초록 ▼

Ⅴ. 연구개발결과
○ 동남아시아 및 중국 동남부지역 적응 수출용 감자품종 육성
- 우량계통 육성 : 연차별로 인공교배, 실생세대 양성 및 생산력검정시험을 실시하여 우량계통들을 선발하였음. 선발된 계통들은 농촌진흥청 주관 감자 신품종개발공동연구 지역적응시험에 공시하여 품종선발을 실시였음
- 1차년도 선발하여 지역적응시험에 공기된 대관2-46호는 2016년 12월 농촌진흥청 신품종 선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선발되어 ‘강선’ (强璇, Gangsun)으로 명명되었으며 2017년 상반기중 국립종자원에 품종출원 예정임
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Ⅴ. 연구개발결과
○ 동남아시아 및 중국 동남부지역 적응 수출용 감자품종 육성
- 우량계통 육성 : 연차별로 인공교배, 실생세대 양성 및 생산력검정시험을 실시하여 우량계통들을 선발하였음. 선발된 계통들은 농촌진흥청 주관 감자 신품종개발공동연구 지역적응시험에 공시하여 품종선발을 실시였음
- 1차년도 선발하여 지역적응시험에 공기된 대관2-46호는 2016년 12월 농촌진흥청 신품종 선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선발되어 ‘강선’ (强璇, Gangsun)으로 명명되었으며 2017년 상반기중 국립종자원에 품종출원 예정임
- 2년차부터 선발된 계통들은 대관2-47호∼대관2-59호 등 13계통이며 2017년 이후 연차적으로 신품종 선정위원회에 제출하고자 함
- 현지적응성 검정은 베트남 위주로 실시되었으며, 1-2년차에는 지역적응시험 공시계통과 품종 위주로 실시되었으나, 3-4년차에는 생검예비, 생검본시험 공시계통 등 조기선발을 목표로 실시하여 고운, 은선, 금선 등 적응성이 우수한 품종 선발
- 동남아시아 기상조건과 유사한 제주에서 저온단일적응성을 검정하여 ‘강선’ 품종 선발에 기여하였고, 아열대·열대 지역에 만연한 풋마름병 저항성을 검토하여 3계통을 선발하였음

○ 중국(북방지역) 및 중앙아시아 지역적응 수출용 감자품종 육성
- 우량계통 육성 : 초기에는 국내에서 실시하였으나 3년차부터는 수출대상국 현지에서 선발을 실시함으로써 생산력검정본시험에서 11계통을 선발하였음
- 중앙아시아 사막기후 지역에 적합한 내염성, 내서성 계통 선발을 위한 기초기술을 개발하였고, 신품종 육성에 활용하고 있음
- 몽골, 중국 북부, 우즈베키스탄, 카자흐스탄 등에서 현지적응성을 검정하여 현지 적응 품종을 선발하고 있음

○ 수출용 감자품종육성을 위한 유전자원 수집, 평가 및 육종소재 개발
- 수출대상국의 주요 재배품종, 선진국의 신품종을 수집하였고, 근연야생종을 이용하여 유전자원을 개발하여 총 180품종을 확보하였고 112점을 생물자원으로 등록
- 더뎅이병, 풋마름병 등 저항성 유전자원을 개발하여 1, 2세부프로젝트에 교배용 자원으로 제공하였으며, 수출용 씨감자를 생산하는 기업체에 현지 품종의 무병주를 제공하였음
- 품종보호 및 구별을 위한 DNA 마커를 특허출원

○ 수출용 감자품종육성 효율증진을 위한 분자표지인자 및 유용유전자 개발
- 유용유전자 개발을 위하여 Solanum nigrum 등 근연야생종 유전자원의 특성을 분석하고 역병 등 저항성 유전자원 개발을 추진
- 역병, 더뎅이병, 풋마름병 저항성 유전자원을 육성하기 위하여 유전집단 양성 및 평가

(출처 : 요약문 p.3)

Abstract ▼

This project was planed to breeding of potato varieties for export to developing countries. So the project was consisted of four sub-project. First sub-project was breeding of potato varieties for export to Southeast Asia and southern China. Second was breeding of potato varieties for export to Nort

This project was planed to breeding of potato varieties for export to developing countries. So the project was consisted of four sub-project. First sub-project was breeding of potato varieties for export to Southeast Asia and southern China. Second was breeding of potato varieties for export to North China and sentral Asia. Third was collection, evaluation and development of potato germplasm and fourth was improvement of new efficient potato breeding method by DNA marker.

