[보고서]방사선 기술을 이용한 새로운 친환경 기능성 실크소재의 개발

조동환

방사선 기술을 이용한 새로운 친환경 기능성 실크소재의 개발
Development of novel environmentally-friendly functional silk materials using radiation technology 원문보기

보고서 정보
주관연구기관	금오공과대학교 Kumoh National Institute of Technology
연구책임자	조동환
참여연구자	권오형 , 박원호
보고서유형	1단계보고서
발행국가	대한민국
언어	한국어
발행년월	2015-07
과제시작연도	2014
주관부처	미래창조과학부 Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
과제관리전문기관	한국연구재단 National Research Foundation of Korea
등록번호	TRKO201700009313
과제고유번호	1711013780
사업명	방사선기술개발사업
DB 구축일자	2017-11-04
키워드	방사선기술.방사선 표면개질.실크기반 바이오소재.바이오복합소재.수화젤.차폐막.다공성 3D 지지체.radiation technology.radiation surface modification.silk-based biomaterials.biocomposites.hydrogel.Guided tissue regeneration.porous 3D scaffolds.
DOI	https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201700009313

초록 ▼

1. 방사선기술을 이용한 random형 실크피브로인섬유강화 PBS 매트릭스 바이오복합소재 제조기술 및 특성평가기술 구축
2. 방사선기술을 이용한 2D 실크피브로인 기반 PLA 및 나노섬유웹/PBS 바이오복합소재 제조기술 및 특성평가기술 구축
3. 방사선기술을 이용한 연속성 실크피브로인섬유를 이용한 고성능 UD 실크피브로인섬유강화 PBS 및 PLA 매트릭스 바이오복합소재 제조기술 및 특성향상기술 구축
4. 방사선 기술을 이용한 나노섬유의 제조 조건 및 불용화 처리조건 구축
5. 방사선 기술을 이용한 실크 피브로인 나노 섬유형 차폐막의 개발
6. 방사선 기술을 이용한 유연성을 갖는 실크 피브로인 블렌드 필름형 유착방지막 개발
7. 방사선 기술을 이용한 실크 피브로인 수화젤 및 다공성 3-D 지지체의 젤화시간, 물성 제어 및 제조기술 확립
8. 방사선 기술을 이용한 실크 피브로인/하이드록시아파타이트 복합 지지체의 제조기술 확립
9. 방사선 기술을 이용한 실크 피브로인 수화젤 및 다공성 3-D 복합 지지체의 세포친화성 규명
(출처: 보고서 요약서 3p)

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Result of project
1) Unidirectional(UD) silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposite material exhibited the best enhancement effect on the dimensional stability at 50 kGy. UD silk fibroin/PBS and the UD silk fibroin/PLA biocomposites with PBS and PLA matrices irradiated at 50 kGy exbhibed the most improved properties due to the enhanced efficiency of cross-linking between the TAIC with a biodegradable polymer in the presence of electron beam. Nonwoven-type biocomposites with electrospun silk fibroin nanofiber webs treated at a very low energy radiation of 5 kGy showed the best thermal and mechanical properties. The results revealed that radiation technology obviously contributes to improving the properties of silk fibroin-based biodegradable polymer matrix biocomposites with random-type, 2D-type, UD-type, and nonwoven-type silk fibroin reinforcements.
2) Silk nanofibers showed an equivalent cell proliferation and cell growth behavior in the TCPS. Therefore, silk nanofibers excellent biocompatibility. Silk fibroin nanofibers plasma-treated with CF4 gas was the surface of the hydrophobic cell proliferation was inhibited. The SF/PLGA film blend has a form of random coil. However, after the chemical treatment with the water vapor it has been transferred to the structure of the β-sheet. In addition, it is possible to control the mechanical properties and the biodegradation period by an electron beam process.
3) Upon gamma irradiation, hydrogel was formed regardless of the gamma-ray irradiation conditions. The SF solution was compared to the gamma-irradiated hydrogel. The irradiation method had no effect on the secondary structure transition in the silk fibroin. It was confirmed that the hydrogel is formed through chemical crosslinking. The compressive strength of the aqueous solution at different concentrations was measured. As a result, as the dose increased the concentration of the solution increased and the compressive strength of the hydrogel increased. Also, the hydrogel formation by chemical crosslinking showed the potential as tissue engineering scaffolds, which have good cell compatibility, compared to that by physical crosslinking.
