초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
1. 풍해 피해 다발생 지역의 주요 벼 품종에 대한 실태파악
- 1980년대 이래로 한반도에 미치는 태풍의 빈도와 강도는 모두 증가하였고, 태풍의 이동경로가 1980년대 이후 남동쪽으로 이동하는 경향을 보임
- 태풍피해 심각한 지역들 중 전남 지역 벼 재배지들 중 약 58,478ha (34%)가 백수 피해
- 지역별로는 해남군의 피해가 1만3,920ha로 가장 컸고 영광군 7,792ha, 고흥군 5,671ha, 나주 군 3,900ha, 강진군 3,400ha, 신안군 3,200ha 등으로 나타남

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
1. 풍해 피해 다발생 지역의 주요 벼 품종에 대한 실태파악
- 1980년대 이래로 한반도에 미치는 태풍의 빈도와 강도는 모두 증가하였고, 태풍의 이동경로가 1980년대 이후 남동쪽으로 이동하는 경향을 보임
- 태풍피해 심각한 지역들 중 전남 지역 벼 재배지들 중 약 58,478ha (34%)가 백수 피해
- 지역별로는 해남군의 피해가 1만3,920ha로 가장 컸고 영광군 7,792ha, 고흥군 5,671ha, 나주 군 3,900ha, 강진군 3,400ha, 신안군 3,200ha 등으로 나타남
- 기타 보령시, 태안군, 부안군 등의 벼 재배지들의 피해가 발생했음
- 실내외 검증용 벼 품종으로 화성벼, 새누리 등의 품종 선정하여 활용하였음
2. 풍해 예방용 코팅 소재의 선발
- 발색반응법에서 밀납, 유동파라민, 소이빈 오일 등의 방수력 검증
- 증산율 측정법을 통해 살구씨 오일 2%, 올리브 오일 2%, 린씨드 오일 2%, 소이빈 오일 2%, 유동파라핀 2%의 옥수수 잎과 살구나무 잎에서의 증산억제효과 확인
- 증산율 측정법에서 소이빈 오일 1%, 아크릴코폴리머 16% 함유제, β-피넨 중합체 등의 소재가 벼 잎의 증산율 억제 효과 나타냄
- 아크릴폴리머제들과 전착제의 혼용처리가 벼 잎의 증산율 억제력에 있어 상승효과를 보이지는 않았고, 증산율과 잎기공전도도 간 상관성에 있어서도 단독 처리구들은 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였으나 혼용 처리 시에는 상관관계가 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였음
- 선발된 코팅제들 벼 잎 처리 후 NaCl 처리 시 염에 의한 피해를 수치적으로 경감시켜 주었으나 통계적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었음(P=0.05)
3. 선발제의 약해 평가
- 발색반응법에서 선발된 식물성 오일(올리브 오일, 살구씨오일, 소이빈오일) 및 파라핀 왁스제 등은 벼 유묘에 대해 약해(3)를 나타냈음
- 선발된 아크릴폴리머제들 1-2 정도의 경미한 약해를 나타냈음
- 벼에 사용 등록 살충제나 살균제 및 선발 코팅제를 벼 유묘에 혼합 처리하였을 때 혼합한 농약에 따라 약해정도가 의존적이었음
- 출수기 벼에 처리 시에는 어떤 약해 증상도 나타나지 않았음
4. 선발한 코팅제들의 벼 증산율 억제효과_실내
- 선발한 아크릴폴리머제들을 5배와 10배로 희석하여 출수된 새누리 및 삼광벼에 처리하고 온풍기를 이용한 인공풍으로 노출시켰을 때, 백수율에 있어서만 증진된 효과를 나타냈으나 전체적인 효과는 미흡했음
5. 코팅제 처리에 따른 벼 잎의 현미경학적 구조 변화
- 코팅제 처리한 벼 잎 표면의 기공 및 강모들이 무처리구에 비해 코팅소재 처리에 의해 도포되어 있음을 SEM으로 확인
- 코팅제 처리된 벼 잎 표면을 물에 노출시킨 후 관찰하면, 물 접촉한 표면은 코팅제들이 용리되어 무처리구처럼 노출되었음을 확인
6. 선발한 코팅제들의 중금속 분석
- 아크릴코폴리머 16% 함유제에서 Cr 0.99 mg/kg, Mg 3.96 mg/kg, Na 6.44 mg/kg, Fe 10.3 mg/kg,Ca 35.8 ppm이 검출됨
- 시제품의 경우는 Mg 6.09 mg/kg, Na 121 mg/kg, Fe 5.04 mg/kg, Ca 35.7 ppm이 검출
7. 선발제들의 독성시험
- 선발한 코팅제들의 non-GLP 조건 급성경구, 경피, 안자극, 피부자극 등의 독성시험에서 특이 할만한 독성을 나타내지 않았음
- 잉어에 대한 영향 평가에서 어독성 Ⅲ급으로 확인
8. 벼 풍해예방용 코팅제의 풍해경감 및 염해경감 효과 구명
- 화성벼의 경우 아크릴코폴리머 16% 함유제 및 β-pinene 중합체 처리에서 무처리에 비해 백수발생이 적어 다소 풍해 경감효과가 인정되었으나 효과가 안정적이지 않았고, 새누리의 경우 유기코팅제 처리하여도 백수율 발생경감 효과는 없어 유기코팅제 처리가 풍해경감효과가 없었음
- 화성벼 및 새누리 모두에서 아크릴코폴리머 16%와 NaCl 및 β-pinene 중합체와 NaCl 처리구들에서 농도에 관계없이 NaCl 단독처리구에 비해 벼 엽 피해율이 높게 나타났음. 또한 변색립발생율, 등숙비율, 정조수량도 엽피해율과 비슷한 경향을 보여 유기코팅제 처리에 의한 염해 경감효과는 인정되지 않았음
9. 조풍시 부착염 세척에 따른 벼 수량 영향 평가
