Abstract ▼

Results
< 1차년도 >
: Prior to ocular adaptive 3D display design, we developed a lens element that can be driven by an electrowetting method to fabricate a unit micro liquid lens as a basic technology, and implemented a virtual three - dimensional image through graphic software tool. Participatin

Results
< 1차년도 >
: Prior to ocular adaptive 3D display design, we developed a lens element that can be driven by an electrowetting method to fabricate a unit micro liquid lens as a basic technology, and implemented a virtual three - dimensional image through graphic software tool. Participating organizations studied the circuit structure for the high voltage method required for liquid lens operation.

1. Development of Lens Matching Fluid
A. lens manufacturing driven at low voltage by EWOD
B. Study on optimum insulator composition with high dielectric constant
C. Fabrication of glass-based single lens (Diameter : 4mm)
D. 3 by 3 lens array substrate production (Diameter : 4mm)
E. MEMS based study on the formation of side barriers
F. Obtain basic technology for manufacturing lens array by imprinting process
G. Electromagnetic force based lens development
H. Development and production technology of electrowetting floating oil lens (Diameter : 2mm)
I. Development of Electrowetting floating water lens (Diameter : 2mm)

2. Electrowetting based focus variable distance development technology development
A. Conventional method analysis using only one variable lens
B. Development of focus variable system adopted by the method of stereoscopic system
C. Satisfaction factor investigation according to the position of the image adjusted by the focal length

3. Investigation and research on how to generate basic image of pickup part
A. Basic study of Integral Imaging
B. Computer Generated Integral Imaging based concept study
C. Virtual camera technique research
D. Algorithm analysis of Multi-View Rendering method

4. Electrowetting driver development
A. Review possible high voltage processability
B. A study on the configuration for current reduction of high voltage DAC and level shifter
C. Process-related technology review (CMOS 0.35um, 5V/18V)

< 2차년도 >
: We have developed a micro liquid lens array process technology in consideration of the unit microlens process technology and have carried out research to improve the performance of liquid lens drive using electrowetting. In addition, the validity of the performance of the varifocal lens arrays was verified by using Varioptic lens, which is a related liquid lens company, and the pickup algorithm of the image to be displayed was studied. Participants have developed a driver that can drive a liquid lens array in one chip form.

1. Development of microlens array fabrication technology
A. Production of mold for imprinting process (Nickel diameter: 250 um,PDMS diameter: 2 mm)
B. Imprinting roll process study
C. Camber fabrication using a lithography (Diameter : 1mm)
D. Frame material selection (NOA81, PI, SU-8, PDMS)
E. Study of electrode and insulation layer formation
F. Study of oil injection using self-water-oil-dosing technique
G. Research on encapsulation technology (Using UVcuring agent)

2. Micro liquid lens array performance improvement study
A. Study of insulator surface
B. Liquid lens composition study (Dodecane and 0.1wt% SDS aqueous solution)
C. Factor study for high speed operation

3. Effectiveness study of focus variable lens array
A. Fabrication of liquid lens array using Varioptic SA-Arctic316
B. Central Depth Plane(CDP) transformation using focus variable lens array
C.Basic image algorithm study (psedoscopic, orthoscopic imaging)

4. Basic image generation research
A. Research on stereo matching, depth image based rendering and hole filling technique in depth map generation using stereo camera
B. Camera position correlation for image distortion correction is extracted by stereo calibration
C. Rectification progression for distortion correction and center correction between sensor and image
D. Development of left and right image stereo matching technique for depth map generation
E. Inpainting-based hol filling algorithm development

5. High voltage drive circuit structure design
A. Package process selection (COF & COG)
B. Developed a driver board using Varioptic lens and replacement with a one-chip driver board

< 3차년도 >
: The design of the liquid lens array has been completed, and research has been conducted in view of coupling with the display. In order to improve the diopter, a dual structure with a solid lens was adopted, and structure and processing method of lens array for double structure, The participating institute designed and manufactured a 400 channel driver that can drive the manufactured lens array.