The first sub-project had been performed in Highland agriculture research institute (HARI) from 2003 to 2016. The purpose of this sub project was breeding of new potato varieties with short dormancy, late blight and bacterial wilt resistance for Southeast Asia export. Also new chip processing varieties was implied in this sub-project’s purpose.

Southeast Asia is tropical or subtropical areas so farmers cultivated potato in winter season. Seed potatoes have been imported from China or European countries, but seed potato from China have been very low seed quality and European seed potato have been very expensive. There have produced potato processed goods by Korean company in Vietnam ann China. They have processed potato chip and flakes with cv. Atlantic, it has been very good cultivar for potato chip but it is very susceptible to PVY and physiological disorders such as hollow heart, internal heat necrosis and cracking. So we want to breed new potato varieties with good processing quality for Korean company and also table stock potatoes for Southeast Asian farmers and consumers with resistance to late blight and bacterial wilt.

The potato breeding was started from crossing with some good potato varieties and succeed by selection of advanced lines. Advanced lines were selected two times a year, spring and autumn season. Selected lines were advanced to preliminary yield trials in Gangneung field. Preliminary yield test tested 2 times a year spring and autumn. Selected lines were planted in screen house and harvested in mid June. Harvested lines were broken dormancy and replanted in mid August. Finally potato lines were harvested in early November and evaluated some characteristics such as yield, chip quality, specific gravity, internal physiological disorder and scab resistance. Yield test also conducted in Gangneung same method. Selected lines from yield test were tested in regional adaptation test.

Eventually 14 promising lines were selected in this research. The selected promising lines were Daekwan 2-46 in first year, Daekwan 2-47∼50 in second year, 2-51∼55 in third year and 2-56∼59 in fourth year. Also some promising lines were evaluated for adaptability to low temperature and short day condition from October to February in Jeju Island. Also they are checked of resistance to bacterial wilt in spring season or autumn season in Jehu island. Some promising lines and varieties have been tested in Vietnam.

New potato variety Gangsun was bred for export to Southeast Aisa in 2016. some varieties also selected for chipping potato in Southeast Asia and they will screened in China and other countries of South Asia from 2017.

Second sub-project was conducted to develop new potato cultivars adapted to the North China and the Central Asia for an export to overseas. These areas have different environmental factors from Korea. In these areas, high temperature and high salinity and strong ultraviolet ray have been becoming the main abiotic stresses constraining the stable production of potato. Therefore, firstly, we determined the usefulness of the diverse evaluation method on environmental stress resistance. Secondly, we investigated the adaptability and the agricultural characteristics of Korean potato cultivars at the test fields located in the North China and Mongolia and the Central Asia. And thirdly, we have developed new potato lines through artificial crossing and selected excellent lines to agricultural characteristics.

There were the similar trends between the evaluation result through salinity soil cultivation and the ones of the electrolyte leakage bioassay(ELB) and the in-vitro evaluation using single node of plantlet. In the case of the generation first step(G1) and the generation second step(G2), it could be useful to the selection using ELB evaluation method because of many plantlets. The in-vitro evaluation using single node could be a proper method at field test or yield evaluation steps, which be also helpful to propagation of virus free plantlets.

Most Korean cultivars showed no good growth and lower yields than the control cultivars mainly cultivated in abroad such as the North China and the Central Asia. It was because the growth of the Korean cultivars were severely restricted by the environmental stresses such as long day length, high temperature, strong violet rays, drought, and high salinity.

