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Kafe 바로가기주관연구기관 | 가천대학교 Gachon University |
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보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 | 한국어 |
발행년월 | 2015-06 |
과제시작연도 | 2014 |
주관부처 | 국민안전처 Ministry of Public Safety and Security |
등록번호 | TRKO201600011219 |
과제고유번호 | 1741000037 |
사업명 | 차세대핵심소방안전기술개발 |
DB 구축일자 | 2016-11-19 |
키워드 | 인텔리전트 빌딩.화재 확산지연 알고리즘.재실자 위치정보.배연창.배연구.개폐장치. |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600011219 |
- 연구목적
○ 지능형 화재 확산지연 시스템 구축
○ 건축물의 통합시스템과 연동된 화재확산지연 알고리즘 개발
○ 인텔리전트 빌딩의 통합시스템과 연계된 지능형 화재·연기 확산지연 시스템 개발
- 연구내용
<1차년도>
○ (초)고층 건축물 대상의 인텔리전트 시스템 방식조사
○ 건물 내 화재하중 유형별 화재실에서의 화재 상승 속도 도출
○ 인텔리전트 빌딩의 건물 내 피난성능 유형 조사
○ 인텔리전트 빌딩 내 연기확산 특성 평가 및 분석
○ 건축설비의 온도 측정시스템 활용 가능성
- 연구목적
○ 지능형 화재 확산지연 시스템 구축
○ 건축물의 통합시스템과 연동된 화재확산지연 알고리즘 개발
○ 인텔리전트 빌딩의 통합시스템과 연계된 지능형 화재·연기 확산지연 시스템 개발
- 연구내용
<1차년도>
○ (초)고층 건축물 대상의 인텔리전트 시스템 방식조사
○ 건물 내 화재하중 유형별 화재실에서의 화재 상승 속도 도출
○ 인텔리전트 빌딩의 건물 내 피난성능 유형 조사
○ 인텔리전트 빌딩 내 연기확산 특성 평가 및 분석
○ 건축설비의 온도 측정시스템 활용 가능성 조사
○ 배연창, 배연구 개폐를 통한 화재·연기 확산 지연 알고리즘 개발
<2차년도>
○ 재실자 유무에 따른 배연창, 배연구 개폐판정 기준 설정
○ 화재 확산지연 시스템 검증 모델링
○ 화재 확산지연 시스템 개발 및 검증기술 개발
○ 저전력 배연창, 배연구 개폐장치 개발
○ 재실자 유무판단 알고리즘 개발
○ 화재 확산지연 통합 플랫폼 구축
- 기대효과 및 활용방안
○ 인텔리전트 빌딩 시스템 활용에 의한 화재 확산지연 시스템 효율성 극대화
○ (초)고층 건축물에서의 인명피해 예방 및 저감효과 증대
○ 화재 확산지연 시스템 개발로 방재시스템의 설계 및 시공을 위한 화재안전기술 확보
Ⅳ. Conclusions
1. Case studies of intelligent system of building structures
Case studies of intelligent buildings (5 domestics and 2 abroads) were conducted in terms of fire protection systems, HVAC systems,a security systems, and hardware and software for a smoke control system. An integrated
Ⅳ. Conclusions
1. Case studies of intelligent system of building structures
Case studies of intelligent buildings (5 domestics and 2 abroads) were conducted in terms of fire protection systems, HVAC systems,a security systems, and hardware and software for a smoke control system. An integrated system which is able to share the information with each independent system is developed in this study.
2. Derive a development phase for compartmentalized fires in buildings
1) Based on experimental results found in the literature, fire loads are suggested for office facilities, residental facilities, lodging facilities, and retail facilities.
2) The density, distribution and characteristics of combustible materials in the smart building were evaluated and the development phase of fire in the compartment was simplified with based on the literature results relating HRR. The fire growth rate presented in NFPA was specified.
3. Investigate the characteristics of smoke movement in intelligent buildings
A model is proposed that computes the duration of exposure duration to toxic gases and available the egress time in life safety guideline that is associated with a mount of smoke and adescending first indication of smoke layer.