(출처: Summary 10p)

목차 Contents

표지 ... 1제출문 ... 2보고서 요약서 ... 3요약문 ... 4SUMMARY ... 8CONTENTS ... 12목차 ... 25제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 38 1절 연구개발의 목적 ... 38 2절 연구개발의 필요성 및 범위 ... 38 1. 연구개발대상 기술의 경제적·산업적 중요성 및 연구개발의 필요성 ... 38제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 47 1절 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 47 1. 방사선기술 이용 현황 ... 47 2. 친환경 천연섬유 기반 바이오복합재료 연구 현황 ... 48 3. 친환경 실크 기반 생체적합성 바이오소재 연구 현황 ... 49 2절 국외 기술개발 현황 ... 50 3절 지금까지의 연구개발 현황 ... 52 1. 국내.외 타연구기관에서 수행한 방사선기술을 이용한 연구개발 내용 ... 52 2. 국내.외 타연구기관에서 수행한 바이오복합재료와 관련한 연구개발 내용 ... 53제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 55 1차 년도 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 55 연구개발 PART I. 방사선기술을 이용한 Silkworm 실크섬유 개질과 생분해성 고분자의 가교를 통한 random형 실크섬유 기반 생분해성 바이오소재의 개발 ... 61 연구개발 PART Ⅱ. 방사선기술을 이용한 silk fibroin 2-D 구조체 제조기술 개발 ... 136 연구개발 PART Ⅲ. 방사선 조사법을 이용한 실크 피브로인 수화젤의 제조 및 특성 평가 ... 180 2차 년도 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 211 연구개발 PART I. 방사선기술을 이용한 woven형 및 nonwoven형 실크섬유 기반 바이오복합소재의 개발 ... 216 연구개발 PART II. 방사선기술을 이용한 유연성을 갖는 실크 피브로인 블렌드 필름형 유착방지막 개발 ... 263 연구개발 PART III. 방사선기술을 이용한 실크 피브로인 다공성 3-D 지지체의 제조 ... 318 3차 년도 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 364 연구개발 PART I. 방사선 기술을 이용한 연속성 실크섬유 기반 고성능 바이오복합소재 개발 ... 369 연구개발 PART II. 방사선기술을 이용한 실크 피브로인 블렌드 필름의 개질 및 필름형 유착방지막 개발 ... 426 연구개발 PART III. 방사선기술을 이용한 실크 피브로인 다공성 3-D 지지체의 제조 ... 489제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 567 1절 연구개발의 최종목표 ... 567 2절 연도별 연구개발의 목표 및 내용 ... 567 3절 연도별 평가착안점 및 달성도 ... 570 4절 관련분야의 기술발전에의 기여도 ... 571 1. 기술적 측면 ... 571 2. 경제적.산업적 측면 ... 571제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 573제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 574제7장 참고문헌 ... 577끝페이지 ... 581

표/그림 (296)

표 실크섬유 및 여러 가지 식물성 천연섬유와 유리섬유의 특성 비교
표 Structure of raw silk (S: sericin, F: fibroin).
표 Chemical structure of silk fibroin fiber.
표 Chemical structure of poly(butylene succinate).
표 Life cycle of biocomposites with natural fibers and their reduction of carbon dioxide in nature. of carbon dioxide in nature.
표 Illustration of a electron beam irradiation system.
표 Chemical structure and digital images of materials.
표 Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure for making a PBS microdroplet around the single natural fiber surface.
표 Fabrication process of silk/PBS pellet by extrusion technique.
표 Injection molding process for silk/PBS biocomposite.
표 Fabrication procedure of worm silk/PBS biocomposite and silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites by a compression molding method. fibroin/PBS biocomposites by a compression molding method.
표 Fabrication process of TAIC/PBS pellet by extrusion technique.
표 Compression molding process for TAIC/PBS films.
표 A digital image of electron beam irradiation facility.
표 Schematic of electron beam process used in the present work.
표 Schematic illustration of a single fiber microbonding test using a single natural fiber embedded in the PBS microdroplet.
표 Comparisons of the IFSS values of silk fibroin fiber/PBS biocomposites.
표 Comparisons of tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break of silk fibroin fibers.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of silk fibroin fibers.
표 Peak areas of Amide?-?, and Amide? to Amide? of silk fibroin at different irradiation doses
표 Variations of the thermal expansion of silk fibroin fibers depending on the absorption dose.
표 TGA traces measured silk fibroin fibers irradiated at various absorption doses.
