초록 ▼

□ 선행기획연구: 과제의 타당성을 검토하고 본과제 수행 때 제기될 수 있는 문제점을 파악하여 해결하였으며, 특허동향 분석을 통하여 기술의 원천성을 입증.
□ 특허 동향분석: 단일방향발진의 그고품위값 마이크로레이저 기술은 현재 공개된 문헌이 없어 원천 특허를 확보할 수 있으며, 관련 센싱 기술도 원천 특허를 확보할 수 있음
□ 선행기획연구 내용
● 마이크로디스크 레이저 설계와 광모듈 시스템 설계 도면 도출
● 마이크로디스크레이저 레이저 공정 방법 도출
● 광신호 측정 방법, 광비팅 이용 파장 변이 측정 방법

□ 선행기획연구: 과제의 타당성을 검토하고 본과제 수행 때 제기될 수 있는 문제점을 파악하여 해결하였으며, 특허동향 분석을 통하여 기술의 원천성을 입증.
□ 특허 동향분석: 단일방향발진의 그고품위값 마이크로레이저 기술은 현재 공개된 문헌이 없어 원천 특허를 확보할 수 있으며, 관련 센싱 기술도 원천 특허를 확보할 수 있음
□ 선행기획연구 내용
● 마이크로디스크 레이저 설계와 광모듈 시스템 설계 도면 도출
● 마이크로디스크레이저 레이저 공정 방법 도출
● 광신호 측정 방법, 광비팅 이용 파장 변이 측정 방법, 전자 회로 설계 도출
● 마이크로플루이딕스 설계 및 공정 방법 도출
● 바이오 센서 방법 도출
- 핵산과 단백질 동시 측정으로 고신뢰도, 무표지 실시간, 고감도 방법도출
- 실시간 동시 측정에 대한 신뢰성 확보를 위해 인플루엔자 바이러스 도출
● Target 화학가스 도출 및 검지 방법 도출

Abstract ▼

Ⅱ. Purpose and Need for the Preproject Research
Recently it was reported that single molecule detection can be carried out using a ultrahigh-Q microcavity based on sphere and torid shape. Since these microcavities are passive optical devices, which cannot generate light by themselves, light shoul

