보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립식량과학원 National Institute of Crop Science |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2016-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2015 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600003392 |
과제고유번호 |
1395043938 |
사업명 |
작물시험연구 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-06-25
|
키워드 |
Project Incubation System.
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600003392 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
① 벼 직파재배 논에서 생분해성 비닐 피복의 잡초발생 억제 및 벼 생육특성 효과구명
○ 일부 농가에서 생분해성 비닐 피복에 의한 벼 직파재배 농가에서 잡초 억제율 및 벼 입모율을 조사한 결과, 부안의 3농가의 잡초 발생 억제율은 50~60%를 나타내어 화학적 방제에 비해 매우 낮게 나타났음
○ 이들 농가는 발생된 잡초를 방제하기 위하여 파종 후 35~40일에 다시 경엽 제초제를 처리하여 비빌피복에 의한 잡초방제는 기대하기 어려움
② 남부지역 3모작 작부체계 개발 현장실증연구
○ 전
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
① 벼 직파재배 논에서 생분해성 비닐 피복의 잡초발생 억제 및 벼 생육특성 효과구명
○ 일부 농가에서 생분해성 비닐 피복에 의한 벼 직파재배 농가에서 잡초 억제율 및 벼 입모율을 조사한 결과, 부안의 3농가의 잡초 발생 억제율은 50~60%를 나타내어 화학적 방제에 비해 매우 낮게 나타났음
○ 이들 농가는 발생된 잡초를 방제하기 위하여 파종 후 35~40일에 다시 경엽 제초제를 처리하여 비빌피복에 의한 잡초방제는 기대하기 어려움
② 남부지역 3모작 작부체계 개발 현장실증연구
○ 전남 영광군 3모작 실증시험포장의 작목별 소득분석결과, 사료용 옥수수의 경우 10a당 소득이 1,217천원, 하파귀리는 374천원, 호밀 468천원으로 분석되어 삼모작(옥수수+하파귀리+호밀)에 따른 10a당 소득은 총 2,060천원이었음
○ 일반적인 밭작물인 콩 단작(563천원/10a) 대비 366%, 양파(904천원/10a) 대비 228%, 마늘(1,633천원/10a) 대비 126%, 노지고추(1,924천원/10a) 대비 107% 수준인 것으로 비교되었음
③ 우리나라 쌀 가공식품 구매패턴의 변화 분석
○ 주요 유통채널 4곳의 쌀 가공식품 매출규모는 2014년 기준, 식품 매출액의 8~11% 수준으로 적지 않은 비중을 차지하였으며, 하나로마트와 이마트는 즉석밥류, 떡류, 면류가 상대적으로 다양하게 판매되고 있었음
○ 향후 쌀 가공식품 소비 활성화를 위해 가격은 낮추되 맛과, 기능성, 보관성, 다양성을 높이는 방안이 필요함을 시사하였음
○ 수도권 가구의 쌀 가공식품 구매금액이나 구매빈도는 최근 5년간(2010~2014년) 크게 증가하지 않은 편이며, 전통적인 떡류 시장이 여전이 과반 이상을 차지하고 있어 쌀 가공식품의 다양화와 간편화를 통한 소비 유도가 필요하였음
④ 주요 벼 품종의 기본영양생장성 평가
○ 벼 품종별 최적일장 구명 실험
- 품종별로 보면 일장에 따른 출수일의 변화는 고품이 21일로 가장 컸으며, 오대벼와 드래찬은 각각 9일과 8일로 출수일의 차이가 가장 적은 것으로 나타났음
○ 벼 품종별 최적온도 구명 실험
- 온도의 경우 일장에 비해 온도차에 따른 출수일의 차이가 크지 않았으며, 품종간에도 출수지연 정도가 크지 않았음
○ 주요 벼 품종별 기본영양생장기간
- 45개 공시품종들의 기본영양생장기간은 14~41일의 범위를 보였으며, 고품과 선품이 14일로 가장 짧았던 반면, 남일벼가 41일로 가장 길었다. 대체로 통일형 품종의 기본영양생장기간이 길었으며, 조생종인 철원88호는 32일이었음
⑤ 중ㆍ북부지역 춘파 맥류-벼 작부체계 설정 연구
○ 남부지역산에 비해 중북부지역산이 원맥 및 맥아 특성 등 맥주 품질 특성이 떨어지므로 중북부지역 적응 신품종 개발 및 재배법 개선 연구가 요구됨
○ 중북부지역 2모작 문제점 및 개선방안 제시
⑥ 억새 수확 지연정도가 출수 및 바이오매스 수량에 미치는 영향
○ 수확시기가 늦을수록 당년 생성된 지하경이 전년의 것에 비해 가늘어져 맹아종 수확에서 전년, 당년생성 지하경태가 거대1호는 각각 9.2㎜, 6.7㎜ 이질 3배체는 각각 8.5㎜, 8.0㎜ 이었음
○ 수확시기가 늦을수록 경장이 작아지고 아울러 줄기 수량도 감소하였음. 거대1호와 이질3배체의 경장은 맹아시 수확에서 각각 308㎝, 374㎝ 이었으나 맹아종 수확에서는 각각 268㎝, 341㎝로 작아졌고, 줄기 수량 또한 맹아시 수확에서는 각각 1,440㎏/10a, 1,777㎏/10a 이었으나 맹아종 수확에서는 각각 847㎏/10a, 963㎏/10a로 크게 감소하였음
○ 출수율은 거대1호의 경우 맹아시 수확에서 3.9% 로 극히 낮았고 맹아기 및 맹아종 수확에서는 거의 출수되지 않았음
Abstract
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The objective of present study was focused on finding solutions on urgent issues, customer’s demands of the year. it also was focused on getting an information from proposed staff ideas for the further studies. 6 sub-projects were conducted in 2015 as follows
① Weed management and rice growth
The objective of present study was focused on finding solutions on urgent issues, customer’s demands of the year. it also was focused on getting an information from proposed staff ideas for the further studies. 6 sub-projects were conducted in 2015 as follows
① Weed management and rice growth by naturally degradable vinyl mulching in rice wet seeded field
