedestris Fabricius, showed peak occurrences in early May, late August and early November while the nymphal population peaked in early August and early September. Stink bugs such as R. pedestris, Plautia stali and Halyomorpha halys were most attracted to rocket-type trap among the tested traps. Stink bugs preferred blue color paper and 530nm LED. However, attractancy of solar trap to stink bugs was low. Matrine which was extracted from Gosam plant showed high and rapid toxicity against R. pedestris. Higher number of adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L., was attracted to its sex pheromone placed inside rocket-type trap than that in funnel trap. C. chinensis showed low phototaxis, and extract of Neem and Gosam plants showed high and rapid toxicity against the weevil. Insecticides lowered adzuki bean infestation rate and increased adzuki bean yield. Salt solution (3%) was found to be the most effective for observation of adzuki bean seeds infected by C. chinensis. Plant oil extracted from Syringe pubescene subsp. patula showed high control efficacy against powdery mildew on adzuki bean and sesame plants.
3. Determination of Ecology of Insect Pests of Foxtail Millet and Sesame Cultivated under Greenhouse and Development of Their Management Technique
Powdery mildew, phytophthora rot, corn earworm and cowpea aphid were observed as major pests of sesame. Powdery mildew, corn earworm and cowpea aphid had higher occurrence and caused greater damage in greenhouse sesame. Corn borer, oriental armyworm, beet armyworm, two-spotted spider mite and stink bugs were observed as major pests of foxtail millet whereas in greenhouse foxtail millet, occurrence of two-spotted spider mite was higher and it severely damaged the crop. Major pests of greenhouse grown watermelon were powdery mildew and cotton aphid. Major pests of pumpkin was powdery mildew, and major pests of leaf perilla were grey mold, broad mite and cotton aphid. But occurrences of these pests were very small because of spraying of control materials. The mortality of green stink bug and yellow-brown stink bug caused by pesticide and organic materials was more than 90% in 5 days after treatment. The control efficacy of deltametrin EC and organic materials against aphids on foxtail millet and sesame was more than 90% in 7 days after treatment. Also control efficacy of 5 kinds of pesticides such as abamectin EC, fenazaquin EC against two-spotted spider mite was very high. And control efficacy of sulfur powder or mixtures of sulfur powder and deltametrin EC against powdery mildew of sesame was more than 70% in 7 days after treatment. The attraction rate of LED with 375nm wavelength to oat aphids and two-spotted spider mite were 40% and 60%, respectively. And the attraction rate of LED with wavelengths 560nm, 590nm and 630nm to oat aphids and two-spotted spider mite were below 25%. Stink bugs and corn earworm did not show any response to light at night. Yield reduction of sesame introduced with different densities of corn earworm was estimated by (1) Y=0.10.07X+1.96(R2=0.9867) at fruit setting times on 10-12 node and (2) Y=7.44X+2.12(R2=0.975) at fruit setting times on 20-22 node. Based on the relationships between the densities of corn earworm and the yield index of sesame, which caused 5% loss of yield (tolerable injury level), was estimated to be 8.0 and 16.0 larvae of corn earworm per 10 plants, after treatment, respectively. Yield reduction of sesame introduced with different densities of green stink bugs was estimated by (1) Y=11.754X-0.1834(R2=0.9905) at the fruit setting times on 10-12 node, (2) Y=7.6887X-3.6407(R2=0.9896) at the fruit setting times on 20-22 node. Based on the relationships between the densities of corn earworm and the yield index of sesame, which caused 5% loss of yield (tolerable injury level), was estimated to be 9.0 and 18.0 nymphs of green stink bugs per 10 plants, after treatment, respectively.
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