초록 ▼

I. 서 론

환경정책기본법 제 15조(환경상태의 조사․평가 등)에 따라 퇴적물 환경질을 평가하고 보전정책수립을 위한 기초 자료 확보를 위해 2011년 시작된 하천․호소 퇴적물 측정망은 2013년 현재 하천 144지점을 대상으로 수행되고 있다(Table 1).
2014년 모니터링 지점이 호소로 확장되며 이와 함께 하천 퇴적물에서는 측정하지 않았던 미량유기화합물(PCBs, PAHs, OCPs, VOCs) 등이 호소 퇴적물에서 측정항목으로 추가될 예정이다. 따라서 미량유기화합물 분석 기반 구축, 20여 항목에 대한 측정

I. 서 론

환경정책기본법 제 15조(환경상태의 조사․평가 등)에 따라 퇴적물 환경질을 평가하고 보전정책수립을 위한 기초 자료 확보를 위해 2011년 시작된 하천․호소 퇴적물 측정망은 2013년 현재 하천 144지점을 대상으로 수행되고 있다(Table 1).
2014년 모니터링 지점이 호소로 확장되며 이와 함께 하천 퇴적물에서는 측정하지 않았던 미량유기화합물(PCBs, PAHs, OCPs, VOCs) 등이 호소 퇴적물에서 측정항목으로 추가될 예정이다. 따라서 미량유기화합물 분석 기반 구축, 20여 항목에 대한 측정 결과를 바탕으로 퇴적물 환경질을 평가하는 방법이 필요한 시점이다.

국내적으로 퇴적물 평가는 하천·호소 퇴적물 측정망이 시작된 2011년부터 화학적 오염 현황 평가가 부분적으로 시행되어 왔고 2012년 전국적으로 하천 지점 구축이 완료되면서 경년변화를 평가할 수 있는 기반이 마련되었다. 그러나 퇴적물은 오염물질이기 이전에 수생생물에게 먹이와 서식처로서 주요한 환경 매질이므로 물환경과 생태계 구성요소적인 측면까지 종합적으로 평가하는 체계가 필요하다.

이를 위해 본 연구 사업을 통해 저서 생태독성, 퇴적물이 수질에 미치는 영향과 관련된 평가 방법 체계화 연구뿐만 아니라 제도화를 목표로 연차적으로 연구를 수행하여 왔다.
(출처:본문 I. 서론 p.12)

Abstract ▼

In order to develop a framework of integrative assessment using multiple lines of evidences, we firstly prepared the analytical methods for micro organic compounds(PCBs, PAHs, OCPs) and proposed the determination criteria whether a site is chemically contaminated. Next a tiered approach where acute

In order to develop a framework of integrative assessment using multiple lines of evidences, we firstly prepared the analytical methods for micro organic compounds(PCBs, PAHs, OCPs) and proposed the determination criteria whether a site is chemically contaminated. Next a tiered approach where acute toxity test for whole sediment follow chemical monitoring was suggested to make conclusive determination of contamination. Finally, we presented assessment framework to categorize contamination of freshwater sediment based on both chemistry and toxicity.

Firstly, in an effort of pursuing efficiency and systemization, we established a semi-automated analytical procedures for PCBs, PAHs, and OCPs as followed:
- Micro organic pollutants are extracted simultaneously from dried and pulverized sediment into acetone and hexane mixture(1:1) using Accelerated Solvent Extractor;

- One aliquot for PCBs of an extract is cleaned up through a column filled with sulfuric acid treated silica gel and activated silica gel, and the other aliquot for PAHs and OCPs through a column with activated silica gel;

- Eluates are concentrated and injected in GC/MS for the quantitation of PCBs, PAHs and OCPs in respective instrument condition.

In addition, recovery test using Certified Reference Material such as NIST 1944 was performed to demonstrate capability of the method as described above and its results were presented as benchmarks.