표 SEM micrographs of silk fibroin fibers irradiated at various absorption doses: (A) 0 kGy, (B) 5 kGy, (C) 10 kGy, (D) 20 kGy, (E) 30 kGy, (F) 50 kGy, (G) 100 kGy.
표 Coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) measured with neat PBS and various silk/PBS biocomposites with silk irradiated at different absorption doses
표 Variations of the thermal expansion of neat PBS and various silk/PBS biocomposites depending on the absorption dose.
표 TGA traces measured with neat PBS and various silk/PBS biocomposites with silk fibers irradiated at various absorption doses.
표 Variations of storage modulus of neat PBS and various silk/PBS biocomposites depending on the absorption dose.
표 Flexural strength and modulus of neat PBS and various silk/PBS biocomposites depending on the absorption dose.
표 SEM micrographs of neat PBS and silk/PBS biocomposites reinforced with silk fibers irradiated at various absorption doses: (A) neat PBS, (B) 0 kGy, (C) 5 kGy, (D) 10 kGy, (E) 20 kGy, (F) 30 kGy, (G) 50 kGy, (H) 100 kGy.
표 Coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) measured with silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites with silk fibroin irradiated at different absorption doses
표 Variations of the thermal expansion of silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites depending on the absorption dose.
표 TGA traces measured with silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites with silk fibers irradiated at various absorption doses.
표 Variations of storage modulus of silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites depending on the absorption dose.
표 Flexural strength and modulus of silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites depending on the absorption dose.
표 Comparisons of tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break measured for silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites depending on the absorption dose.
표 Variations of the impact strength for silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites reinforced with silk fibers irradiated at various absorption doses.
표 SEM micrographs of silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites reinforced with silk fibers irradiated at various absorption doses: (A) 0 kGy, (B) 5 kGy, (C) 10 kGy, (D) 20 kGy, (E) 30 kGy, (F) 50 kGy, (G) 100 kGy.
표 Water absorption result of silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites reinforced with silk fibers irradiated at various absorption doses.
표 TGA and DTG curves of neat PBS and TAIC/PBS pellets.
$Effect of electron beam irradiation dose on the gel fraction of neat PBS and PBS films.$ 표 Effect of electron beam irradiation dose on the gel fraction of neat PBS and PBS films.
표 TGA and DTG curves for PBS films irradiated at different electron beam irradiation doses.
표 DSC results of neat PBS and electron beam irradiated PBS films.
표 DMA results of neat PBS and electron beam irradiated PBS films; (a) storage modulus curves, (b) storage modulus results at -44℃ and 25℃ .
표 Tensile properties of neat PBS and electron beam irradiated PBS films.
표 Tensile properties of silk/PBS biocomposites according to silk fiber contents.
표 Flexural properties of PBS biocomposites according to silk fiber contents.
표 DMA results of PBS biocomposites according to silk fiber contents; (a) storage modulus curves, (b) storage modulus results at -40℃ and 25℃ .
표 Schematic illustration of the tissue engineering.
표 Manufacturing process of silk fiber.
표 Cross-section of raw silk fiber.
표 Principle of Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR).
표 Schematic illustration describing electrospinning apparatus.
표 Potential applications of nanofibers.
표 Potential applications of nanofibers
표 Principle of plasma treatment.
표 Chemical structure of silk fibroin.
표 Diagram of experimental method.
표 (A) Schematic illustration and (B) photographic image of the electrospinning setup used in this study.
표 Molecular structure of MTT (Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) and their corresponding reaction product (formazan). and their corresponding reaction product (formazan).
표 SEM micrographs of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers as a function of different concentrations; a) 3.5 w/v %, b) 4 w/v %, and c) 5 w/v % SF solution, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers as a function of different flow rates; a) 0.5 ml/h, b) 1 ml/h, and c) 2 ml/h, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers as a function of different electric voltages; a) 10 kv, b) 15 kv, and c) 20 kv, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers as a function of different tip-to-collector distances; a) 8 cm, b) 10 cm, and c) 12 cm, respectively.
표 Fiber diameter distribution of regenerated silk fibroin nanofiber fabricated from 4 w/v% solution.
표 SEM images of regenerated silk fibroin nanofibers prepared from HFIP: a) as-spun, b) water vapor treated, and c) after immerse in water (insoluble).
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of silk fibroin nanofiberbefore and after water vapor treatment.
표 Solid-state 13C NMR spectra of silk fibroin nanofibers before and after water vapor treatment.