4. Conduct the simulation to estimate the required safe egress time with the neural networks (for three buildings)
1) ASET in a smart building is computed with SIMULEX and neural network. The effects of the design parameters such as volume of compartment and occupant density, and effective width of an exit are evaluated associated with fire safety.
2) The development of a fire mitigation system is needed to reduce the RSET due to the increase of ASET related on the possible fire scenarios in a tall building.
5. Investigate the feasibility to integrate the fire mitigation system with the existing temperature measuring system in buildings .
Thermocouples used in the exiting HVAC are specified to measure the temperature below 150℃ so that it is hard to use thethermocouples under fire condition. an alternative temperature measuring system may be applicable with Temperature resistant materials (max. 650℃) 또는 thermocouples (max. 1200℃).
6. Develope a fire mitigation algorithm based on smoke and heat vent operation schedules
A fire protection system integrating smoke control system and HVAC system is developed (Patent: Fire protection system and methods in intel building and software: Fire protection algorithm)
7. Operation schedule for smoke and heat vents that correlateds with the presence of occupants
1) The fire mitigation system for the possible application in an intelligent buildings consider the fire control facilities and operating schedules.
2) Depending on the fire phase, operation schedule for a smoke control system linked with a HVAC system and a occupant detection system is induced. The related provisions are suggested for the Korea Building Codes and National Fire Safety Codes.
8. Modeling for verification of fire–spread delay system
Analysis has shown that Fire Shutter can show the effects of blocking and limiting the spread of smoke and fire to the entire space by comparting the fire floors, but analysis also has shown that Fire Shutter may lead to a drop in the performance of smokeventilators in some conditions.
◦ It was analyzed that the increase of horizontal ratio rather than vertical ratio of smoke ventilator and the installation of it as close to the ceiling is the most effective in order to improve the smoke ventilation effect of it.
◦ Ventilation flow rate shall be calculated in consideration of the fire load and the heat release rate (HRR) of the Internal combustibles and verification of effectiveness in accordance with the size and system configuration is required.
◦ The effect was maximized through complex interaction when smoke ventilator and smoke control system(air supply and pressurize system) are applied together with.
9. Development of verification technology for the proposed fire mitigation system
1) The actual size fire experiments were performed to confirm the effects of fire mitigation of a smoke and heat vent in a compartment. The characteristic of combustible materials in the intelligent building were considered in the experiment.
2) In the compartment without a smoke damper, the internal temperature was radically increased and followed by the flash over. While, in the compartment with a smoke damper, the fire growth was mitigate with the instant reduction of an internal temperature as the damper activated.
10. Development of an actuator for low-power ventilators and ventilation windows
1) The existing “on-off method” was modified to become a “pulse-wide method” Based on evaluation reports, the electrical energy consuming of the proposed product is less 80% and 55% of that of domestic and foreign product.
2) Electrical energy consumption of 79% can be expected compared to that of foreign products with the improvement of the reduction gear box.
11. Development of an occupant detection algorithm
1) The product confidence levels of the CCTV sensor, RFID sensor, Bluetooth 4.0 Beacon, and PIR sensor are 90%, 50%, 95%, and 95%, respectively.
2) Based on the algorithm developed in that way, it is under patent application in the name of (APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING OCCUPANTS IN BUILDING) currently.
3) To link the algorithm of determining the presence of occupants with fire spreading delay system in the intelligent building, it requires a database connection or a event connection in case ofoccurrence of fire or emergency. We suggest the way of the data driven process and event driven process.
12. Development of an integrated fire suppression platform
1) Analysis of the Building Automation System(BAS) and System Integration
◦ As previously isolated building systems are not true integration, it doesn’t data connection and operates individually.
2) Development the integrated fire suppression platform
◦ At the event of fire, these advances have taken place across a variety of building services including heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) control systems, lighting control systems, access control systems, and fire systems.
◦ Developed Platform includes the occupant detection algorithm and the fire suppression algorithm.
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