초록 ▼

본 연구사업은 해외 조림사업의 효율성 및 해외 목재자원의 활용가치 증대를 위해 최근 조림면적이 증가하고 있는 열대목재 수종 및 현재 이용도가 낮지만 미래 유망 목재자원으로 생각되는 수종의 이용적성에 관한 연구를 수행하였음. 인도네시아산 열대목재 30개 수종에 대한 세부 연구항목은 아래와 같음.
○ 생장특성 : 흉고직경 및 수고 성장률
○ 외형특성 : 심-변재 및 생장륜 구분 여부, 나무갗, 재색, 재면, 잎․수피․수형
○ 현미경적 특성 : 3단면상 조직구조, 구성세포 치수, IAWA 기준에 의거한 수종식별
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본 연구사업은 해외 조림사업의 효율성 및 해외 목재자원의 활용가치 증대를 위해 최근 조림면적이 증가하고 있는 열대목재 수종 및 현재 이용도가 낮지만 미래 유망 목재자원으로 생각되는 수종의 이용적성에 관한 연구를 수행하였음. 인도네시아산 열대목재 30개 수종에 대한 세부 연구항목은 아래와 같음.
○ 생장특성 : 흉고직경 및 수고 성장률
○ 외형특성 : 심-변재 및 생장륜 구분 여부, 나무갗, 재색, 재면, 잎․수피․수형
○ 현미경적 특성 : 3단면상 조직구조, 구성세포 치수, IAWA 기준에 의거한 수종식별
○ 물리 및 역학적 특성 : 밀도, 수축률, 종압축강도, 전단강도, 휨강도, 경도
○ 나노셀룰로오스 특성 : 미세섬유화, 나노형태학적 특성, 나노복합재료 응용
○ 바이오에너지 특성 : 발열량, 회분율, 목탄화 특성
○ 연소특성 : 연소효율, 열방출량, 연기발생량, 일산화탄소량
○ 보존특성(내구성) : 재색변화, 방부 및 방의 효력시험
열대목재의 수종식별 및 최적용도 활용을 위한 가이드북 및 컴퓨터프로그램 개발

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results of the Project
1. Growth characteristics of tropical wood species planted in Indonesia
A. Surveyed growth characteristics as growth rate, growth of diameter at breast height for 4 species as Albizia, Gumellina, Mangium and Mindi for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 in West Java, Indonesia.

Ⅳ. Results of the Project
1. Growth characteristics of tropical wood species planted in Indonesia
A. Surveyed growth characteristics as growth rate, growth of diameter at breast height for 4 species as Albizia, Gumellina, Mangium and Mindi for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 in West Java, Indonesia.
B. Prepared site map for systematic management for long-term monitering of the planted sites.
2. Macroscopic characteristics
A. Obtained photos of tree shape, bark, fruit and leaves.
B. Identified wood species by naked-eye with color differences of heartwood and sapwood, growth ring boundary characteristics and wood texture.
C. Analysed color differences between heartwood and sapwood by a color spectrometer.
3. Microscopic structure
A. Observed wood structures on cross, radial and tangential sections by an optical microscopy method and prepared a guidebook for the wood identification by IAWA list of microscopic features.
B. Measured dimensions of wood components as fiber length and vessel diameter, vessel number (per ㎟), ray number (per ㎜) and ray height and analysed them by a statistical method.
4. Physical and mechanical properties
A. Measured physical properties as air-dried density, oven-dried density, porosity, shrinkage in three directions as longitudinal, radial and tangential directions, and ratio of T/R as anisotropic properties.
B. Measured mechanical properties as longitudinal compressive strength, shear strength, bending properties as MOR and MOE, and hardness on cross, radial and tangential sections.
C. Analysed relationship between physical properties and mechanical properties.
5. Nanocellulose characteristics
A. Examined nanofiber preparation characteristics as power consumption, freeness, and dimension of nanofibers by manufacturing methods.
B. Analysed morphological characteristics by an optical and electron microscope.
C. Prepared nanocomposite materials with nonocellulose fibers.
6. Bioenergy characteristics
A. Examined bioenergy characteristics as calorific value, ash content and pH of wood species; higher calorific wood species (Sungkai and Angsana), lower ash content (Angsana and Puspa) and higher pH (Durian and Rambutan).
B. Investigated carbonization characteristics for charcoal preparation at 400℃ and 600℃; higher calorific value in Gmelina as 7,811cal/g, no significant differences in ash content as below 3%.
7. Combustion properties
A. Measuring thermal properties
Using Cone-calorimeter method for measuring combustion properties as heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR) and specific mass loss rate (SMLR). Highest HRR was observed on Mangium, while Gmelina showed lowest HRR. Albizia had shortest flaming time.
B. Smoke and carbon compounds emission
Analysing of smoke and carbon compounds emission as CO and CO₂ emission, and total smoke release (TSR). TSR of each samples was 996㎡/㎡ (Albizia), 1186㎡/㎡ (Gmelina), 932㎡/㎡ (Mangium) and 984㎡/㎡ (Mindi). TSR was not correlated with volume of sample. Gmelina showed highest TSR and total smoke release (TSR). The ratio of CO/CO₂ was 0.05 in Albizia, 0.11 in Gmelina, 0.03 in Mangium and 0.04 in Mindi. So, Smoke of Gmelina must be more toxic than others.
8. Natural durability
A. Obtained the results of weathering test of tropical wood species as indoor ultraviolet condition, indoor ultraviolet-water condition and outdoor condition; changed color into darker and attractive clear surfaces by indoor ultraviolet condition, changed color into whiteness and disgraceful surfaces in indoor ultraviolet-water condition and outdoor condition.
B. Surveyed anti-fungal properties of wood species with brown-rot fungi and white-rot fungi; showed high anti-fungal properties in Mangium.
C. Examined anti-termite properties of wood species with Reticulitermes speratus; showed high anti-termite properties in Mangium.
9. Database building for development for optimized utilization and wood identification with tropical plantation and promising species
A. Presented indices of utilization and identification by publication of wood atlas included macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, bioenergy properties, nanocellulose properties and natural durability.
B. Developed computer program of wood species for easy identification for industry and ordinary person.