표 Water contact angle measurement of a) after water vapor treatment, b) after plasma treatment (20 W, 300 sec), c) after plasma treatment (50 W, 300 sec), and d) after plasma treatment (50 W, 100 sec), respectively.
표 Water contact angle of before and after plasma treatment of each sample
표 ESCA survey scan spectra (a, c) and C1s core level spectra (b,d) of regenerated silk fibroin nanofibers before (a, b) and after (c, d) CF4 plasma treatment.
표 Atomic percent of silk nanofiber before and after CF4 plasma treatment
표 Cell proliferation on various nanofiber sheets.
표 SEM image of cell proliferation.
표 Schematic representation of H-L chain[7].
표 Classification and characteristics of hydrogel according to the type of crosslinking[36].
표 Principle of chemical polymer cross-linking formation.
표 Radioactive decay and relative permeability of radiation.
표 Schematic diagrame of preparation of SF aqueous solution.
표 Schematic diagrame of concentration of SF aqueous solution.
표 Gelation behavior after E-beam irradiated ; (A) effective penetration depth is shallower than sample thickness, (B)effective penetration depth is deeper than sample thickness
표 Gelation behavior at various irradiation dose; (A) 20 kGy irradiated sample of effective penetration depth is shallower than sample thickness, (B) 40 kGy irradiatied sample of effective penetration depth is deeper than sample thickness.
표 ATR-IR sepctra of E-beam irradiated SF solution : (a) silk sponge, (b) 20 kGy, (c) 60 kGy.
표 Formation of hydrogel by gamma-ray irradiation.
표 ATR-IR spectra of SF hydrogel : (a) SF sponge, (b) 20 kGy, (c) 40 kGy, (d) 60 kGy, (e) 80 kGy.
표 NMR spectra of SF hydrogel ; (a) silk sponge, (b) physical hydrogel sponge, (c) chemical hydrogel sponge.
표 Gel strength of hydrogel, effect of the irradiation dose.
표 SEM images of SF hydrogel, effect of the irradiation dose : (a) 20 kGy, (b) 40 kGy, (c) 60 kGy, (d) 80 kGy.
표 Volume and concentration change due to reverse dialysis : (■ ) volume change, (● ) concentration change.
표 Gel strength of hydrogel, effect of the SF solution concentration.
표 SEM images of SF hydrogel, effect of the SF solution concentration: (a) 2.3%, (b) 3.3%, (c) 4.5%, (d) 6.6%.
표 Internal structure of raw worm silk.
표 Chemical structure of silk fibroin component.
표 Synthesis of poly(lactic acid).
표 Chemical structure of poly(butylene succinate).
표 Schematic of an electrospinning apparatus.
표 Illustration of a electron beam irradiation system.
표 Chemical structures and digital images of materials.
표 A digital image of electron beam irradiation facility.
표 Schematic of electron beam process used in the present work.
표 Fabrication procedure of 2-D woven silk fabric/PLA biocomposties by compression molding method.
표 A summary of processing parameters used for electrospinning
표 A digital image of electrospinning in the present work.
표 Compression molding process for nonwoven silk nanofiber web/PBS biocomposite.
표 Schematic illustration of short-beam shear test for a composite laminate.
표 Variations of the thermal expansion of various 2-D woven silk fibroin fabric/PLA biocomposites with silk fabrics at different electron beam absorption doses.
표 Coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) measured with various 2-D silk fibroin fabrics/PLA biocomposites with Silk Fibroin fabrics irradiated at different electron beam absorption doses
표 Variations of storage modulus and tan delta of 2-D woven silk fibroin fabrics/PLA biocomposites with silk fibroin fabrics at different electron beam absorption doses.
표 A comparison of tensile modulus and strength of 2-D woven silk fibroin fabric/PLA biocomposites with silk fibroin fabrics at different electron beam absorption doses.
표 A comparison of flexural modulus and strength of 2-D woven silk fibroin fabric/PLA biocomposites with silk fibroin fabrics at different electron beam absorption doses.
표 A comparison of interlaminar shear strengths of 2-D woven silk fibroin fabric/PLA biocomposites with silk fibroin fabrics at different electron beam absorption doses.
표 A comparison of the impact strength for 2-D woven silk fibroin fabric/PLA biocomposites with silk fibroin fabrics at different electron beam absorption doses.
표 A comparison of the abrasion ratio for 2-D woven silk fibroin fabric/PLA biocomposites with silk fibroin fabrics at different electron beam absorption doses.