This study was conducted to study about weed management and rice growth by naturally degradable vinyl mulching in rice wet seeded field. The weed control effects were to comparison field were 41% and 35% at 30 days and 60 days after rice seeding, non-mulching rice field, in direct hill seeding on paddy field of actual farmhouse by naturally degradable vinyl mulching. The rate of standing rice plants in the rice was averagely 62%. The length rice plant and rice yields were much lower than those of non-mulching rice field by hand weeding. And the weed control efficacy and rate of standing rice plants were very low in rice wet seeded field of 5 farmhouses by naturally degradable vinyl mulching. Therefore, these results suggest that rice wet seeded field of farmhouse by naturally degradable vinyl mulching is unrealistic cultivation.
② A study on filed trial of development of triple cropping system in southern region
The field study was conducted to develop the triple cropping system for silage maize, summer oats and winter rye in the field of 1.2ha in Yeonggwang county(Jeollanam-do). The main research topics are the yields of the each crop, economic feasibility and nutritive value as forage. According to the test results, the triple cropping system was confirmed to be suitable in the filed of southern region. Respective corps for the system were seeded on May 10(silage maize), August 27(summer oats) and November 23(winter rye). The early growth of silage maize was inactive because of the drought, but after enough rain in the middle of June, the growth of silage maize was restored. The quantity of sowed seeds for summer oats was increased by 30% to 20kg/10a compared to the standard(15kg/10a). As a result, the state of growth was very favorable. The fresh weight of the plants (87.5 ton/ha for silage maize, 30.4 ton/ha for summer oats, and 36 ton/ha for winter plant rye) showed that the yields of the three crops are all more than average. Triple Cropping systems in the southern region was demonstrated that they can ensure stable yields and it can be a method for increasing the forage self-sufficiency in the future.
③ Recent changes of market trends and consumption patterns for processed rice food products in Korea
The objective of this study is to explore the recent changes of market trends and consumption patterns for processed rice food products in Korea. For these purposes, we surveyed the sales of processed rice food products in major 4 retail stores (Hanaromart, Emart, Newcore department store, CU convenience store) and analyzed the panel data collected periodically from a total of 703 households from 2010 to 2014 by Rural Development Administration. Also, processed rice food products were grouped into 10 different categories such as Bob, Jook, Noodles, Cake, Bread, Snack, Alcohol, Drink, Seasoning, and Flour. The results were as follows: First, processed rice food sales accounted for 8~11 percent of total food sales in major 4 retail stores. The products of large enterprises rather than smaller enterprises were being distributed more. Second, merchandisers mentioned the prospect and limitation of processed rice food products in market. Third, total annual purchase amount for processed rice foods per household in metropolitan was increased 1.32 times from 110,868 won in 2010 to 145,880 won in 2014. By 10 categories, their proportion based on the purchase amount in 2014, the highest kind of processed products was Cake, followed by Alcohol, Bob, Snack. Compared with 2010, Bread, Jook, and Seasoning were highly increased but Noodles and Drinks were reduced in 2014. Fourth, while monthly purchase amount for processed rice products was the highest in January, February, and October due to Korean feast, it was the lowest in summer season. Fifth, based on their proportion of total annual purchase amount, the biggest buying store was specialty store, followed by large discount supermarket, super supermarket, and supermarket. Compared with 2010, specialty store, non-store, and department store were highly increased but temporary and traditional market were reduced. Based on these results, implications will be suggested.
