초록 ▼

이 연구의 최종목표는 "지질특성을 고려한 친환경 임도포장공법 개발"로 세부과제별 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
1. 친환경 임도포장공법 개발을 위한 고화재료 개발, 혼합토의 배합비별 강도특성 평가, 포장재의 친환경성 평가, 산림지역 시공에 적합한 혼합토의 레믹스 개발 및 다짐방법 결정, 임도포장단면 제시 및 시험시공을 통한 시공기준 정립
2. 지질특성을 고려한 임도포장 기준 수립을 위한 임도포장 파괴현황 조사 및 하부지반의 지질시험, 지질시험을 통한 포장기준 제시, 임도포장 시공성 평가방법 제시, 시공 및 설계기준 제시, 현장

이 연구의 최종목표는 "지질특성을 고려한 친환경 임도포장공법 개발"로 세부과제별 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
1. 친환경 임도포장공법 개발을 위한 고화재료 개발, 혼합토의 배합비별 강도특성 평가, 포장재의 친환경성 평가, 산림지역 시공에 적합한 혼합토의 레믹스 개발 및 다짐방법 결정, 임도포장단면 제시 및 시험시공을 통한 시공기준 정립
2. 지질특성을 고려한 임도포장 기준 수립을 위한 임도포장 파괴현황 조사 및 하부지반의 지질시험, 지질시험을 통한 포장기준 제시, 임도포장 시공성 평가방법 제시, 시공 및 설계기준 제시, 현장 모니터링을 통한 타 사업 연계활용 및 고도화 방안 제시
3. 임도포장 시공기술 연구를 위한 소규모 현장시험 수행, 현장시험시공 등을 통한 유수저항성 평가 및 평탄성 평가, 하부지반의 지질특성별 현장시험시공, 기존 임도의 포장시공 공정별 작업특성을 검토하고 효율적인 임도포장 공정제시, 레믹스를 이용한 훼손지 복원시공 수행
(출처: 보고서 요약서 5p)

Abstract ▼

1. Development of an eco-friendly forest road pavement method
A. Development of an Eco-friendly Solidification Agent
- The currently commercialized solidification agent is cement made up of silica and calcium carbonate. In the case of cement, non-eco-friendly substances such as chromium were d