- 해수처리시 처리 후 세척시간이 늦어질수록 수량구성요소인 등숙비율, 정현비율낮아 지고 현미 천립중이 가벼워져 벼 수량은 무처리에 비해 처리 1시간 후 물로 세척은 22.5∼23.1%, 무세척은 39.9∼42.8% 감소하여 1시간 이내에 물로 세척하는 것이 피해를 예방할 수 있는 것으로 나타났음

Abstract ▼

1. Study on the wind damages in regions caused by a typhoon
- Since 1981, the frequency and strength of typhoons going pass the Korean peninsula was increased and their path also showed the pattern moving into the south east
- The white-head damage of rice panicle by strong wind like a typhoon

1. Study on the wind damages in regions caused by a typhoon
- Since 1981, the frequency and strength of typhoons going pass the Korean peninsula was increased and their path also showed the pattern moving into the south east
- The white-head damage of rice panicle by strong wind like a typhoon was severely observed in Jeonnam province among wind damaged regions in Korea. Especially, the rice damage in Haenam province was 13,920 ha and following by Younggwang-gun (7,792 ha), Goheung-gun (5,671 ha), Najoo-gun (3,900 ha), Ganggin-gun (3,400 ha) and Sinnan-gun (3,200 ha). In addition, the white-head damage was showed in many rice paddys of Boryeung city, Taean-gun, and Buan-gun
- Hwaseongbyeo and Saenuri rice cultivars were used for tests of potential coating materials under laboratory and field conditions
2. Selection of a coating material for preventing wind damage to rice
- In the assay using a cobalt chloride paper strip that changes color from blue to pink by water contact, some materials such as beewax, liquid paraffin, and soybean oil showed waterproof effect above 37 and 43% at 0.5 and 1 h after treatment, respectively.
- In an alternative assay using a portable photosynthesis system, 2% paraffin liquid and plant oils such as apricot oil, linseed oil, olive oil, and soybean oil showed significant transpiration inhibitory effect in barely, maize, and apricot leaves (P =0.05). Especially, selected paraffin liquid and soybean oil gave good transpiration inhibitory effect against rice at 2% concentration.
- Additionally, 1% soybean oil and products containing 16% acryliccopolymer or β-pinene polymer as an active ingredient showed strong transpiration inhibitory effect in rice leaves in pots.
- The mixture of 10 times diluted solution of the acryliccopolymer and a spreader did not give more elevated inhibition results comparing with the acryliccopolymer products or the spreader alone. Interestingly, the treatments of the acryliccopolymer products or the spreader alone in terms of the relationship between transpiration and leaf stomatal conductance showed higher positive relations but their mixtures produced much lower decreased values.