1. Study of lens array and display combination
A. Manufacture of a single medium electroweting lens(Ignoring the effect of gravity)
B. Improvement of diopter through dual array structure and minimization of viewing angle loss
C. Study on driving method and condition of electrowetting lens (load : 560nF, Freq : 1KHz)
D. Lens array printing process study
E. Study on automatic liquid injection method by high speed precision dispenser
F. Synchronization study of lens array and display

2. Interface with adjacent lens
A. Inter-pixel interference simulation for moire phenomenon analysis
B. Simulation of pixel density and interference phenomena

3. Study of multi-layer alignment technology
A. Analysis of transparency using ITO and IZO transparent electrodes and Parylene C and analysis of optical loss by two fluids. A patterning study that minimizes the deposition of the portion except the part where the electrowetting phenomenon occurs
B. Patterning of transparent electrode and prevention of short-circuit with driving electrode
C. Gasket configuration to prevent fluid movement between lenses

4. 3D optical panel synchronous graphic engine development software development
A. Generation of elemental image array onsidering the focal length of the array panel and the width of the lens
B. A study on the technique of generating multiple based images by interpolation method using 4 cameras

5. Creation of a depth map of the multi-camera system
A. Building a camera and frame environment using 5 cameras
B. Exposure of acquired image, progress of color correction to control white balance
C. Diffusion-based technique was developed by switching the path-based technique to improve the speed of the hole filling

6. System interface design suitable for high resolution and high speed driving
A. 8bits 2 times transmission method adopted for 10bits DAC data transmission
B. 400 channel configuration driver prototype development
C. Multi-channel IP verification

< 4차년도 >
: We developed a prototype of 5 inch lens array panel and optimized EW material. In addition, we developed high speed multi-3D image display technology and element image array generation technology based on multi-viewpoint system. Participating organizations designed a liquid lens driver and produced a prototype.

1. Solid lens for hybrid configuration
A. Study of Solid Lens Fabrication by Reversal Structure
B. Reversal structure fabrication by UV adhesive molding after forming convex lenticular and convex chambers made of PDMS
C. Study on PMMA solid lens fabrication using hot embossing
D . Un if orm so lid lens p rodu c tion b y ma tc hin g p res su re an d temperature condition

2. Hybrid lens array panel
A. Complementing the drawbacks of conventional liquid lenses by adding solid lenses
B. Higher 3D effect can be achieved by increasing the diopter of the lens and increasing the fill factor

3. Lens array construction material
A. Fabrication of UV adhesive chamber by UV lithography process using Diffuser
B. Study on PMMA chamber fabrication by hot embossing process
C. Easy to assemble and mass production of chamber

4. Integrated lens array drive
A. Production and operation of lens arrays in which the pitch and spacing are calculated so that 3D images can be checked in conjunction with the display
B. Fabrication of lens arrays with 206um and 406um size so that 3 pixels and 6 pixels are composed on one lens
C. As the driving voltage increases, the shape of the lenticular lens array advances in the direction from the concave lens to the convex lens, and a flat shape (0D) appears at a certain voltage (13V)

5. Focal Distance Fast Control
A. The application of the inclined barrier structure reduces the angular variation to achieve the same diopter,
B. The measured operating speed of the lens array is 7.5 mm

6. Variable active lenticular lens
A. Operation of liquid lenticular lens array enables 2D / 3D changeable multi-view display
B. Solving problems at high diopters by patterning the bottom electrode

7. Fabrication of Lens Array Panels with 2mm or less Lens Aperture
A. Fabrication of 2mm aperture lens array panel based on aluminum panel
B. Complete lens array with 2mm aperture, 0.5mm spacing, 20x20 size

8. 5 inch model production
A. Design of nickel mold and design of chamber for 5 inch grade panel production
B . A 5-inch liquid lenticular array is under construction through a manufactured 5-inch PMMA chamber

9. Optimization of EW constituent insulating thin films
A. Breakdown voltage reduction by multilayer structure
B. PDVB insulation film 800 nm deposition through iCVD
C. The contact angle measurement showed an operating voltage within 20V and the operating voltage of the fabricated lens array was also low to 17V

10. Optimization of EW solution sealing
A. Manufactured PDMS gasket using aluminum mold
B. Fabricated with UV adhesive around the chamber without aluminum mold

11. Developed high speed 3D image display technology
A. Synchronization between liquid lens array and display device enables application of various 3D devices
B. Implementation of 60 fps driving system by synchronizing display and lens array
C. S ync hroniza tion a t 60 f ps (1/ 15 s ec ond ) rea lizes na tu ra l, seamless deep expansion

12. Development of Elemental Image Array based on multi-view system
A. A computer-generated multi-viewpoint imaging technique
B. Create final images by capturing and combining elemental images with desired depth, size and arrangement through installation of virtual camera
C . Ability to create elemental image arrays for lenticular imaging and integral technology for multi-view systems

