초록 ▼

□ 과제명 : 고품질 단감 생산을 위한 병해충 경감 기술 및 가공용 생리활성 연구

▶ 연구목적 :
○ 효과적인 단감 탄저병 방제력 구출
○ 둥근무늬낙엽병 자낭포자 비산량 모니터링 및 발병예찰
○ 유기농 재배와 관행 재배 단감원에서 곤충상의 변화 조사
○ 감꽃차의 생리활성 성분 분석

▶ 주요연구내용 :
○ 1세부과제명 : 단감 탄저병 방제력 수립
- 계통별 12개의 약제에 대한 탄저병 억제효과를 검정
- 계통별 4개의 약제의 시제 포장에서 방제가 도출
- 약제사용을

□ 과제명 : 고품질 단감 생산을 위한 병해충 경감 기술 및 가공용 생리활성 연구

▶ 연구목적 :
○ 효과적인 단감 탄저병 방제력 구출
○ 둥근무늬낙엽병 자낭포자 비산량 모니터링 및 발병예찰
○ 유기농 재배와 관행 재배 단감원에서 곤충상의 변화 조사
○ 감꽃차의 생리활성 성분 분석

▶ 주요연구내용 :
○ 1세부과제명 : 단감 탄저병 방제력 수립
- 계통별 12개의 약제에 대한 탄저병 억제효과를 검정
- 계통별 4개의 약제의 시제 포장에서 방제가 도출
- 약제사용을 감소시킬 수 있는 적정 살포 횟수를 실증실험을 통하여 도출

○ 2세부과제명 : 단감 둥근무늬낙엽병 발병예찰 및 경보시스템 구축
- 감나무 둥근무늬낙엽병 발병예찰 모델 및 그의 용도(발명특허출원:10-2014-0044076)
- 감나무 둥근무늬낙엽병의 자낭포자 비산정보 집계
- 자낭포자 비산 예찰 모델을 제시
- 개별 농가에서 수집한 기상정보를 토대로 병 발생 예찰 모델 개발
- 모델을 적용한 방제 시기 결정

○ 3세부과제명 : 재배 방법에 따른 단감원의 곤충상 변화 연구
- 유기재배 농가와 관행농가의 곤충상을 조사한 결과 유기재배농가에서 곤충상이 다양하고, 천적의 밀도가 월등히 높았음
- 단감의 새로운 해충으로 가을뒷노랑밤나방과 푸른빛집명나방 분류 동정, 이미지 촬영

○ 1협동과제명 : 감꽃차의 항산화능 분석
- 80℃에서 2분 이상 또는 90℃에서 1분 이상의 조건에서 추출하면 비교적 우수한 항산화능의 감꽃차를 제조
- 인공건조한 감꽃을 90℃에서 3분간 추출하였을 때 항고혈압능이 가장 높음
- 신경세포 보호, 숙취해소 효과는 추출 온도보다는 추출 시간이 길수록 다소 증가
- 감꽃차의 건조 상태와 조건, 추출 온도와 시간이 항고혈압능에 매우 중요하며, 이를 고려하여 우수한 항고혈압능의 감꽃차를 제조

Abstract ▼

Anthracnose disease of sweet persimmon has been consider the most severe disease due to it significantly reduced fruit qualities. However, there is no reliable control calendar of the disease with lack of understanding of the disease. The sweet persimmon growers are usually spray fungicide too exces

