초록

￭ 국내 독자기술의 하이브리드 풍진동 제진장치 설계/제작 기술 개발 및 세계일류 브랜드 창출
￭ 비정형 구조물 풍하중 산정 및 시공단계별 풍진동 특성평가 기술 개발
￭ 비정상 하중에 의한 초고층 복합빌딩의 연쇄붕괴 방지기술의 확보를 통한 세계 최고의 엔지니어링 능력 보유
￭ 초고층 건축물의 입지여건, 건축물 특성 등의 다양한 요인을 고려한 테러위험도 평가모델을 개발하고, 각 위험도 평가등급에 따라 비용효율적으로 차등 적용할 수 있는 폭발물 테러 예방 및 피해경감을 위한 구조/계획 설계지침을 개발

Abstract ▼

IV. Results of R&D
■ Wind-induced Vibration Control Technology
● Development of design and manufacturing technologies of hybrid damping device controller
· Pilot Test 1 Technomart21 : Vertical-Horizontal vibration control using HMD(Vertical TMD+Horizontal AMD)
1) Control of Human-induced

IV. Results of R&D
■ Wind-induced Vibration Control Technology
● Development of design and manufacturing technologies of hybrid damping device controller
· Pilot Test 1 Technomart21 : Vertical-Horizontal vibration control using HMD(Vertical TMD+Horizontal AMD)
1) Control of Human-induced Global Vertical Modal Vibration of a 39 Story-Building Structure Using TMD
The field vibration measurement tests have been conducted for investigating the exact causes of the abnormal vibration accident which occurred on last July 5, 2011 in TechnoMart, a 39 story steel building structure. The vertical accelerations of the building floors were measured under the 4D movie-theater operation and human rhythmic movements in a fitness center which were estimated as ones of the vibration sources. From field tests, it could be identified that the building has global vertical vibration mode of 2.7 Hz natural frequency and human group rhythmic movements having frequency component mainly close to 2.7 Hz in a fitness center caused the resonance of the vertical mode. Especially, the fact that the identified damping ratio of the vertical mode by observing the free vibration response after the human group excitation was just 0.3%, implies that response amplification could be so significant that only 23 people could excite the 39 story building having the total mass of 30 thousands of metric ton move globally up and down. The 42ton Tuned mass damper (TMD) was used as a measure for keep this resonance by adding damping to the building. The TMD installation results showed that the acceleration level resulting from the same human excitation could be reduced to one fourth of that of the building without TMD, and the damping ratio increased from 0.3% to 2.94%.
2) Estimation of modal masses of a structure with a mass-type damping device
A method for estimating modal masses is presented by extending the procedure proposed by a previous study for estimating the first modal mass to a procedure which allows the estimation of modal masses of higher order modes. System matrices are first obtained by using a general system identification technique, and then the natural frequency and damping ratio of each mode are extracted from the obtained system matrices. Controllability and observability matrices are constructed by using both the identified system matrices and the modal space system matrices in which the modal masses are considered as unknown variables. The modal masses can be obtained based on the fact that the multiplication of the controllability and observability matrices does not change with the type of the system matrices, including the modal space ones. The advantage of the proposed method is that an accurate estimation of the modal mass of a higher mode is possible without the information on the modal vector which is difficult to experimentally identify. The proposed method was applied to a real-world 39 story building structure with an active mass damper and higher order modal masses of the building were identified. The dynamic responses analytically obtained by using the identified modal masses were found very close to the measured responses.
3) Optimal Control and Minimization of AMD Stroke Using Gain Scheduling Method (Development of Algorithm Embedded Controller)
An active mass damper(AMD) for controlling wind-induced vibration of a building structure determines its control force according to a control algorithm and the measured structural responses. One of the important design factors in application of the AMD is to design the AMD to show good control performance in spite of minimizing its mass, motor torque, and stroke. In this study, a technique was proposed to minimize the stroke and mass of the AMD and assure its control performance. Gain scheduling for the control force and velocity signal directing the AMD go backward to its zero point were presented. Also, a band-pass filter was used for eliminating the spill-over effect due to the higher mode. The effectiveness of the proposed method was first analytically verified and then the method was applied to the factory experiment and field test for a 39 story building structure installed with a 56 ton AMD. Experimental and field test results showed that the AMD could show the desired control performance and the stable movement within the stroke limit by using the proposed method.