13. Development of core circuits for individual transportation(Participants: Silicon Works Inc.)
A . Design and development of multi-channel driver IC for individual lens operation
B. Development of serial & parallel interface structure for data input
C. Gray scale voltage generation for individual voltage drive per channel

14. Manufacture of individual drive driver prototype(Participating institution: Silicon Works Inc.)
A. Lens driver control software and integrated discrete drive prototyping combined with microcontroller, multi-channel driver IC, liquid lens array

< 5차년도 >
: We developed 7 inch lens array panel. For this purpose, we developed and optimized low voltage and high speed EW lens and produced a prototype with high resolution and high speed driving.
Participating organizations designed drivers for the 7inch liquid lenticular lens array.

1. Development and optimization of low voltage high speed EW lens for 3D display
A. Developed ETPTA Bi-convex lenticular lens for low voltage operation
B. Liquid lens structure with two-sided lens height enhancement for diopter improvement of lenticular lens
C. ETPTA Injection and solidification process, the shape of the bottom of the chamber is made to be higher than the lens shape, and high diopter (2000D) is secured
D . Bottom electrode removal process for low voltage high efficiency driving
E. Apply electrode deposition method applying shadow masking method to remove electrode of bottom part and enable more stable lens operation

2. Optimized material for EW lens printing process
A. Test and lens production of various kinds of polymer materials such as PMMA and PC for lenticular production through hot embossing process
B. Diopter enhancement of lenses through the use of materials with high index differences
C. The change of freezing point can be optimized according to the composition and concentration of the aqueous solution, and a Glycerin aqueous solution having a concentration of about 60 to 75% can be used for operation at -30 ° C
D . It has a density similar to the density of oil (1-Chloronaphthalene) used. It perfectly matches density to 1.156 by using 60% aqueous solution so that it is not influenced by gravity.
E. Gasket of PC material and Adhesive tape of water-resistant material to enhance the complexity and strength of lens sealing structure
F. In order to construct a material having a low WVTR (Water Vapor Transition Rate), layers such as SiOx and SiNx are formed on the chamber material in a multilayer structure

3. Prototyping for high resolution, high speed operation
A . Lens motion test with high diopter for high resolution multi-point image reproduction
B . Production of lenticular lens with high diopter over commercialized solid lenticular lens (~1600D) beyond existing several hundred diopter level through improvement of material and structure of lens
C. Flat state(0D) at 9V and Convex state(2000D) at 17V
D. The speed of the lens array is tested by shooting a super high speed camera with 1200fps
E. As the phase change between frames was observed at about 0.88ms, it was confirmed that the driving speed was within 0.88 ms

4. 7-inch vision model production
A. Implement 3D display with 7 inch display panel
B. 7-inch lenticular mold design and chamber fabrication through calculation of lens pitch and number of viewpoints to use Gpad with display size of about 8 inches as display panel
C. 3D demonstration model created by combining lenticular lens array and display

5. Driving high-speed 3D image display
A. Combines and drives a focal-variable liquid lenticular lens array with a display panel to reproduce 3D images in multi-view
B. By reproducing different images corresponding to 1 ~ 6 according to the observation time, it is possible to realize three dimensional formation by motion parallax

6. Development of core circuit for driving 7-inch large-area liquid lens(Participating agency: Silicon Works)
A. High speed Driver AMP improvement for low power operation
B. Improved display controller / data processing for 7-inch multi-channel operation
C. High-efficiency Power Generation
D. Improved Prototype Production and Validation

( 출처 : SUMMARY 15p )