Anthracnose disease of sweet persimmon has been consider the most severe disease due to it significantly reduced fruit qualities. However, there is no reliable control calendar of the disease with lack of understanding of the disease. The sweet persimmon growers are usually spray fungicide too excessive. As result, cost to the fruit production has been increased. Therefore, to produce low pesticides exposed fruit and effective control methods have been demanded.
For 6 single ingredient of fungicides EC50s were calculated with inhibition rate of pathogen mycelium. Quinone, Triazole, Dithiocarbamate, Strobilurin+Trizaole were sprayed eight times in commercial sweet persimmon orchards and inverstigated control effect on twig and fruit anthracnose disease according to standard operational protocol. Additionally, we investigated that treatment pattern of infected twig or fruit in total 10 orchards. Among the investigated orchards, 8 orchards showed no treatment for the infected plants. Dithianon showed the best protection effect against anthracnose disease regards number of spray the fungicide. Metconazloe and Propineb also showed reliable control effect and both fungicides effect was similar level. In 8 and 4 times spray plots, there were no anthracnose disease developed in both twig and fruit. Taken together, 4 times fungicide spray with appropriate fungicide is enough to control the sweet persimmon anthracnose disease control.
Elimination of symptomatic leaves can be helpful in reducing disease severity, but the most practical control means is the application of fungicides. Fungicide application control strategies are based on preventive treatments in spring. Once symptoms have developed fungicide applications are no more effective. A practical method of measuring these spores is one of the key factors missing from the CLS management. By understanding when and how many ascospores are producing during the spring, it should be possible to time fungicides to the periods of highest risk.
Circular leaf spot (CLS) disease exerts considerable economic damage on sweet persimmon in Southern Korea. Ascospores of Mycosphaerella nawae are the primary inoculum for epidemics of CLS. We investigated the seasonal fluctuation of spore release and its relationship with environment factors affecting spore release based on spore trapping and fungal isolation. In this study, the seasonal pattern of released ascospores of M. nawae in South Korea was evaluated. During two persimmon growth seasons (2013 to 2014) the observed ascospore release from two regions (Jinju and Jinyoung) was recorded. Automatic weather stations at each of the ascospore monitoring sites, provided hourly records of temperature and rainfall. Daily counts of the fungal spore released were provided to sweet persimmon growers in the country via homepage or personal cellular phone message.
A practical method of measuring these spores is one of the key factors in the CLS management program. By understanding when and how many ascospores are producing during the spring, it should be possible to time fungicide to the periods of high risk. Ascospore release was monitored in two regions (one site in each of Jinju and Jinyoung) from 1 May to 31 July from 2013 to 2014 using the exposed glass slide monitoring method. Spore traps consisted of glass slides coated with glycerin jelly were vertically positioned 30 cm above the ground. At each site, three replicate glass slides were exposed for 24 h over CLS diseased leaves of sweet persimmon, which were collected from each orchard block corresponding sites every year, then overwintered at each monitoring site. Glass slides are retrieved and replaced by new ones every day. Glass slides were then mounted with a drop of distilled water and covered with a cover glass. Spores trapped under the cover glass were counted with a light microscope, and the number of spores per square centimeter was counted. This method provides information on the relative numbers of ascospores available. It can be used to identify the beginning, peak, and end of the ascospore release season. The ascospores of CLS start to release from first week of May and collected until end of July. The maximum release of spores was observed in the late of June. Southern Korea receives heavy rain in June, and due to the high rate of ascospore dispersal. Daily counts of the fungal spore released were provided to 679 and 935 sweet persimmon growers via homepage or personal cellular phone message, in 2013 and 2014, respectively. At this time this study is useful in the estimation of the starting, peak, and end of ascospore release, thus affects the use of fungicides to control CLS.
This study appears adequate for use in timing fungicides for CLS disease control. Three ways in which the study could help Korean persimmon growers make decisions on timing fungicides are: 1) identifying the start of the ascospore release so that the need for early fungicide protection can be assessed; 2) identifying exactly when the rapid increase in ascospore release occurs so that fungicide protection can be maintained over the period of highest risk; 3) identifying the end of the ascospore release so that growers who have achieved good control of ascospore infection can safely reduce the intensity of fungicide applications.
Insect and natural enemy fauna were surveyed at conventional (CO) and organic-farming persimmon orchards (OO) at Jinju, Korea, using sweep net and naked eyes in 2013 and 2014. Using sweeping net, 46 species at an OO and 18 species at a CO were observed in 2013. In 2014 too, more species was observed at OO (65 species, 33 families, 7 orders) than at a CO (27 species, 16 families, 6 orders). Dominant species surveyed during the two years were Nysius plebejus Distant and Cletus punctiger (Dallas) in both types of orchards, CO and OO. followed by Rhopalus maculatus (Fieber) Riptortus pedestris Thunberg.
Same as the case of sweep net survey, naked eyes also found more species at OO (192 species, 74 families, 11 orders) than at CO (102 species, 54 families, 10 orders) in 2014. Dominant species by naked eyes survey were Lycorma emelianovi Oshanin, Apis mellifera Linne, Uroleucon cephalonopli (Takahashi) at OO, and A. mellifera and R. maculatus at CO in 2014.
Thirty one and 9 species of natural enemies were observed by naked eyes and sweep net at OO respectively, and 18 and 5 species were at CO respectively, in 2014.
In this survey three species of insect pests were identified which have not been recorded as pests of persimmon in Korea. They are Hypocala deflorata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Teliphasa elegans (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and Cuphodes diospyrosella Issiki) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae).
Fresh, naturally dried, and artificially dried persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) flower buds (PFBs) were extracted with deionized water (1 g/100 mL) at five temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100℃) for four soaking times (30, 60, 120, and 180 s). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were enhanced with increasing extraction time and temperature. Extraction time and temperature in fresh PFB extract led to little differences in total phenolic contents (TPCs). However, naturally and artificially dried PFB extracts significantly changed TPCs. The extracts of artificially dried PEB for 180 s at 100℃ contained the highest TPC: 43.07 μg gallic acid equivalents/g, while the extracts of artificially dried PEB for 180 s at 90℃ showed the highest angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity. These results suggest that the drying method and soaking condition are important for the application of PFBs to a functional food material.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요 약 문 ... 3
• S U M M A R Y ... 7
• 목차 ... 10
• 제 1 장 서 론 ... 11
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 13
• 제 1절 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 13
• 제 2절 국외 기술개발 현황 ... 13
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 14
• 제1절 단감 탄저병 방제력 수립 ... 14
• 제2절 단감 둥근무늬낙엽병 발병예찰 및 경보시스템 구축 ... 28
• 제3절 재배방법에 따른 단감원의 곤충상 변화 연구 ... 33
• 제4 감꽃차의 생리활성 기능분석 ... 44
• 제 4 장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 59
• 1절 : 목표대비 달성도 ... 59
• 2절 : 정량적 성과(논문게재, 특허출원, 기타)를 기술 ... 60
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 61
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 62
• 제 7 장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 62
• 제 8 장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 62
• 제 9 장 참고문헌 ... 63
• 주요 결과 요약서 ... 68
• 끝페이지 ... 70