· Pilot Test 2 Incheon airport control tower: Development of AMD controller for 3rd phase Incheon Airport Control Tower
The controller developed by this research was embedded in the AMD for enhancing the serviceability of the 3rd phase Incheon airport control tower. The used AMD has 2 sets of 25ton mass and show independent behavior in X and Y directions. The limited stoke is ±200mm and the AMD was designed to reduce 60% of the uncontrolled response. Laboratory test results showed that the AMD showed stable behavior with the given stroke range. Also, the fact that the phase difference between the structural acceleration and the AMD acceleration is close to 90o, implies that the AMD plays a role of absorbing structural energy. The measured signals from filter, zero compensation , and control modules were exactly identical to the ones predicted by the analytical model.
● Optimal Design of Damping Devices for Super-Tall Building Using Computational Design Platform Based on Parametric Modeling
Optimal design of damping devices for reducing wind-induced responses of a super-tall building was conducted by using the computational design platform based on the parametric modeling. The number, capacity, and the location of the damping devices are considered in parametric modeling. The additional damping ratio due to the damping device and the resulting effects on the reduction of the equivalent static wind load were calculated. The computational design platform can automatically generate the numerous alternative structural systems subject to the reduced wind load in a very short time. The inherent damping ratio of the original structure, which is important for determining the wind load reduction due to the increased damping, was calculated by using the current related researches (Tamura et al. 2012; Kareem et al. 2006). Two types of damping devices were considered: One is inter-story installation type passive control devices and the other is mass type active control devices. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a numerical example of a 455m high-rise building. The comparison between roof displacement and the member forces indicated that the proposed method could approximately but simply estimate the effects of the supplemental damping devices on the roof displacement and the member force reduction.
● Accurate estimation of wind load and structural response of a super-tall building
The recent studies on the wind-load generation methods based on the cross-power spectrum density of the wind load were reviewed and the algorithm for the automatic time history generation of the across wind-load was developed and programmed by using Matlab. Wind load estimation technique by using pressure integration method was proposed and its effectiveness was verified based on the wind-tunnel test results. Characteristics of the across-wind force of tall buildings with various roughness, aspect ratio and side ratios were investigated. Empirical formular for power spectrum of the fluctuation components of overturning moment and torsional moments were proposed and the formula are supposed to be considered in the KBC2015.
● Database and web-based monitoring system construction of the wind-induced responses
· Measurement of wind-induced vibration and database construction: The structural responses of high-rise buildings under ambient and strong wind loading conditions were monitored and the dynamic characteristics such as natural period and damping ratio were identified. Empirical formular for estimating structural period and damping ratio were proposed and the results were compared to those obtained by the previous studies.
· Application of the monitoring system to a building structure with damping device: The performance of a tuned liquid column damper(TLCD) for controlling wind-induced responses of a 64-story, 237m residential buildings located in Incheon, Korea, was evaluated based on the system identification and the inverse wind load estimation. The monitoring system consists of an anemometer, accelerometers, water gauge, and internet-based data logging system. In order to analyze the behavior of the building during the typhoon, the dynamic properties of building and TLCD are identified from the measured responses. The modal wind load is then inversely estimated from the TLCD and building accelerations using a Kalman filter, and the vibration reduction performance of the TLCD is evaluated.
■ Evaluation technology and structural system of progressive collapse potential
● The mega-frame structure with four corner columns did not satisfy the design guidelines for progressive collapse and the retrofit schemes with additional mega-braces were most effective in increasing progressive collapse resisting capacity.
● The progressive collapse potential of diagrid system structures was relatively low and did not vary significantly depending on the number of stories.
● The developed MATLAB-based program turned out to be accurate and efficient in finding out critical members for progressive collapse.
● Database for design criteria of progressive collapse was made.
● The materials for related technologies has been added on the website of MIDAS IT for the promotion and education of professionals.
● Development of a procedure for performance evaluation automation according to process of linear static analysis.