표 SEM micrographs of nonwoven silk fibroin nanofiber webs irradiated at various absorption doses : (A) 0 kGy, (B) 5 kGy, (C) 10 kGy, (D) 20 kGy, (E) 30 kGy, and (F) 50 kGy.
표 TGA traces measured with nonwoven silk fibroin nanofiber web/PBS biocomposites with silk nanofiber web at different absorption doses.
표 Schematic illustration of the tissue engineering.
표 Manufacturing process of silk fiber.
표 Cross-section of raw silk fiber.
표 Chemical structure of silk fibroin.
표 Comparison of electron beam and other activation methods
표 Schematic of electron beam process used in the present work.
표 Diagram of experimental method.
표 Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure to fabricate a silk fibroin film using Teflon mold.
표 Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure to fabricate a silk fibroin film using doctor knife.
표 Procedure of in vivo animal test.
표 Classification of adhesion
표 Thickness (mm) of silk fibroin film
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated and untreated 80% SF/PLGA film.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated and untreated 100% SF film.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor untreated 80% SF/PLGA films: a) 0 kGy; b) 100 kGy; c)150 kGy; d) 200 kGy; e) 250 kGy; and f) 300 kGy, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor treated 80% SF/PLGA films: a) 0 kGy; b) 100 kGy; c)150 kGy; d) 200 kGy; e) 250 kGy; and f) 300 kGy, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor untreated 100% SF films: a) 0 kGy; b) 100 kGy; c)150 kGy; d) 200 kGy; e) 250 kGy; and f) 300 kGy, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor treated 100% SF films: a) 0 kGy; b) 100 kGy; c)150 kGy; d) 200 kGy; e) 250 kGy; and f) 300 kGy, respectively.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of 80% SF/PLGA films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated 80% SF/PLGA films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of 100% SF films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated 100% SF films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 Water contact angle measurement of (a) 0 kGy 80% SF/PLGA film; (b) 100 kGy; (c) 150 kGy; (d) 200 kGy; (e) 250 kGy and (F) 300 kGy, respectively.
표 Water contact angle measurement of (a) 0 kGy water vapor treated 80% SF/PLGA film; (b) 100 kGy; (c) 150 kGy; (d) 200 kGy; (e) 250 kGy and (F) 300 kGy, respectively.
표 Water contact angle measurement of (a) 0 kGy 100% SF film; (b) 100 kGy; (c) 150 kGy; (d) 200 kGy; (e) 250 kGy and (F) 300 kGy, respectively.
표 Water contact angle measurement of (a) 0 kGy water vapor treated 100%?SF film; (b) 100 kGy; (c) 150 kGy; (d) 200 kGy; (e) 250 kGy and (F) 300 kGy, respectively.
표 Water contact angles of silk fibroin films irradiated with different electron beam doses
표 Water contact angle of 80% SF film irradiated with different electron beam doses.
표 Results of animal study after applying of the water vapor treated 100% SF film irradiated with 300 kGy.
표 Results of animal study after applying of the 100% SF film irradiated with 300 kGy.
표 Results of animal study after applying of the water vapor treated 80% SF/PLGA film irradiated with 100 kGy.
표 Results of animal study after applying of the 80% SF/PLGA film irradiated with 100 kGy.
표 Comparison of abdominal adhesions (score of abdominal adhesion and number of rats)
표 Histological observation of the abdominal wall treated with no anti-adhesion barrier in 28 days after surgery.
표 Histological observation of the abdominal wall treated with water vapor treated 100% SF film in 28 days after surgery.
표 Histological observation of the abdominal wall treated with 100% SF film in 28 days after surgery.
표 Histological observation of the abdominal wall treated with water vapor treated 80% SF/PLGA filmin 28 days after surgery.
표 Histological observation of the abdominal wall treated with 80% SF/PLGA film in 28 days after surgery.
표 Schematic representation of H-L chain[35].
표 Classification and characteristics of hydrogel according to the type of crosslinking[36].
표 Cross-linking formation of chemical and physical hydrogels.
표 Radioactive decay and relative permeability of radiation.
표 Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of SF hydrogel.
표 Schematic diagram on concentration of SF aqueous solution.
표 Formation of SF hydrogel by various gamma-ray irradiations.
표 Effect of ϓ-ray on amino acid composition of silk fibroin.
표 Effect of SF concentration on water content of SF hydrogel.
표 Effect of SF concentration on state of water of SF hydrogel.
