보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
충북대학교 산학협력단 Chungbuk National University |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2016-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2015 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
과제관리전문기관 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600003238 |
과제고유번호 |
1395039987 |
사업명 |
국책기술개발 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-06-25
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600003238 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
제 1 세부과제 : 심리치유용 체험 곤충 수요 분석 및 프로그램 개발
1. 애완곤충에 대한 수요 및 인지도 조사
곤충의 심리치료 활용을 위한 연구의 기초자료 구축을 위한 일반인의 곤충에 대한 개념형성, 인지도, 호감도의 조사를 전체 788명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하고 남녀, 거주 지역, 학생여부, 곤충행사체험 여부에 따라 비교 분석을 실시한 결과, 곤충을 대체적으로 긍정적으로 평가하고 있으며 남자 그리고 행사체험자일수록 더욱 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 또한 곤충에 대한 호감도 조사결과, 전체적으로 높
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
제 1 세부과제 : 심리치유용 체험 곤충 수요 분석 및 프로그램 개발
1. 애완곤충에 대한 수요 및 인지도 조사
곤충의 심리치료 활용을 위한 연구의 기초자료 구축을 위한 일반인의 곤충에 대한 개념형성, 인지도, 호감도의 조사를 전체 788명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하고 남녀, 거주 지역, 학생여부, 곤충행사체험 여부에 따라 비교 분석을 실시한 결과, 곤충을 대체적으로 긍정적으로 평가하고 있으며 남자 그리고 행사체험자일수록 더욱 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 또한 곤충에 대한 호감도 조사결과, 전체적으로 높은 호감도를 보이고 있으며 남자, 학생, 체험자일수록 더욱 긍정적인 반응을 보였으며, 곤충에 대한 인지도 및 호감도의 증대를 위해서는 곤충 관련 전시회나 행사 등의 체험이 매우 긍정적으로 작용하고 있었고, 집단 유형에 따라 상이한 반응을 보였다.
2. 일반인 애완곤충 심리치유 프로그램
애완 곤충 선호도 및 인지도 분석 결과를 바탕으로 이용 가능한 애완 곤충으로 장수풍뎅이 혹은 사슴벌레 또는 호랑나비를 선발하고, 다양한 보조 심리치유 도구들을 선발하여 심리치유 프로그램을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 프로그램 참여자들은 자존감, 주관적 삶의질 그리고 삶의질이 유의차 있게 높아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
3. 청소년 애완곤충 심리치유 프로그램
청소년을 대상으로 프로그램을 계획하고 추진한 결과, 남학생은는 책임계획, 자아존중감에서 여학생은는 책임계획, 주관적 삶의 질 부분에서 심리 치유 효과가 더 높아 졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 전체적으로는 책임계획, 주관적 삶의 질 그리고 자아존중감이 유의차 있게 높아짐을 확인할 수 있었다.
4. 심신미약 아동 애완곤충 심리치유 프로그램
심신미약 아동들 중 성적학대 경험이 있는 아동센터 아동들을 대상으로 프로그램을 실시한 결과, 프로그램 참여자들은 프로그램 종료 후 모든 검사 심리 척도가 높아짐을 확인하였고, 특히 우울증 및 자기개념은 유의차 있게 높아진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 신경정신과 내원 아동 및 청소년들을 대상으로 프로그램을 구상하고 실시한 결과에서도 남자·여자 관계 없이 우울증 감소 및 자아존중감, 자기개념, 생활만족도 상승 등의 모든 심리치유 효과가 상승됨을 확인하였다.
5. 애완곤충을 이용한 심리치료 프로그램 개발을 위한 기본 구성
프로그램 수행 기간 및 시간, 프로그램 구성, 대상자에 따른 곤충 및 보조도구 선정 기준기간, 유의사항 등의 애완곤충을 이용한 심리치유 프로그램 개발의 기준을 최종적으로 제시하였다.
제 1 협동과제 : 심리치유용 곤충의 탐색 및 모델 곤충 개발
1. 심리치유 이용 가능 곤충 종의 선발
사육법이 개발된 곤충들 중 심리치유 이용가능 종을 선발한 결과, 배추흰나비, 호랑나비, 장수풍뎅이, 사슴벌레, 왕귀뚜라미 그리고 누에를 선발할 수 있었다. 특히, 장수풍뎅이와 사슴벌레의 이용 가치가 가장 높게 나타났다.