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 보고서 요약서 ... 3
• 요약문 ... 5
• SUMMARY ... 15
• 목차 ... 27
• 제1장. 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 28
• 1. 연구개발 목적 ... 28
• 2. 연구 개발의 필요성 ... 29
• 3. 연구개발 범위 ... 30
• 제2장. 국내외 기술 개발 현황 ... 33
• 1. 국내·외 기술 현황 ... 33
• 2. 국내·외 시장 현황 ... 35
• 3. 국내·외 경쟁기관 현황 ... 37
• 4. 국내·외 지식재산권 현황 ... 38
• 5. 국내·외 표준화 현황 ... 42
• 제3장. 연구 수행 내용 및 성과 ... 43
• 1. 1차년도 (2012년도) ... 43
• 2. 2차년도(2013년도) ... 50
• 3. 3차년도(2014년도) ... 57
• 4. 4차년도(2014년도) ... 63
• 5. 5차년도(2016년도) ... 76
• 제4장. 목표 달성도 및 관련 분야 기여도 ... 84
• 1. 목표 달성도 ... 84
• 2. 관련 분야 기여도 ... 85
• 제5장. 연구개발성과의 활용계획 ... 91
• 1. 요소기술 활용 ... 91
• 2. 사업화를 위한 시장환경 및 경쟁력 분석 (SWOT 분석) ... 92
• 3. 기술이전(사업화) 전략 ... 92
• 4. R&D수행 후 생산 계획(참여기업) ... 92
• 5. R&D수행 후 투자 계획(참여기업) ... 93
• 6. R&D수행 후 사업화 전략(참여기업) ... 93
• 7. 기술 유출 방지 전략 ... 94
• 제6장. 연구 과정에서 수집한 해외 과학기술 정보 ... 95
• 1. “Tunable microdoublet lens array”, Ki-Hun Jeong, Optics Express, 2004 ... 95
• 2. “Micro-ball lens array modeling and fabrication using thermal reflow in two polymer layers”, Hsiharng Yang, J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 ... 96
• 3. “Simple Fabrication of Micro Lens Arrays”, Hiroshi Yabu, Langmuir, 2005 ... 97
• 4. “Polymer-based flexible microlens arrays with hermaphroditic focusing properties”, Hongwen Ren, Applied Optics, 2005 ... 98
• 5. “Agile wide-angle beam steering with electrowetting microprisms”, Neil R. Smith, Optics Express, 2006 ... 98
• 6. “Technical Solutions for a Full-Resolution Auto-Stereoscopic 2D/3D Display Technology”, Hagen Stolle, Proc. of SPIE, 2008 ... 99
• 7. “Electrowetting-driven variable-focus microlens on flexible surfaces”, Chenhui Li, Applied Physics Letters, 2012 ... 100
• 8. “Arrayed beam steering device for advanced 3D displays”, Jungmok Bae, Proc. of SPIE, 2013 ... 102
• 9. “ELECTROWETTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME”, Ki-deok BAE, 2013 ... 103
• 10. “Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging by lens switching”, Byoungho Lee, Sungyong Jung and Jae-Hyeung Park, Optics Letters, Vol. 27, No. 10, May 15, 2002 ... 103
• 11. “Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging system using a curved lens array”, Hunhee Kim, Jae-Hyeung Park and Byoungho Lee, Optics Express, Vol. 12, No. 3, 9 February 2004 ... 104
• 12. “A High Resolution Autostereoscopic Display Employing a Time Division Parallax Barrier”, Hyo Jin Lee, Hui Nam and Kyung Ho Choi, SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Vol. 37, Issue 1, Pages 81-84, June 2006 ... 105
• 13. “Enhanced viewing-angle integral imaging by multiple-axis telecentric relay system”, R. Martinez-Cuenca, H. Navarro and M Martinez Corral, Optics Express, Vol. 15, No. 24, 26 November 2007 ... 106
• 14. “Auto-stereoscopic 3D displays with reduced crosstalk”, Chulhee Lee, Guiwon Seo and Jong Geun Park, Optics Express, Vol. 19, No. 24, 21 November 2011 ... 106
• 15. “Integral imaging system with enlarged horizontal viewing angle” Masato Miura, Jun Arai and Fumio Okano, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 8384, 2012 ... 107
• 16. “Crosstalk minimization in autostereoscopic multiview 3D display by eye tracking and fusion (overlapping) of viewing zones”, Sung-Kyu Kim, Seon-Kyu Yoon and Ky-Hyuk Yoon, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 8384, 2012 ... 108
• 17. “Fabricating Microlens Arrays by Surface Wrinkling”, EP Chan, Advanced Materials, 2006 ... 109
• 18. “3D display based on complete digital optical phase conjugation”, Z Li, ELSEVIER, 2012 ... 110
• 제7장. 연구개발성과의 보안등급 ... 112
• 제8장. 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구시설·장비현황 ... 113
• 제9장. 연구개발과제 수행에 따른 연구실 등의 안전 조치 이행 실적 ... 114
• 제10장. 연구개발과제의 대표적 연구 실적 ... 115
• 제11장. 기타 사항 ... 122
• 제12장. 참고 문헌 ... 123
• 붙임1. 자체 보안관리 진단표 ... 124
• 붙임2. 연구실 안전조치 이행표 ... 125
• 끝페이지 ... 126