표 (a) Porosity of SF hydrogels with different SF concentarions (at 60 kGy, -80 pre-freezing temp.), (b) Porosity of physical and chemical hydrogels.
표 SEM images of SF hydrogels; (a) SF solution concentration (at 60 kGy, -20 pre-freezing temp.), (b) irradiation dose (at 2.3%, -20 pre-freezing temp.), (c) pre-freezing temp. (at 60 kGy, 7.9 %).
표 ATR-IR spectra of Silk Fibroin hydrogels; (a) regenerated SF sponge, (b) chemical SF hydrogel sponge (60 kGy), (c) physical SF hydrogel sponge (stored at 37℃ ).
표 NMR spectra of SF hydrogels; (a) regenerated SF sponge, (b) chemical SF hydrogel, (c) physical SF hydrogel.
표 Gel compression strength of chemical SF hydrogels; (a) SF concentration(at 60 kGy), (b) irradiation dose (at 2.3% SF solution).
표 Swelling ratio of chemical SF hydrogel at different SF concentrations at 60 kGy irradiatioin; (a) in water, (b) in PBS.
표 FSD spectra of chemical SF hydrogel before and after swelling.
표 Cytotoxicity of chemical SF hydrogel at 60 kGy irradiation.
표 In vitro degradation rate of SF hydrogels; (a) control, (b) 2.3% p-gel, (c) 2.3% c-gel.
표 Effect of pore size on degradation rate of SF hydrogels; (a) -20℃ , (b) -80℃ , (c) -196℃ pre-freezing temperature.
표 Effect of SF concentration on degradation rate of SF hydrogels; (a) -20℃ , (b) -80℃ , (c) -196℃ pre-freezing temperature.
표 SEM images of degraded SF hydrogels; (a-b) 2.3% SF c-gel, (c-f) 2.3% SF p-gel.
표 SEM images of 7.9% SF hydrogel with different degradation times.
표 Internal structure of raw worm silk.
표 Chemical structure of silk fibroin component.
표 Chemical structure of poly(butylene succinate).
표 Synthesis of poly(lactic acid).
표 Thermoplastic towpreg producing device
표 Fabrication of unidirectional thermoplastic prepreg.
표 Radiation characteristics of polymers
표 The materials used in the present work (a: PBS pellets, b: silk fibroin bobbin, c: TAIC).
표 Extrusion processing for producing PBS pellets containing TAIC.
표 Extrusion processing parameters for producing PBS pellets containing TAIC.
표 Process parameters of silk fibroin impregnation with PBS
표 Silk fibroin bundles impregnated with thermoplasitc PBS/TAIC compound by using combined extrusion/pultrusion technique.
표 Fabrication of unidirectional silk fibroin/PBS prepregs.
표 Fabrication of PBS-impregnated silk fibroin prepregs using the towpregs. (a: Machine direction (0° laminar prepreg), b: transverse direction (90° laminar prepreg)
표 Compression molding processing parameters of unidirectional silk fibroin/PBS prepregs.
표 Fabrication of unidirectional silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites.
표 Compression molding processing parameters of unidirectional silk fibroin/PBS biocompoistes.
표 Electron beam processing of unidirectional silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites used in the present work.
표 Electron beam irradiation conditions of unidirectional silk fibroin/PBS biocomposites
표 Schematic illustration of short-beam shear test for a composite laminate.
표 TGA (A) and DTG (B) curves for unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS composites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 TMA curves for unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 CTE values in different temperature regions for unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 HDT values measured for unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Variations of the storage modulus for unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Storage moduli at -25℃ , and 25℃ of unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 tan δ variations for unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Comparisons of S-S curves (A), longitudinal tensile modulus (B) and longitudinal tensile strength (C) of unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Comparisons of longitudinal tensile modulus of unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PLA biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Comparisons of S-S curves (A), transverse tensile modulus (B) and transverse tensile strength (C) of unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Comparisons of the flexural modulus (A) and flexural strength (B) of unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Comparisons of the flexural modulus of unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PLA biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Comparisons of the impact strength of unidirectional silk fibroin/EB-PBS biocomposites with various electron beam absorption doses.
표 Interlaminar shear strength of unidirectional silk fibroin/PLA biocomposites.
표 Various post-operative adhesions of human body.
표 Gel types of anti-adhesion barrier.
표 Membrane types of anti-adhesion barrier.
표 Manufacturing process of silk fiber.
표 Cross section of raw silk fiber.
표 Chemical structure of silk fibroin.