1. Development of an eco-friendly forest road pavement method
A. Development of an Eco-friendly Solidification Agent
- The currently commercialized solidification agent is cement made up of silica and calcium carbonate. In the case of cement, non-eco-friendly substances such as chromium were detected, which calls for development of an eco-friendly solidification agent.
- In this Research, bran, which is classified as waste in order to develop an eco-friendly solidification agent, is used to obtain silica and make calcium carbonate by using chemical sampling.
- In the case of cement, the mixture ratio of silica and calcium carbonate is 1:4. Using the cement analysis, a strength evaluation was carried out by mixing them in the ratios of 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6 in order to find the mixture ratio of silica and calcium carbonate.
- From the strength analysis, at the 1:3 ratio, the calcium carbonate mixture ratio was low, showing unconfined compression strength at a low level and even at the 1:4 level, the strength increase proved to be 1.2 times, and at the 1:5 level, the increase ratio was at 2. At the 1:6 level, there was an increase in the calcium carbonate and at the constant moisture content, it was unable to create a test piece. Therefore, for the construction of the eco-friendly solidification agent, the best level of mixture ratio proved to be 1:5.
B. Strength Features Evaluation of Eco-friendly Solidification Agent and Granite Weathering Soil
- For the evaluation of the performance of the eco-friendly solidification agent, granite weathering soil, which is observed a lot on site, was mixed in with eco-friendly solidification agent while considering soil weight. Then, strength tests such as uniaxial compression test, alternate wet and dry test, freezing and thawing test, and shearing test were performed.
- The uniaxial compression test, by the regulations of KS F 2314, was carried out under the condition of 90% of the maximum dry unit weight with a diameter of 50mm and height of 100mm. The mixture ratio of the eco-friendly solidification agent was mixed at 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%, and the recuperation period was put at the 7 levels of 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 in order to analyze long-term strength properties. The result of the uni-axial compression test was that, in the case of cement, as the recuperation period increased, the strength gradually increased. On the other hand, in the case of mixing the eco-friendly solidification agent, the strongest strength is expressed at 14 days and at 7 days, 85% of the maximum strength was shown, proving that it has excellent early strength.
- The direct shear test calculates the shear strength parameters according to the mixture ratio of the target ground eco-friendly solidification agent and has the purpose of physical and mechanical analysis, and according to the regulations of KS F 2343, the diameter is 60mm, and the height is 40mm at the 90% level of the maximum dry unit weight. The mixture ratio of the eco-friendly solidification agent was set to 0, 5, 10, 15% and the recuperation period was set to 3 levels: 1, 3, 7 days. The results showed that at 7 days, the shear strength and shear strength parameters increased, and the integers, adhesive force and internal friction increased as the recuperation period and mixture ratio increased. Therefore, the shear strength and shear strength parameters are impacted by the recuperation period and mixture ratio.
C. Evaluation of Eco-friendliness
- In order to test the developed solidification agent's eco-friendliness, the pH characteristic test and fish toxicity test were performed. In the case of the sample with cement mixed, the pH was calculated as 9.35 and in the case of the eco-friendly solidification agent, 7.15, meaning the pH level advantage was seen at the condition with the eco-friendly solidification agent.
- From the result of the fish toxicity test, it could be seen that when the cement-made test piece was put in, in 24 hours, the mortality rate of the test fish proved to be 100% at pH 11.8. As time passed, the pH level went up to 12.2. In the case of the test piece made of eco-friendly solidification agent, in 24 hours, the pH level was 11.0 and the mortality rate 0%. As time passed, there was no pH level reading increase and it could be said that the impact of the eco-friendly solidification agent is smaller than cement.
D. Development of Ready-Mixed Soil Suitable for Reinforcement of Forest Road Pavement Damaged Section
- The forest road was located on a mountain site so electrical supply was hard to get and obtaining space was hard, thus making it difficult to use sizable construction equipment. Accordingly, the granite weathering soil was mixed with a compared soil weight of 10% and made into ready-mixed soil in the form of a 25kg sack. The produced ready-mixed soil can be sprayed right away over the damaged cross-section and continue with construction and using a small amount of labor and construction equipment, increasing the constructability.
E. Suggestion of Eco-friendly Forest Road Pavement Suitable Topography and Topographical Features
- When installing eco-friendly forest road pavement, the impact on strength depends on the compaction method of the pavement material. Therefore, under the road pavement construction standard, the compaction equipment application standard according to the apt soil was evaluated and the right equipment was chosen for the site construction. Also, according to the subgrade compaction standards and test standards, the sub-base material's particle size was set at a maximum of 50mm.
F. Suggestion of an Eco-friendly Forest Road Pavement Construction Standard
- From the site test construction and site construction, the cross-section vehicle load is calculated and by performing structure review of the cross-section, the safety evaluation was performed on the vehicle load, live-load and subgrade layer compaction condition.
- According to road regulations, the standard is set at 90~95% compaction. Therefore, the core is taken from the forest road pavement cross-section, the sufficient pavement standard density is measured and the compaction proved to be between 88.9%~92.6%, satisfying the compaction condition.