Secondly, to combine the results of multiple parameters measured at a site, we propose the following conditions as criteria for determining whether a site is chemically contaminated :
- The concentration of one or more analytes exceeds their respective Sediment Quality Guidelines(SQGs) by a factor of two or more in any sediment sample;

- The 90th percentile concentration of one or more pollutants equals or exceeds their respective SQGs

- The mean SQI(Sediment Quality Index: concentration/SQG value) for the contaminant mixture in any sediment sample equals or exceeds 2.0, or;

- The 90th percentile mean SQI for the contaminant mixture equals or exceeds 1.0.

Thirdly, necessity of toxicity test in sediment quality assessment framework was reviewed because they integrate the chemically-mediated effects of multiple contaminants and provide an empirical assessment of bioavailability. Considering the current condition of technical capacity and cost efficiency, we recommend a tiered approach for detailed assessment as follows:
- Chemical monitoring is carried as a screening level assessment of sediment quality by general sediment laboratories;

- Toxity test for whole sediment only in a probably contaminated site follows to chemical monitoring by specialized contract laboratory.

- Conclude contamination of each site in according to the classification framework.

Benthic Amphipod(Hyallelar azteca, Gammarus sobaegensis) and Chironomida lava(Chironomos spp.) can be used for freshwater bioassay because their standardized test procedures were established and have been applied for developing freshwater sediment quality guidelines in Korea. Among them, H.azteca sediment 10-day(acute) survival test is highly recommended for confirmatory test of sediment contamination. Classification with the results of toxicity test into low or moderate toxic was based on a threshold equal to the 90th percentile of the responses(survival rate) in samples that were statistically significant from the control. The threshold defining toxicity was the 75th percentile of responses(survival) in samples that were statistically significant from the control.

Finally, to integrate the results of chemical monitoring and additional toxicity testing of sediment the quantitative framework and classification criteria were suggested. The final data integration step combines the severity of chemical pollution and potential for chemically-mediated effects to assign a site into one of four pollution categories:
- Unpolluted. Confident that contamination is not causing adverse impacts to aquatic life living in the sediment at the site.

- Possibly polluted. Contamination at the site may be causing adverse impacts to aquatic life in the sediment, but the level of impact is either small or uncertain because of disagreement among line of evidences.

- Polluted. Evidence of contaminant related impacts to aquatic life in the sediment is persuasive, in spite of some disagreement among line of evidences.

※ Disagreement among the line of evidences suggests that either the data are suspect or additional information is needed before a classification can be made.

- Severely Polluted. Sediment contamination at the site is causing clear and severe adverse impacts to aquatic life in the sediment.

(출처 : Abstract 8p)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 목차 ... 2
• 표목차 ... 4
• 그림목차 ... 6
• Abstract ... 8
• Ⅰ. 서 론 ... 12
• Ⅱ. 연구내용 및 방법 ... 14
• 1. 담수 퇴적물 미량유기화합물 분석 기반 구축 ... 14
• 가. 분석절차 ... 14
• 나. 회수율 및 정량한계 ... 15
• 2. 퇴적물 기준 및 지침값 초과 여부 판정 방법 ... 19
• 3. 퇴적물 정밀 평가 기반 구축 ... 19
• 4. 퇴적물 평가 부문별 다중 평가 방안 ... 19
• Ⅲ. 연구결과 ... 20
• 1. 담수 퇴적물 미량유기화합물 분석 기반 구축 ... 20
• 가. 분석절차 ... 20
• 나. 회수율 및 정량한계 ... 30
• 2. 퇴적물 기준 및 지침값 초과 여부 판정 방법 ... 38
• 3. 퇴적물 정밀 평가 기반 구축 ... 41
• 4. 퇴적물 평가 부문별 다중 평가 방안 ... 46
• Ⅳ. 결 론 ... 48
• 1. 결 론 ... 48
• 가. 담수 퇴적물 미량유기화합물 분석 기반 구축 ... 48
• 나. 퇴적물 기준 및 지침값 초과 여부 판정 방법 ... 49
• 다. 퇴적물의 정밀 평가 기반 구축 ... 49
• 라. 퇴적물 평가 부문별 다중 평가 방안 ... 49
• 2. 활용 ... 50
• 참 고 문 헌 ... 51
• 끝페이지 ... 53