● A software for data pre-processing and post-processing for progressive collapse analysis and design was developed.
● Analytical modeling of blast loads.
● Determination of material models of concrete and reinforcement under rapid strain rate.
● Evaluation of blast resisting performance for RC columns and CFT columns.
■ Prevention technology of progressive collapse potential
● An evaluation of blast resistance performance of RC columns according to the shape of cross section
● Evaluation of blast resistance performance for CFT columns by using computational analysis
● An modeling method for the progressive collapse analysis of RC structure
● A method for the progressive collapse analysis of RC frame structure due to blast load by using computational analysis
● Analysis and design to prevent progressive collapse of reinforcement concrete tall building using applied element method
● Reduced degree of freedom modeling for progressive collapse analysis of tall buildings using applied element method
● Development of simplified analysis program using equivalent static loading for tall building
■ Development of Design Guidelines of Super High Rise Buildings for Protecting from Terrorism
● 9 guidelines of Risk Management Series developed by FEMA were analyzed and the data base of architectural design guidelines were established, which are applicable to super high rise building for protection from bomb attack.
● 4 layers of defense were deduced as follows: (1)characteristics of the surrounding area, (2)site perimeter, (3)exterior space of the site, (4)building envelope and interior space.
● For each layer of defense, factors and design elements effecting on the level of terrorism risk were categorized.
● Based on the AHP process, the weights of evaluation elements were extracted. And including evaluation level integration methodology, mutual supplementary effects within the similar elements were reflected. As a result, guidelines for assessing the terrorism risk were suggested.
● Developing architectural design guidelines: The guidelines of each design element were graded based on the protection level and organized for reflecting mutual supplementary effects. As a result, architectural design guidelines for protecting from terrorism and matigating damage were developed and cost-efficient application methods were suggested.
● The progression of damage and the failure mechanisms of structural components by blast loading were analyzed. Then, the key factors for the performance evaluation of structural elements were derived from damage levels and mechanisms.
● The blast resistance of structural elements was estimated based on analysis methods, damage levels, and target protection
● The structural layouts, systems, and elements were categorized according to foreign structural design guides and standards. And the risk assessment of high rise buildings in the country were conducted.
● The methods to secure the ductility of structural elements and the integrity of structural systems in super tall buildings were suggested through the performance evaluation of blast-resistance and ductility of the structural members.
● The program for blast response analysis of structural elements using the dynamic analysis procedure of single-degree-of-freedom system was developed for practical design applications.
● The basic structural guideline for blast mitigation of super tall buildings was developed.
■ Law/Regulation and Supportive Policies for Super Tall Building
● Promoting Special Law for super tall building
· It carried out the investigation and summarization on the status of each element by deducing respective detailed component of total 10 items that consist the super tall building construction special law system (plan). Detailed component for each composition item is as follows.
· ① Pre-approval: Liaison with city planning elements, Prior Impact Assessment, ② Construction permit; Construction permit and Construction permit procedure, ③ Construction supervision: Construction supervisor, ④ Approval to use: Approval to use of super tall building, Approval to use a part (temporary) of super tall building, ⑤ Space planning: Planning components such as building coverage ratio, height limit, ⑥ Structure/Material: Technology and Structure standard, ⑦ Disaster Confrontation: Evaluation/Disaster prevention, Terror prevention, ⑧ Equipment standard: Construction Equipment Standard, Elevator, ⑨ Maintenance: Building Maintenance, Change of Building Use, ⑩Green Certification: Environment-friendly Energy, Reducing Greenhouse Gas
● Plan to improve the system of super tall building
· Suggest an improvement plan about super tall building evacuation and disaster prevention and etc.
● Investigation on the performance evaluation regulation and system
· This study carries out the investigation on the primary guideline of non-residential and residential building regulation, and also suggests the detailed design direction.
● Preparing the foundation for the evaluation of green performance in super tall building construction
· Comparison and analysis on the evaluation elements and standard were carried out by collecting the evaluation item that is related to the evaluation criteria. Based on this, detailed evaluation item and elements for super tall building was suggested.