④ Evaluation of basic vegetative growth period in some rice varieties
Heading habit of rice cultivars is important factor to determine cropping period. Rice relies on photoperiod and temperature for heading time. Rice development before floral initiation is divided into two successive phases: the basic vegetative growth phase (BVP, photoperiod-insensitive phase) and the photoperiod-sensitive phase (PSP). This experiment was conducted to find out the optimal day length and temperature for heading in japonica rice variety, and to evaluate basic vegetative growth periods of recently released varieties in Korea. Four japonica rice varieties (Odae, Gopum, Ilpum, and Deuraechan) were grown phytotron system of NICS (National Institute of Crop Science). The earliest heading date was observed in day length of 10~12 hour treatments. Temperature that showed the earliest rice heading date was 27.6℃ according to the regression analysis. BVP of each rice cultivars recently released in South Korea was evaluated under these two environmental conditions. The range of BVP was 14-41 days in 45 varieties. The shortest BVP was observed in Gopum and Seonpum, and the longest BVP was in Namil. Above results are necessary for further research on rice heading habit and cultivation period estimation.
⑤ Spring-sown a sort of barley–rice cropping systems in central northern part of Korea
One of an unforeseen weather conditions by global warming, It was raining during autumn-sown barley sowing time recently. As raining prevent barley sowing at late autumn often, barley cultivation area has decreased. To maintain the barley cultivation, Spring-sown barley method has been disseminated at southern area in Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate the spring-sown barley-rice cropping systems at central-northern area in Korea. Spring sowing a sort of barley–rice cropping patterns were tested 3 regions, Suwon, Icheon, Cheorwon, in central northern part of korea. The average dry weight of whole crop of silage barley, ‘Youngyang’, in Suwon and Icheon, was 904 kg/10a. It was about 78% of autumn-sown dry weight. The average grain yield of malting barley, ‘Hopum’, were 396 kg/10a. It was about 94% of autumn-sown yield. In rice, the highest milled rice yield was obtained by ‘Jopyeong’. It was 576 kg/10a, estimated 92% compared to yield of the proper transplant time. In Cheorwon, the harvest time of a sort of silage barley was July 20. The dry weight of whole crop of silage barley were 917 kg/10a in triticale, 890 kg/10a in oat. the harvest time of a sort of eatable barley was July 25. The grain yield were 331 kg/10a in malting barley, 273 kg/10a in wheat, 444 kg/10a in oat. Milled rice yield was higher in order of ‘Jopyeong’(491kg/10a), ‘Cheorwon 88’(477), ‘Odae’(473), ‘Baekilmi’(454). Those were 84% of yield of the proper transplant time, May 20. In income, the spring-sown silage barley-rice cropping systems higher than rice single culture. It is concluded that spring-sown barley-rice cropping systems is acceptable method at central-northern area in Korea.
⑥ Effects of delayed Miscanthus harvesting on biomass yield and growth characteristics
This experiment was conducted to look into the effects of delayed miscanthus harvesting on biomass yield and growth characteristics. The trial was carried out at a five years old demonstration field, using Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 and Miscanthus. x giganteous. Harvesting were carried out with a mower, baler and bale picker driven by a heavy tractor of 5 ton. Harvesting dates were 1st, 10th, 17th of April, which are first, mid and last emerging date of new shoots, respectively. The sequential changes in stem number by delayed harvesting were investigated in 29th April, 27th May, 22nd July and 30th October, which are juvenile, mid, luxuriant and senescence stage of stems, respectively. Soil penetration resistance, biomass yield and growth characteristics were investigated in 30th October. The difference of soil penetration resistance was not shown in 10㎝ depth, but increased in 20㎝ depth of soil in proportion to delayed harvesting time. The sequential change of stem number by delayed harvesting was larger in Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 than M. x giganteous. In Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 which was harvested in last emerging date of new shoots, the stem number was 169/㎡ in the mid stage of stem but decreased to 70/㎡ in the luxuriant stage. The dimeter of newly developed rhizome, stem height and biomass yield were decreased by delayed harvesting in two Miscanthus species. The ratio of miscanthus heading which are critical characteristics for landscape use were also decreased by delayed harvesting in two Miscanthus species, and heading was not observed in harvested plots of mid and last emerging date of new shoots in Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1.
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