2. Establishment of forest road pavement standards considering geological characteristics
A. Case Study and Trend Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Forest Road Pavement Technology
- Case study and trend analysis of domestic and foreign forest road pavement technology include the foreign cases of forestry advanced countries such as United States, New Zealand, Germany and domestic cases such as forest road pavement technology cases by investigating each ministry's road standard.
- As for forest road base site investigation, the resident near forest road site was categorized for each year and investigation was performed on the 3 forest road sites and lower ground samples of the damaged forest road base construction for damage trend analysis and lower ground sample collection.
B. Reinforcement and Reinforcement Methods of the Lower Ground Considering Topographical Features
- The original forest road pavement construction process by working characteristics was evaluated and in order for the most efficient pavement process suggestion, the domestic and foreign forest road pavement current trends were investigated.
- An actual plate loading test was carried out, applying geo-textile to test a forest road lower bearing capacity reinforcement method, according to literature review and expert advice, in order to suggest the lower ground reinforcement and reinforcement method in consideration of the topographic features of the pavement lower cross-section.
C. Linkage Plan with Other Businesses through use of Monitoring
- Using the eco-friendly solidification agent, the construction time and used labor per pavement construction process was confirmed for .
- For the durability evaluation for site monitoring, the Schmidt Hammer Test, a nondestructive testing method, was performed. The second year test analyzed the test constructed forest road pavement strength in the Kyungpook National University Sangju Campus and the third year test analyzed the forest road pavement strength of Goryeong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do.
- For a monitoring checklist through site analysis, the maintenance manual and checklist of domestic and foreign pavement forest roads were analyzed. As there are not enough domestic cases, the seasonal regular inspection schedule was written based on foreign cases.
- A linkage method with other businesses was suggested such as forest roads and bike paths by analyzing domestic and foreign businesses linkage cases and regulations for the linkage with other businesses and the development method.