2. 심리치유용 곤충에 적합한 원예식물 탐색
치유용 곤충 중 호랑나비를 대상으로 원예식물을 선발한 결과, 루, 탱자 그리고 유자가 적합한 식물로 선발되었다.
3. 곤충을 이용한 체험 프로그램 개발
심리치유용으로 선발된 곤충들에 대해서 친숙함을 높일 수 있는 소개 자료 및 사육방법 등을 내용으로 다양한 팜플릿을 제작하였다.
4. 곤충프로그램 효과 검정
곤충 팜플릿과 키트 등을 이용한 치유 프로그램을 초등학생들을 대상으로 실시하고 그 효과를 타액 분석을 통해 입증하였다. 그 결과, 타액호르몬인 콜티졸 함량과 Cortisol/DHEA 비율이 유의하게 높아져 곤충체험이 아이들에게 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
제 2 협동과제 : 아동 및 성인에 대한 곤충매개 심리치유 효과 검정
1. 애완곤충 사육의 인지 수행기능에 대한 효과
애완곤충으로써 귀뚜라미 사육 후 노인의 인지 수행 능력 변화를 조사한 결과, 수행 능력의 정확도와 반응 시간 개선 그리고 기능적 뇌 자기공명영상(fMRI) 분석 결과 뇌의 활성화되는 영역에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 기저 인지 기능이 다소 낮은 대상자에서 더욱 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 곤충 사육을 통한 애착관계 형성과 청각적 자극이 노인에서 긍정적인 효과가 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있었다.
2. 사향곤충의 후각적 자극을 이용한 인지 수행 기능에 대한 효과
일부 대상자에서 사향곤충의 자극이 있을 경우 동일한 수행 평가에서 뇌 활성도가 활발히 변화되는 영역이 달라짐을 확인할 수 있어 후각적 자극 효과의 긍정적인 반응을 함으로써 향후 심리치유 도구롤 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
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Insects are the most diverse groups of animals on the planet, representing more than half of all known living organisms and found in nearly every environment. Recently, the importance of insects as food sources or as pets has increased in many countries, including Korea. In addition, several insects
Insects are the most diverse groups of animals on the planet, representing more than half of all known living organisms and found in nearly every environment. Recently, the importance of insects as food sources or as pets has increased in many countries, including Korea. In addition, several insects have been shown to exert a strong influence on peoples’ emotions. Our insect-mediated mental healthcare program is designed to help meet the physical, behavioral and developmental needs of people with mental disorders. The rearing and observation of insects and insect-related events can provide positive feelings or even affection in people; therefore, it is possible that insects may be used effectively as a therapeutic tool. In this study, we performed the survey analysis for concept, awareness and likeability of human to insect in Korea and developed an insect-mediated healthcare program for human to evaluate the effects of this program on the emotional health of people. Major results are followed by each study.
First project: Development mental-health care program using pet-insects
To investigate the degree of the concept and awareness for insect, the survey was performed to students and adults in Korea. The misconception rate for insect was about 50% for the both students and adults, but it was lower to students and people who experienced the insect-related events than adults and not. The highest misconception was for a question about the basic structure of insect. The most of people had a high awareness of the insect. The significant difference and correlation for the awareness of insect were found between students and adults, male and female, people experienced insect-related event and not. Especially, the experience of insect-related event much more influenced the awareness of insect. The degree of individuals' likability of insects, for insect-related questions, positive responses were higher than negative ones. Among the positive responses, the personal rearing of insects scored lower than others. The unconditional dislike of insects scored highest in the negative responses. A significant difference and a correlation were found between males and females, students and adults, people experienced in insect-related events and those who were not. In particular, previous experience in insect-related events significantly influenced insect likability. Subjects preferred coleopteran and lepidopteran insects to others. However, this preference of insects differed by gender: Male participants preferred coleopteran insects to lepidopteran insects, while female participants preferred lepidopteran insects to coleopteran ones. No significant differences in the preference of insects were found by participants' job, residence, or experience in insect-related events. These findings suggest that gender is the most important factor to consider in selecting insects to be used as therapeutic tools in mental health care. The insect-mediated mental healthcare program is designed to help meet the physical, behavioral and developmental needs of people with mental disorders. Adult, adolescents and children, respectively, with mental disorders, the experimental group, were provided with an insect-mediated mental healthcare program for a total of 8 to 10 sessions, one session per week, at 1 to 2 hours per session, accompanied by a pre-test and post-test. The overall, gender, education level, and mental disease profiles of the participants in this study were balanced, and our results indicated that children who participated in a group insect-mediated healthcare program once showed significant improvement in their emotional health and insect awareness. Additionally, paired t-tests showed that the outcomes of the participants were significantly improved (p<0.05). These results suggest that insects positively influence children's emotional health via an insect-mediated healthcare program. Further research on the basis of this study is expected to help people with emotional therapy in other areas.