In Mongolia, early maturity and yellow color in flesh and skin have been very important characteristics. In North China, high yield, high starch for processing, and late blight resistance have been needed. Meanwhile, in Central Asia, it has been needed to the resistances against the environmental stresses such as high temperature and high salinity.

Through an artificial crossing using materials of abiotic stress resistance and high starch and yellow color, we obtained 1,248 fruits and 107,000 true potato seeds at 163 cross combination. We selected about 15,000 lines from 100,000 seeds as G1 and 2,000 lines as G2 and 168 lines as G3. And also, we developed three potato lines adapted to Mongolia and seven lines to North China and six lines to Central Asia which have the characteristics of high yield, high qualities, and good yellowness. These prosperous potato lines will be offered as the GSP’s materials for the development of new potato cultivars and for an export of them.

Third sub-project was carried out to collect and evaluate potato germplasm and also to develop breeding lines to disease resistance used for new variety development. We collected 180 potato accessions that were mainly cultivated in Vietnam, Mongolia, Peru, USA, Europe, and among them 112 accessions were registered in National Agrodiversity GenBank in Korea. We also collected wild potato relatives form USDA to identify new breeding materials and propagated as in-vitro plants. The collected potato germplasm were transferred to other project to breeding, disease resistance test material and seed potato production for export. We also evaluated not only agricultural characteristics but also genetic character with molecular techniques such as SNP(single nulcelotide plolymorphism) againgst potato germplasm. A total of 24 potato germplasm collected from Europe were propagated and investigated in Highland Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) from 2015 to 2016. As a results, European potato cultivars were very susceptible to common scab disease and they had some physiological disorder such as secondary growth, cracking. The yield and dry matter were similar that of Korean cultivars but cv. Marijke had highest dry matter content, 23%. We also tested late blight resistance with potato wild relatives. A total of 199 individual from 18 species was evaluated with Korean isolate of phytophtora infestans and we selected 34 plants from 3 wild species, S. demisum, S. acaule, S. cardiophyllum. The genetic diversity of Korean cultivars bred by HARI for export were analyzed with 8K potato SNP chip. We developed 5 SNP markers that could be used for 16 potato cultivar identification. To obtain basic information of anthocyain accumulation mechanism, we analyzed three different color potato, white, red, and violet with transcriptome and metabolome. We found 5 major metabolite and 4 gene expression cluster might control anthocyanin accumulation. And these results will be very useful to bred export promising potato clones with high functionality. We also tried to develop breeding materials, haploid and disease resistant. To make haploid form cultivated potato (tetraploid), we made cross between elite lines and Solanum phurea (PAU 1.22) and investigated ploid level with flow cytometry but all of them were not haploid. We developed 22 late blight resistant lines from S. demisum. And 12 lines were analyzed agricultural characteristics in HARI on 2016. Most of them were extremely late maturity, therefore they were low yield compared that of susceptible variety, Atlantic. These lines should be improved by backcross with elite lines. To bred common scab disease resistance, we evaluated 83 lines in the severely contaminated with common scab disease field. We could select 10 lines highly resistant to common sacb and we also investigated agricultural characteristics and 4 lines were selected with high yield, dry matter, chip quality and low physiological disorders. We tested common scab disease resistance gene inheritane with backcross population, we assumed that the resistance was controlled by one recessive gene. We developed 14 bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacease resistant breeding lines form S. commersonii. These lines were originated from protoplast fusion between S. tuberosum and S. commersonii. Among them, 4 lines were also shown late blight resistance. These breeding lines will be used as parent lines to make potato cultivar for exporting.