Ⅱ. Purpose and Need for the Preproject Research
Recently it was reported that single molecule detection can be carried out using a ultrahigh-Q microcavity based on sphere and torid shape. Since these microcavities are passive optical devices, which cannot generate light by themselves, light should be provided by external pathway. Also the shape is sphere, which emits light in all directions with no directionality, an optical fiber should be coupled with the cavities within very minute error range. However this method is so sensitive that minute vibrations happening frequently under real environment severely affect the measuring signal, confining this method only under adjusted laboratory environment. If however the passive optical device were to be converted into active one which can lase with unidirectionality, optical coupling could be easily carried out in the absence of any errors caused by vibrations or minute inaccuracies. With ultrahigh-Q and unidirectional lasing such an innovative application may be accomplished. However unidirectional lasing requires deformed sphere laser, which is detrimental to quality factor. If this problem of unidirectionality in deformed spheres is overcome, ultrahigh-Q microcavity can be made possible, innovating sensors for bio and chemical analysis.
In this preproject research we worked looking for specific methods to manufacture ultrahigh-Q lasers with unidirectionality that can be applied for bio and chemical sensors. We thought and discussed about possible problems that can happen in applying the ultrahigh-Q technology into sensor applications. While doing the patent analysis during the preproject research period, we discussed about the type and nature of the future research in order to acquire originality in patented technology.
Followings are the specifications of the studies we did during the preproject research: (1) the possibility of designing an ultrahigh-Q microcavity with unidirectional lasing, (2) methods for manufacturing microcavity with minimum error from the theoretically calculated one, (3) the design and manufacturing method of the microfluidics that can be applied for bio and chemical sensors, (4) technologies for accomplishing high performance sensors using inexpensive optical devices, (5) how to treat optical signal and how to construct electrical circuit, (6) how to comprise a total platform that satisfies all those requirements, (7) how to measure the dependability of the ultrahigh performance biosensor, (8) how to apply the ultrahigh-Q microcavity to chemical sensors. To find answers to these questions, we thinks, are the purpose and need of this Preproject Research.
Ⅲ. Contents and Scope of the Preproject Research
The contents and scope of the Preproject Researchthe of the ultrahigh-Q microcavity technology are (1) to design and to find methods to manufacture unidirectional ultrahigh-Q microcavity lasers, (2) to examine the validity of the research project based on the design and the manufacturing method, (3) to predict possible problems and to find out corresponding solutions when the microcavity technology is applied for high performance bio and chemical sensors, (4) to find out answers to the questions that had been raised by the screening selection committee, and (5) to secure the technological originality through patent trend analysis.
Through 10 meetings of the Preproject Research, in-depth discussions had been carried regarding the design and manufacturing process of the laser and microfludic system, analysis and processing method of optical signals, platform design, and applications for bio and chemical sensors. Those discussions led to predict possible problems and the corresponding answers. Especially with those issues in mind, a series of patent trend search has also been carried out. In a workshop held during the Preporject Research we received a series of consulting advice from experts in academia and industry. In the workshop we also explained the concept and applications of our technology and were able to induce participation from industry.
Ⅳ. Products of the Preproject Research
In order to solve problems that had been raised during the Preproject Research to carry out a research project tantamount to the purpose and need of the Preproject Research, a series of technologies were secured with regard to the bio and chemical sensors based on unidireactional ultrahigh-Q microcavity. The patent trend analysis revealed that the possibility of securing intellectual property rights is higher than was expected. The followings are the specific results of the corresponding fields from the Preproject Research
(1) Designing unidirectional ultrahigh-Q microcavity based on quantum chaos.
The world-best ultrahigh-Q microcavity design was accomplished through a microcavity structure of 4 connected circles, which lases unidirectionally with the Q factor of 109 when the diameter of the circles is 4 um. We also understood the framework that generates single mode.
(2) Process development for laser manufacture : Devising a process that maximizes the efficiency of the designed laser
The limit of the current method for optical lithography and etching has been examined to find out methods to minimize the surface roughness through optimization of ICP etching conditions. In addition, we have devised to use waveguide for low-loss microdisk laser. When a waveguide is separated from the gain medium, by sdjusting the coupling ratio, the loss the surface roughness can be minimized. For this coupling method, We have devised multiple exitaxy growing method. A method to optimize Epi design and growth, a process to block current leakage, and surface chemistry for bio and chemical sensors were devised.
(3) Microfluidics design : Devising microfluidics systems optimized for ultrahigh-Q microcavity
Two types of microfluidics, PDMS and Si, were devised. (1) In the case of PDMS, wire is bonded to laser module, antibody is attached on the microcavity and microfluidics is formed using PDMS. We devise a method connecting an electrode on the microdisk laser with a current driver through the microfluidics channel by using a wire. (2) We also design a microfludics by using a Si wafer, which is well applied to our platform. Si wafer will be etched with RIE(Reactive Ion Etching) for microfluidice. We design the Si microfluidics channel and secure the etching method. In the Si microfluidics, we will use flip-chip bonding method to apply a current to the laser.
(4) Devising methods for measuring optical signal
Instead of using expensive spectrum analyzer, wave shift based on Heterodyne method was devised. We prepare two identical microcavity lasers, one is reference and the other is molecule detection laser and the laing modes of lasers are controlled by current to coincide their emission spectra. In the Heterodyne method, the wavelength shift due to bio-molecules or warfare agents are measured by beating of the emission wavelength from the two lasers. Also when we additionally use an external wavelength tunable laser, we can measure the bio-molecular with high accuracy.
We desigan an electronic circuit to measure the wavelength shift by using FFT and also secure the technology of the electronic circuit for total platform.
(5) Design of Platform