● In case of Planning permission, the overall process is classified into 3 stages: ① preliminary (preparation) stage, ②evaluation stage, ③determination stage. Planning permit document that the federal and local government require should be submitted to apply for the permit. In relation to this, considerations for the permit by government were studied to carry out a super tall building project, by researching previous planning permit cases that were applied to tall building in England and US(New York, Chicago).
■ Development of Design & Marketing System for Green Vertical City
● Construct DB of Super Tall mixed-use buildings (http://www.stbdb.org)
● Investigate the correlation between city index and the number of super tall buildings in the world major cities
● Parking Guidance System
● Suggestion of improvement in standard ecological area rate (act/policy)
● Draw influential elements of function complex of Super Tall Buildings
● Suggestion of programme algorithm for vertical circulation plan in Super Tall buildings
● Type selection for mass plan for Super Tall Buildings & Development of evaluation tool for 2 dimension efficiency
● Draw influential elements of facade design of Super Tall Buildings
● Suggestion of guideline draft on sensor network & scenario based sensor application concerning comfortableness
● Construction of efficient residential area DB & Establishment of criteria for comfortableness (livability)
● Analysis on Lease Span for efficient floor plan & Draw its components
● Establishment of feasibility criteria of Super Tall Buildings
● Draw social & cultual characteristics of Super Tall Buildings and its value improving element

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 보고서 요약서 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 20
• 목차 ... 38
• Contents ... 41
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제 개요 ... 44
• 제 1 절 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성 ... 44
• 1. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 44
• 2. 연구개발의 목적 및 목표 ... 45
• 제2절 연구개발의 정의, 범위, 특징 ... 56
• 1. 연구개발기술의 정의 ... 56
• 2. 연구개발의 범위 ... 65
• 3. 연구개발의 특징 ... 67
• 제3절 관련분야의 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 69
• 1. 국내 기술현황 ... 69
• 2. 국외 기술현황 ... 75
• 제4절 연구개발결과가 관련분야에서 차지하는 위치 ... 83
• 1. 연구개발기술의 우수성 ... 83
• 2. 연구개발 기술의 차별성 ... 84
• 제 2 장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 85
• 제 1 절 연구수행 전략 및 방법론 ... 85
• 1. 연구추진 전략 ... 85
• 2. 연구추진 방법 ... 86
• 제2절 연구수행과정 및 내용 ... 92
• 1. 풍진동제어 기술개발 ... 92
• 2. 연쇄붕괴 방지기술 개발 ... 708
• 3. 초고층 건물의 폭발물테러 예방 및 피해 경감 설계기술 개발 ... 851
• 4. 초고층건축 법/제도 및 지원정책 ... 933
• 5. 초고층 수직도시공간 계획기술 개발 ... 1371
• 제3장 최종 연구성과 및 적용실적 ... 1695
• 제1절 개별 연구성과명 ... 1695
• 1. 개별 연구성과 설명 ... 1695
• 2. 주요 연구성과(학술적 성과 및 기술적 성과) ... 1697
• 3. 기술 실시 및 적용사례 ... 1704
• 4. 기술개발 성과의 국내외 시장 전망 ... 1708
• 제4장 연구목표 달성 및 효과 ... 1709
• 제1절 연구개발 최종목표 달성도 ... 1709
• 제2절 연구개발 성과의 기술적 효과 ... 1713
• 제3절 연구개발 성과의 경제적 효과분석 ... 1716
• 제4절 연구개발 성과의 정책적 효과분석 ... 1718
• 제5장 연구성과의 활용 및 추가연구 필요성 ... 1719
• 제1절 연구성과 향후 활용방안 ... 1719
• 1. 기술실시 계획 ... 1719
• 2. 판매계획 ... 1719
• 3. 사업화 추진방안 ... 1720
• 4. 정책반영 계획 ... 1721
• 5. 기존 연구 및 타 연구와의 연계 방안 ... 1721
• 제2절 추가연구 필요성 ... 1722
• 1. 풍진동 제어 기술 ... 1722
• 2. 연쇄붕괴 방지기술 ... 1730
• 3. 초고층건축 관련 법/제도 개선 ... 1732
• 4. 녹색수직도시공간 계획 ... 1734
• 참고문헌 ... 1736
• 끝페이지 ... 1740