3. Research of Forest Road Pavement Construction Technology
A. Small Site Test Construction
- From the small site test construction, the forest road pavement constructed with eco-friendly solidification agent was tested of durability, abrasive features, and strength. Then, a reasonable pavement method was developed and the improved version of the forest road pavement technology was applied.
- The small site test construction site was designated as a 15m section of the trail at "Kyungpook National University Sangju Campus" and the currently used wetting and drying method was applied. A sufficient method for forest road pavement using eco-friendly solidification agent was chosen and the pavement method through the wetting and drying method proved to be sufficient.
- Applying the forest road pavement method considering topographical features revealed that the strength was impacted largely by the thickness of the pavement and as the thickness became bigger, the strength increased. The mixture ratio of the eco-friendly solidification agent was sufficient at 10% compared to the weight of soil in consideration of economic efficiency. Also, the result of installing geo-grid for reinforcement of the lower ground, the smaller that the thickness was, the reinforcement effect of the geo-textile was almost nothing and the bigger the thickness, the bigger the increase in reinforcement of the geo-textile.
B. Durability Evaluation of Pavement Cross-Section
- As forest roads are outdoors, they always encounter rainfall or runoff and need to have resistance against water. This kind of evaluation through hydraulic characteristics is required and a resistance test about runoff was tested indoors.
- The soil loss was measured at the eco-friendly solidification agent mixture level of 0%, 6%, 10% and a slope of 30° according to rainfall duration time. During the rainfall duration time, the first 30~60 minutes showed the most soil loss, but when the rainfall duration exceeded 60 minutes, the soil loss decreased. Also, as the ratio of mixture increased, soil loss decreased.
C. Site Construction
- The site construction site was an 85m section of the entire forest road installation area at
- From the small site test construction, forest road pavement work was performed based on an accumulated method and the cross-section was designed at the advantageous thickness of 0.2m for forest road pavement, increasing the effect of effective strength.
C. Also, geogrid, a form of geotextile, was installed at the lower level ground for reinforcement.
D. Eco-friendly pavement constructability and economic efficiency evaluation
- A pavement section utilizing eco-friendly solidification agent was put through reconstruction in order to evaluate the maintenance performance on surface damage and cracks formed over the passage of time. Generally, it is common practice to calculate and eliminate the area of damage and repair the damage in the pavement method using concrete and asphalt. An eco-friendly solidification agent using ready-mixed soil uses less labor and construction equipment, proving excellent constructability.
- In order to evaluate the traversability of the forest management vehicles, a surface smoothness test was conducted for forest road pavement. The traversability test was conducted using Swiss AOS company's S-PRI high-speed camera by comparing and analyzing the rebound amount of eco-friendly solidification agent pavement, concrete pavement, macadam pavement and unpaved road. From the analysis, it was found that the rebound amount was the biggest on unpaved roads and macadam pavement and very small for concrete pavement and eco-friendly solidification agent pavement. Therefore, the traversability of the eco-friendly solidification agent pavement was excellent.
- In order to judge the term of work of construction of forest road pavement, a construction schedule was introduced so that the term of work about the construction plans and construction progress could be known. The construction schedule makes it easy to understand each term of work of the forest road pavement. Writing the currently ongoing construction name and the term of work allows for efficient construction management.
- Also, drafting a cost statement of the concrete pavement and eco-friendly solidification agent pavement and conducting an economic comparison decreased the labor cost for eco-friendly solidification agent pavement work, and material cost was evaluated to the same amount, leading to the conclusion that economic efficiency rose.
- Specifications were suggested on soil pavement that utilizes eco-friendly solidification agent, using collective technology through small site test construction and site construction.
(출처: Summary 15p)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 3
• 보고서 요약서 ... 5
• 요 약 문 ... 7
• Summary ... 14
• Table of Contents ... 24
• 목차 ... 27
• 제 1장 연구개발과제 개요 ... 30
• 제 1절 연구배경 ... 30
• 제 2절 연구목적 및 필요성 ... 34
• 제 3절 연구내용 및 범위 ... 35
• 제 2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 36
• 제 1절 세계적 기술개발 현황 ... 36
• 제 2절 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 38
• 제 3절 향후 전망 ... 40
• 제 3장 연구 수행 내용 및 성과 ... 41
• 제 1절 친환경 임도포장공법 개발 ... 41
• 1. 친환경 임도포장기술 개발 ... 41
• 2. 지질조건을 고려한 친환경 임도포장기술 개발 ... 44
• 3. 임도포장 파손단면 보강에 적합한 레믹스 개발(Ready Mixed Soil) ... 76
• 4. 친환경 임도포장에 적합한 지형 및 지형조건 제시 ... 77
• 5. 친환경 임도포장 시공기준제시 ... 82
• 제 2절 지질특성을 고려한 임도포장 기준 수립 ... 93
• 1. 국내외 임도포장기술 사례 조사 및 동향 분석 ... 93
• 2. 지질특성을 고려한 하부지반의 보강여부 및 보강방안 제시 ... 115
• 3. 모니터링을 통한 타사업 연계활용 및 고도화 방안 ... 138
• 제 3절 임도포장 시공기술 연구 ... 168
• 1. 임도포장 시공기술연구 ... 168
• 2. 소규모의 현장시험시공 ... 170
• 3. 포장단면의 내구성 평가 ... 184
• 4. 현장시공 ... 186
• 5. 친환경 포장재의 시공성 및 경제성 평가 ... 190
• 제 4장 목표 달성도 및 관련 분야 기여도 ... 208
• 제 1절 연구개발 목표달성도 ... 208
• 제 2절 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 211
• 제 5장 연구개발성과의 활용 계획 ... 213
• 제 6장 연구 과정에서 수집한 해외 과학기술 정보 ... 217
• 제 7장 연구개발성과의 보안등급 ... 221
• 제 8장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구실적·장비현황 ... 221
• 제 9장 연구개발과제 수행에 따른 연구실 등의 안전 조치이행 실적 ... 221
• 제 10장 연구개발과제의 대표적 연구 실적 ... 222
• 제 11장 기타 사항 ... 222
• 제 12장 참고 문헌 ... 223
• 부 록 ... 226
• 1. 실내시험 ... 226
• 2. 어독성시험 ... 228
• 3. 현장시험시공(경북대학교 상주캠퍼스) ... 230
• 4. 현장시공(경상북도 고령군) ... 234
• 5. 임도포장공법에 따른 일위대가 분석 ... 238
• 6. 친환경고화재 포장 일위대 분석 ... 248
• 끝페이지 ... 255