표 Comparison of electron beam and other activation methods
표 Schematic of electron beam irradiation process used in the present work.
표 Photographic image of the solvent casting using a) doctor knife, b)teflon mold.
표 Procedure of in vivo animal test.
표 Classification of adhesion
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated and untreated 80% SF/PLGA film.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated and untreated 90% SF film.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated and untreated 100% SF film.
표 Thickness (mm) of fibroin film
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor untreated 80% SF/PLGA films: a) 0 kGy; b) 50 kGy; c) 100 kGy; d) 150 kGy; e) 200 kGy; f) 250 kGy; g) 300 kGy; e) 350 kGy and f) 400 kGy, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor treated 80% SF/PLGA films: a) 0 kGy; b) 50 kGy; c) 100 kGy; d) 150 kGy; e) 200 kGy; f) 250 kGy; g) 300 kGy; e) 350 kGy and f) 400 kGy, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor untreated 90% SF/PLGA films: a) 0 kGy; b) 50 kGy; c) 100 kGy; d) 150 kGy; e) 200 kGy; f) 250 kGy; g) 300 kGy; e) 350 kGy and f) 400 kGy, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor treated 90% SF/PLGA films: a) 0 kGy; b) 50 kGy; c) 100 kGy; d) 150 kGy; e) 200 kGy; f) 250 kGy; g) 300 kGy; e) 350 kGy and f) 400 kGy, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor untreated 100% SF films: a) 0 kGy; b) 50 kGy; c) 100 kGy; d) 150 kGy; e) 200 kGy; f) 250 kGy; g) 300 kGy; e) 350 kGy and f) 400 kGy, respectively.
표 SEM micrographs of water vapor treated 100% SF films: a) 0 kGy; b) 50 kGy; c) 100 kGy; d) 150 kGy; e) 200 kGy; f) 250 kGy; g) 300 kGy; e) 350 kGy and f) 400 kGy, respectively.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of 80% SF/PLGA films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated 80% SF/PLGA films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of 90% SF/PLGA films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated 90% SF/PLGA films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of 100% SF films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 ATR-FTIR spectra of water vapor treated 100% SF films irradiated with various electron beam doses.
표 Water contact angle measurement of (a) 0 kGy water vapor treated 80% SF/PLGA film.
표 Water contact angle measurement of (a) 0 kGy water vapor treated 100% SF/PLGA film.
표 Water contact angle measurement of water vapor treated 100% SF film
표 Water contact angles of water vapor treated silk fibroin films irradiated with different electron beam doses
표 Water contact angle of water vapor treated SF blend film irradiated with different electron beam doses.
표 Weight loss of electron beam irradiated films.
표 Formazan absorption at 540 nm in MTT assay was expressed as a measure of cell proliferation seeded on each film.
표 The procedure of animal study by using the 80% SF/PLGA film irradiated with 200 kGy.
표 The procedure of animal study by using the 80% SF/PLGA film irradiated with 300 kGy.
표 Comparison of abdominal adhesions (score of abdominal adhesion and number of rats)
표 Histological observation of the abdominal wall treated with no anti-adhesion barrier in 28 days after surgery.
표 Histological observation of the abdominal wall treated with water vapor treated 80% SF film at 200kGy in 28 days after surgery.
표 Histological observation of the abdominal wall treated with water vapor treated 80% SF film at 300kGy in 28 days after surgery.
표 (a) Electron micrograph of partially degummed B. mori silkworm cocoon fiber, in which the two brins of fibroin and the coating of sericins and other proteins postulated to protect toe cocoon against microbes and predators are pointed out, (b) schematic illustration of the composite structure of a cocoon fibers, in which the two brins of fibroin and the coating of sericins and other proteins postulated to protect the cocoon against microbes and predators are pointed out.
표 Schematic representation of silk fibroin(SF) heavy/light chain [2].
표 Cell and tissue applications of SF scaffolds
표 Examples of man-made composite materials based on SF and synthetic polymers
표 A cross-linked hydrogel structure with the mesh size ξ and the average molecular weight between the cross-linking points , respectively.
표 Classification and characteristics of hydrogel according to the type of cross-linking[31].
표 Ionization (a) and excitation (b) of electron by irradiation.
표 Difference of transmittance depth along the various radiation types.
표 Radiation chemistry of polymers: (a) primary processes, (b) secondary reactions (P: polymer, R: radical, M: monomer).
표 Examples of polymeric structures with different responses to radiation.