Fourth sub-project were conducted to generate breeding lines and populations and to develop molecular markers for potato breeding. In total, 22 Solanum species including 230 lines were provided by Highland Agriculture Research Institute, South Korea and 11 different lines of S. nigrum were collected at Daegu and Gyeongbuk, South Korea. With these, late blight resistance, drought tolerance, heat tolerance and salinity tolerance were investigated. There were a lot of variation among the species and within species. Based on the results, several lines of Solanum species were selected and could be applied to potato breeding. Of these, one of the S. nigrum lines and the S. berthaultii lines were used to identify chloroplast genome sequences. The sequences were compared with those of other Solanaceae crops and molecular markers such as InDel or SNP markers were developed to discriminate certain Solanum species. In addition to these, several populations were generated for genetic analysis of late blight, common scab and bacterial wilt resistance. F1 and BC1 populations were generated for late blight resistance with S. demissum. Their phenotypes were determined and the phenotypic data revealed that the resistance could be controlled by single gene. Although several molecular markers derived from reported resistance genes or resistance gene-linked markers were screened, they were not linked to the resistance gene in the population. Resistance gene homology was also screened with the cloned genes in the wild species and 15 candidates originating from R3a, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-ch4 or Rpi-vnt were selected in four different wild species. For common scab resistance, F1 and BC1 populations were generated with two varieties, Haryeong and Seohong and their phenotypes were evaluated in the potato cultivated field for two years.

There were phenotypic variation in the populations and the resistance was quantitatively inherited. To develop molecular markers linked to the resistance, AFLP or SSR based –bulked segregant analysis and SNP analysis were performed. A few candidate markers were selected to be linked to the resistance, but the identification of them were still ongoing. For bacterial wilt resistance, SH, BC1, BC2 and BC3 populations where the resistance derived from S. commersonii were generated and their phenotypes were evaluated. There were phenotypic variation in the populations. To develop molecular markers linked to the resistance, AFLP or SSR based – bulked segregant analysis were performed and genome-based SNP and InDel were also investigated. A few candidate markers were selected to be linked to the resistance, but the identification of them were still ongoing. Futhermore, the establishment of assay systems for easy and quick evaluation of common scab and bacterial wilt resistant phenotypes were investigated due to their importance for genetic analysis. Thaxtomin A were used for common scab resistance in vitro and pot inoculation method with in vitro derived plants were used for bacterial wilt resistance.

(출처 : SUMMARY p.6)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요 약 문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 6
• CONTENTS ... 10
• 목차 ... 11
• 제 1 장 프로젝트의 개요 및 성과목표 ... 13
• 제1절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 13
• 제2절 연구개발의 목적 ... 13
• 제3절 연구개발의 범위 및 내용 ... 14
• 제 4 절 성과목표 ... 15
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 17
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 20
• 제1절 연차별 연구개발 수행내용 ... 20
• 제2절 연구결과 ... 27
• <1세부프로젝트> 동남아시아 및 중국 동남부지역 적응 수출용 감자 품종 육성 ... 27
• <제2세부프로젝트> 중국 (북방지역) 및 중앙아시아 지역 적응 수출용 감자 품종 육성 ... 79
• <제3세부프로젝트> 수출용 감자 품종육성을 위한 유전자원 수집, 평가 및 육종소재 개발 ... 102
• <제4세부프로젝트> 수출용 감자 품종육성 효율 증진을 위한 분자표지 및 유용 유전자 개발 ... 132
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 169
• 제 5 장 연구개발 성과 및 성과활용 계획 ... 171
• 제1절 수출용 우량계통 육성 및 거점 기반 구축 ... 171
• 1. 동남아시아 및 중국 동남부지역 수출용 우량품종 육성 ... 171
• 2. 중앙아시아 및 중국 북방지역 수출용 우량계통 육성 ... 173
• 3. 유전자원 수집 및 보존 ... 175
• 제2절 주요 학술성과 및 활용계획 ... 181
• 제 3절 산업재산권 출원 ... 183
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 184
• 제 1 절 주요 국제연구기관 및 학회 활동정보 ... 184
• 제 2절 주요 국가별 감자 생산 및 연구관련 현황 ... 190
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 215
• 첨부. 특허, 논문 및 시장분석보고서 ... 224
• 끝페이지 ... 228