- The rice leaves treated by serial diluted NaCl solution after being sprayed by selected coating materials were decreased damage but was not significantly difference (P = 0.05) comparing with controls.
3. Plant damage of selected coating materials against rice cultivars
- Level 3 of damage to rice seedlings was observed in plant essential oils such as olive oil, apricot seed oil, and soybean oil as well as liquid paraffin. However, level 1 to 2 of weak damage was shown in the selected acrylic copolymers.
- Rice seedlings treated by the mixtures of a registered insecticide or fungicide for rice cultivation and the selected actyliccopolymers depended on both a mixed kind of pesticide and concentration. Although rice seedlings were sensitive to the mixtures, rice cultivars at heading period did not give any significant damage symptom on leaves and whole plant.
4. Inhibitory effect of the selected coating materials to transpiration of rice leaves under laboratory conditions
- Hwaseongbyeo and Saenuri rice cultivars treated by the selected acrylic copolymers at 5 or 10 times diluted solution were exposed to hot arid wind produced by a hot blast heater. The white-head damage of the tested cultivars was decreased but overally positive effect was weak or not.
5. SEM Observation to rice leaves treated by selected coating materials
- Stomata and trichome on rice leaves coated by the selected acrylic copolymers were observed under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The coating materials on the rice leaves exposed to a paint brush impregnating water were removed. These results indicate that the coating materials can be easily solved by rain or dew.
6. Analysis on heavy metals contained in the acrylic copolymers
- Heavy metals in the products containing 16% acrylic copolymer and 10% methyl methacrylate polymer were analyzed using the IEC 62321 method and the EPA 3052 method; Cd, Pd, Hg, Cr (VI), Vl, Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cr, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, K, Ag, Na, Fe, Zn, Ca. Chromium (0.99 mg/kg), magnesium (3.96 mg/kg), natrium (6.44 mg/kg), iron (10.3 mg/kg), and calcium (35.8 ppm) were detected in the 16% acrylic copolymer products, whereas magnesium (6.09 mg/kg), natrium (121 mg/kg), iron (5.04 mg/kg), and calcium (35.7 ppm) were contained in the 10% methyl methacrylate polymer products called as PungmaggiTM.
7. Toxicity tests of the acrylic copolymer products
- The acute oral and acute dermal toxicities of the acrylic copolymer products to ICR mouse strain and Sprague-Dawley(SD) male and female rats were over 5,000 mg/kg B.W. and 4,000 mg/kg B.W. based on LD50 values, respectively. In addition, these selected copolymer products have no irritation in the skin and eye irritation tests using NewZealand White rabbits strain. The fish acute toxicity test to Cyprinus carpio indicated that the selected polymer products were categorized in III grade based on 48 h-LD50 value. Consequently, two products showed low or not in both acute toxicity and fish toxicity under non-GLP test conditions.
8. Protective effects of plant-coating materials to rice damage by strong wind and saline water
- The effect of plant-coating materials of the 16% acrylic copolymer and β-pinene polymer products at the rate of 5% and 10% on protection of rice plant from damage of strong wind and saline water treatments was investigated based on damage rate of white-head and rice leaf and grain yield. The rice plant treated with plant-coating materials should be exposed to the pre-incubation treatment at 30℃ and 100% relative humidity in darkness for 24 hour to observe white-head damage of rice panicle by strong wind treatment. The plant-coating materials of the polymer products did not have significant protection effect on white-head damage of Hwaseongbyeo and Saenuri rice cultivars from damage of strong wind treatment under wind a tunnel test.
- The effect of the above two plant-coating materials on protection from saline water treatment in Hwaseongbyeo and Saenuri rice cultivars was also negligible. The treatment of saline water at 2% and 3% after the 16% acrylic copolymer and β-pinene polymer products (5%, 10%) treatment exhibited higher leaf damage of rice plant than the only products treatments. The results indicate that plant-coating materials such as the 16% acrylic copolymer and β-pinene polymer products did not provide rice plant protection from damage of strong wind and saline water treatment.
9. Study on the rice grain yield by washing salt contaminated on rice plant with salty wind
- More delayed washing time to a rice plant exposed to saline water produced more decreased ripened grain ratio, 1000-grain weight, and brown rice ratio by ripening degree. Rice plants washed with water within 1 hour after saline water treatment showed 22.5∼23.1% grain yield decrease, while control rice plants gave 39.9∼42.8% grain yield decrease.