표 Radioactive decay of 60Co.
표 Layout of typical wet storage ɤ -ray irradiation facility.
표 Scheme of electron beam accelerator.
표 Comparison of irradiation technologies: ɤ -ray, electron beam
표 Scheme on concentration of SF aqueous solution.
표 Preparation procedure of SF hydrogel.
표 Schematic diagram of (a) physically (P-gel) and (b) chemically (C-gel) cross-link hydrogel.
표 Chemical structure of model drugs.
표 Volume and concentration of SF solution prepared by dialysis against PEG solutions.
표 Photographs of SF solution after electron-beam irradiation.
표 Viscosity changes of SF solution after various electron beam irradiation.
표 Formation and gelation times of SF P-gel after electron beam irradiation.
표 Formation and turbidity of SF C-gel after various irradiation dose of ɤ -ray.
표 Amino acid composition of SF before and after ɤ -ray irradiation
표 Effect of various preparation conditions on porosity of SF hydrogels (concentration, pre-freezing temperature, types of cross-link)
$(a) Gel fraction and (b) water content of SF C-gel.$ 표 (a) Gel fraction and (b) water content of SF C-gel.
표 Effect of SF concentration on state of water in SF hydrogels.
표 Photographs of (a) HAP dispersibility in SF solution, (b) SF/HAP hydrogel with low dispersibility, and (c) 2 wt% hyaluronic acid (HA)/HAP solution.
표 SEM images of SF hydrogel; effect of (a) SF solution concentration (at 60 kGy irradiation, -20 pre-freezing temp.), (b) irradiation dose (at 2.3% SF concentration, -20 pre-freezing temp.), and (c) pre-freezing temp. (at 7.9 % SF concentration, 60 kGy irradiation).
표 SEM images of SF hydrogel; effect of HAP concentration on pore size and roughness of SF C-gel (7.9% SF solution, at 60 kGy irradiation, -80 ℃ pre-freezing temp.).
표 ATR-IR spectra of SF solution, C-gel (60 kGy), P-gel (prepared at 37℃ ).
표 NMR spectra of SF solution, C-gel (60 kGy), P-gel (prepared at 37℃ ).
표 XRD of various concentration of SF (a) P-gel (prepared at 37℃ ) and C-gel (60 kGy), (b) SF/HAP composite hydrogel (7.9%, 60 kGy).
표 Compressive strength of SF hydrogel using INSTRON 5848; effect of (a) cross-linking types (P-gel, C-gel), (b) irradiation dose (15-60 kGy), SF concentration (2.3-7.9%), and HAP (1.2%).
표 Compressive strength of SF C-gel using texturemeter; effect of (a) SF concentration (at 60 kGy), (b) irradiation dose (2.3% concentration).
표 Swelling ratio of SF P-gel and C-gel in a different SF concentration at 60 kGy irradiation in water.
표 ATR-IR absorbance spectra of amide I region by Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) of SF C-gel (2.3, 7.9 % concentration) before and after swelling.
표 Vibrational band assignments in the amide I region for B. mori SF
표 Swelling ratio of SF P-gel and C-gel in a different silk fibroin concentration at 60 kGy irradiation in PBS.
표 Enzymatic biodegradation rate of SF hydrogel in protease XIV solution; effect of (a) crystallinity, (b) pore size, and (c) SF concentration.
표 Enzymatic biodegradation behavior of SF C-gel (60 kGy, 7.9% SF concentration).
표 Photographs of model drug loaded SF hydrogels.
표 Loading efficiency of model drugs in SF hydrogels
표 Effect of SF concentration on drug release behavior of model drug loaded SF hydrogels; (a) rhodamine B loaded SF C-gel, (b) fluorescein loaded SF C-gel, (c) rhodamine B loaded SF P-gel, (b) fluorescein loaded SF P-gel.
표 Proliferation of hMSCs on the gamma ray irradiated silk fibroin hydrogel, SF/HAP composite hydrogel and physically crosslinked hydrogels evaluated with MTS assay at 3 days culture. Error bars represent standard deviation from the mean.
표 Scanning electron micrographs of cell-seed hMSCs scaffolds after 14 days of culture.
표 The viability/cytotoxicity staining of cultured cells on the gamma ray irradiated silk fibroin hydrogel, SF/HAP composite hydrogel and physically crosslinked hydrogels were observed at 7 days culture. Live cells were labeled with calcein AM(green) and dead cells were labeled with EthD-1(red). Scale bar represents 200 µ m.

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