Our platform will be estabilshed by assembling the basic technologies listed in the above and optical modele. The disposable bio and chemical sensor cartridge, which is consisted of microdisk laser and microfluidics, will be connected with optical module. The optical signals from the optical module wil be converted to electronic signals to read the information in the cartridge. For this we have devised the method to deliver a laser beam to an optical fiber and optical switching method to compare the laser spectra of optical sensors with the spectrum of reference laser. The wavelength shift will be measured by using optical beating, which is heterodyne measurement. To analyze the wavelength shift we also devised the electronic circuit.
(6) High reliability bio-sensing.
The aim of our development by using an unidirectionally emitting ultrahigh-Q microdisk laser is to the diagnosis of disease with real-time and non-labeling by detecting bio molecules. The labeling method is incovenient while it is highly sensitive. But while the sensitivity of the non-labeling method is low, the method is convinient. Because our microdisk laser is highly sensitive to detect a single molecule, our system using ultrahigh-Q microdisk laser can be developed to real-time and nonlabeling bio-sensors.
To improve the reliablility, we have devised a mthod to measure DNA and protein simultaneously. Although the other methods can not measure DNA and protein simultaneously, our method is possible. Then we can reduce false positive and false negative simultaneously.
Then our method can improve the diagnosis of disease. Also we can distinguish the type of influenza. For example, the two types of virus, H1N1 and H3N2, we can distinguish the types by using hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. After then, we can the difference of the DNA sequence, we can determine the type of virus.
For this method, we take influenza virus. By using the virus, we will devise diagnosis method for disease by using protein bio marker and DNA bio marker. This method will be the unique and reliable diagnosis method for disease. This method will reduce the false positive and false negative. Our system will measure the disease even in ultra-low concentration of infected DNA and disease protein with real-time and non-labeling.
(7) Devising a method to selectively detect DMMP, a simulant for a chemical warfare agent.
The performance (LOD) of recent nano-sensors for chemicals ranges from ppm to ppb. We were able to deduce a conclusion that use of ultrahigh-Q microcavity together with polymer absorbents in an array system can lead to ultrahigh sensitive sensor with selectivity. Based on the detection of IL-2 by ring resonator, we were able to derive a preliminary conclusion that DMMP could be detected below ppt level. We also found out that such a high performance detection capability can be utilized for detecting explosives used by airplane terror and toxins of chemical warfare agents. Based on these we drew a conclusion that high performance gas sensors can be made possible by applying the same technique to our ultrahigh-Q microcavity, which can detect trace amount of chemical warfare agents simulants, DMMP (sarin), DPGME (nitrogen mustard), DMA (distilled mustard), PMP (soman).
(8) Analysis and results of patent trend
During this Preproject Research, domestic and foreign trend in patent was studied looking for possibility of securing original patent technology. The patent search was carried out by KIPSI and Damin Patent Law Firm in the fields of ultrahigh-Q microcavity, ultrahigh-Q laser manufacturing process, chemical sensors, biosensors, optical sensor platform.
The technologies of biosensors and chemical sensors based on ultrahigh-Q microcavity turned out to be very high in the level of convergence, of which technology worldwide is led by US.
No open patent was found that include all those element technologies constituting the ultrahigh-Q microcavity. Moreover other microring resonator sensors are based on passive structure. It is expected that success of this research would secure intellectual property right.
Although similar techniques were found in laser manufacturing process, biosensor and chemical sensors, convergence of those techniques with the ultrahigh-Q microcavity is highly expected to secure intellectual property right. Since no patent was found regarding the convergence of optical sensor platform with ultrahigh-Q microcavity, the combination of theses two technology is also expected to provide intellectual property right.
Ⅴ. Plan for utilizing the results of the Preproject Research.
Based on the results from the Preproject Research, the unidirectional ultrahigh-Q microcavity will be developed for applications in high performance biosensors and chemical sensors.
● More study will be focused on the unidirectional ultrahigh-Q microcavity in an effort to find out a microcavity design, which can lead to practical manufacturing of the high-Q microcavity.
● The lasing direction and Q-factor changes according to media. A uidirectional ultrahigh-Q microcavity for biosensors will be designed for use in water environment.
● In laser manufacture ICP etching is used and process for minimizing surface roughness will be devised. By applying this results on laser manufacturing, a laser will be manufactured to minimize scattering loss by using ICP etching method.
● More efficient microfluidics systems will be designed based on the results from the Preproject Research together with the practical manufacturing process.
● Setup of electronic circuit part for bio and chemical sensors by finding optical beating condition, measurement methods of the beating signals, and method of the beating.
● Based on the results, an optical module is designed and manufactured to be combined with sensor cartridge and circuit to form platforms for biosensors and chemical sensors.
● A new method for utilizing both the nucleic acids and proteins deduced from this Preproject will be developed to enhance performance. The realtime label-free detection method will be developed using this biosensor technique.
● Using the deduced method for high performance chemical sensors, a new detection method for trace amount of toxins and explosives will be developed.
● Development of low-cost early detection methods for biomolecules (cells, proteins, DNA, hormon, enzyme, virus, biomarkers etc.) to contribute to the enancement of healthy life of mankind.
● Development of high performance biosensor enables early detection of animal diseases, resulting social expense, prevent ruining of farms and contributing to deterring disease spread.
● Development of high performance sensors enables measuring trace amount of toxins leaking to environment and preventing toxin spread at the early stage.
● Miniaturization and lowering of cost in bio and chemical sensors will create new energy source of our country.
● It can also be applied for new drug synthesis, POCT application and portable sensor systems.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 보고서 요약서 ... 3
• 요 약 문 ... 4
• 목 차 ... 10
• SUMMARY ... 11
• CONTENTS ... 17
• 제 1 장 선행기획연구 개요 ... 18
• 1. 선행기획연구의 목적, 필요성 및 범위 ... 18
• 2. 대상 융합기술의 정의 및 개념 ... 25
• 제 2 장 기술개발 현황 및 조사·분석 ... 28
• 1. 국내·외 기술개발 현황 ... 28
• 2. 선행 연구 조사·분석 및 시사점 ... 30
• 제 3 장 기술개발 목표 및 내용 ... 35
• 1. 원천특허 포트폴리오 ... 36
• 2. 연구개발내용 및 범위 ... 43
• 3. 기존 기술과의 차별성 및 원천성 ... 46
• 4. 국가 R&D 전략과의 연계성 및 부합성 ... 48
• 5. 선행연구내용 및 결과 ... 49
• 제 4 장 선행기획연구 활동 추진 내용 ... 56
• 1. 선행기획연구 추진 체계 ... 56
• 2. 선행기획연구 방법론 ... 57
• 3. 선행기획연구 활동 내용 ... 58
• 4. R&D 추진 전략 컨설팅(‘14 .7월 ) 결과 반영 ... 62
• 제 5 장 기대성과 및 활용 계획 ... 70
• 1. 기대성과 ... 70
• 2. 상용화 예상 분야 ... 72
• 3. 경제성 분석 ... 73
• 제 6 장 참고문헌 ... 78
• 끝페이지 ... 84