Second project: Investigation of insects for the mental-health care program
In an effort to obtain foundational data required to evaluate the therapeutic effect of educational insect rearing, this study surveyed current educational pet insect rearing practices in Korea and examined the expected psychological effects from participating in the activity. Data were collected from those who visited the special insect exhibition in 2013~2015 using a self-rating of self-esteem, sociality and stress and salivary cortisol measured. The AAT intervention group experienced a significant increase in self esteem level compared to the control group (p<0.05). And there were significant decrease in stress before and after AAT using insect. The students collected saliva sample for cortisol analysis, which was used as an index of the stress response. We discovered positive changes in neurochemicals, such as cortisol related directly to positive interaction with insects. It is therefore necessary to develop standardized manuals and care programs for more diverse insect species with which to help keep up consumer interest in educational insect rearing[34]. These efforts will help the psychotherapeutic effects of educational pet insect rearing and enhance its role as a learning aid.
Third project: Effects of the mental-health care program to human
The elderly population is increasing worldwide, with Korea being one of the most rapidly aging societies: in 2014, 12.7% of the Korean population was aged over 65. Elderly people have high rates of physical and psychiatric comorbidity that increase the rates of poly-pharmacological treatment. These factors in turn decrease the quality of life of older adults. They also impose a significant burden on individuals and the nation in terms of excessive medical expenses: indeed, in Korea, one-third of all medical expenses in 2014 were for elderly patient. Thus, the development of cost-effective and non-invasive treatments for older adults is a primary goal of healthcare providers. Several studies investigated whether animal-assisted therapy can improve the psychological health of elderly people. Various species were studied, including dogs, cats, birds, fish, and robot dogs. While various species have been used for animal-assisted therapies, mammals such as dogs are the most commonly used species. To the best of our knowledge, the usefulness of pet insects for animal (living organism)-assisted psychological treatment has not been studied previously, even though insects play key roles in the agricultural, educational, and cultural domains, and edible insects are used as food and are a good nutritional resource. There are several advantages to using insects for animal-assisted interventions. Caring for insects involves no specific threats, and it is inexpensive due to the high fecundity of insects. Insects are also easy to handle and require little space and food. To test whether pet insects could be a promising alternative species for animal-assisted therapy in the elderly population, the present trial was designed.
To our knowledge, pet insects never have been used for psychological treatment. This study is the first clinical trial to investigate the usefulness of pet insects using various psychometric, laboratory, and radiological methods.
1. Psychological effect: We performed clinical trials with relatively healthy elderly living in a community. After the 8 week study period, pet insects had positive effects on psychological health of the elderly: they improved depression, cognitive function, and health-related quality of life. The results were significant after the adjustment of baseline status, compared to the control group.
2. Physical effect (Laboratory test): The pet insect therapy did not significantly influence the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, even though we gave recommendations about healthcare, including regular exercise, to the elderly.
3. Effect on Cognitive-performance function: We analyzed cognitive-performance function using functional magnetic ctionance imaging (fMRI) scan. fMRI is a functional neuroimaging procedued coing MRI that measures brain activity by detecting chanI) sassociated with blood flow. After the 8 week study period, the elderly who had mild cognitive function decline showgnit significant improvement in behavioral performance activity, ctaction time, and neuronaginctivity of vity by dcerebmagincta. According to the result, we consider that ctarfMRI is a fumay have beneficial effect on cognitive-performance function for the elderly.
4. Effect of the insects with musk: We compared the fMRI results with or without the musk of specific insect. A few participants showed small improvement in behavioral performance function with the presence of olfactory stimulation. It is expected that further study with larger subjects could prove significant change of cognitive function with the stimulation of insect musk.
This study is the first study to investigate the clinical effects of caring for pet insects. Studies on the therapeutic aspects of pet insects have not been reported previously. Moreover, the precise effects of pet insects were determined by performing various types of psychometric tests, laboratory analyzes of diverse markers, and a reliable radiological imaging of fMRI. To reveal statistical significance, further studies with larger subjects that investigate the usefulness of insects in various age groups are needed.
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