초록 ▼

□ 연차목표
○ 주요 비재래형 석유전 지질특성 및 평가기술 분석
○ 비재래형 석유저류층 특성화 및 생산기술 분석
○ 현생 유사저류층/유사퇴적환경 비교연구를 통한 저류층 특성화 기술 개발

□ 개발내용 및 결과
○ 오일샌드 지질특성화/저류층모델링 기술분석
- 3D Seismic/Well logs/Core Integration 기법 도출
○ 초중질유 지질특성화/저류층모델링 기술분석
- 3D Seismic Processing/AVO/Attribute 분석 기법
○ 오일셰일 지질특성화/

□ 연차목표
○ 주요 비재래형 석유전 지질특성 및 평가기술 분석
○ 비재래형 석유저류층 특성화 및 생산기술 분석
○ 현생 유사저류층/유사퇴적환경 비교연구를 통한 저류층 특성화 기술 개발

□ 개발내용 및 결과
○ 오일샌드 지질특성화/저류층모델링 기술분석
- 3D Seismic/Well logs/Core Integration 기법 도출
○ 초중질유 지질특성화/저류층모델링 기술분석
- 3D Seismic Processing/AVO/Attribute 분석 기법
○ 오일셰일 지질특성화/저류층모델링 기술분석
- 석유지화학적 석유시스템 분석기법 도출
○ 비재래형 석유저류층 평가 프로토콜 분석

□ 기대효과
○ 2015년 까지 원유자급률 15%, 비재래형 석유자원 300,000 bbl/day 생산량 확보를 목적으로 하는 국가정책에 부합하게 오일샌드 및 초중질유 시장에 진출을 가속화 하고 이를 뒷받 침할 기초정보를 자료화하여 국가와 기업에 제공함으로써 국익창출에 기여

□ 적용분야
○ 비재래형 석유자원 개발에 적극적으로 진출하고자 하는 정부의 정책에 부응하여 비재래형 석유시장의 현황과 전망을 분석하고 우리 기업의 진출전략을 수립할 수 있는 지식정보의 제공

(출처 : 연차보고서 요약서 4p)

Abstract ▼

As conventional oil and gas reservoirs become depleted, interests for unconventional petroleum resources has rapidly increased in the last decade. Due to high production cost and needs for high production technology in oil and gas development, the unconventional petroleum resources have not been foc

As conventional oil and gas reservoirs become depleted, interests for unconventional petroleum resources has rapidly increased in the last decade. Due to high production cost and needs for high production technology in oil and gas development, the unconventional petroleum resources have not been focused in the past. The unconventional resources include oil sands in Canada, extra heavy oils in Venezuela, and oil shales in a number of countries. A total of reserves were estimated over 6 trillion barrels in original oil in place(OOIP).

Heavy oils are divided into four types, medium heavy oil, extra-heavy oil, tar sands/bitumen, and oil shale, respectively. Of these, heavy and extra-heavy oils have mobility, but not in bitumen. Oil shale has generally very low permeability. The largest oil sand deposits are in Alberta, spatially grouping into three development areas, the Athabasca, Cold Lake, and Peace River. Principal oil sands deposits consist of the McMurray Formation and Wabiskaw Member in Athabasca area, the Gething and Bluesky Formations in Peace River area, and relatively thin multi-reservoir deposits of McMurray, Clearwater, and Grand Rapid Formations in Cold Lake area. On the basis of core and well-logging data analyses collecting in that region, seven geologic maps were produced for reservoir characterization of major oil sands. Reservoir geologic characterization using a AccuMap tool revealed that the McMurray Formation appear to be controlled by paleo-topography of the Cretaceous carbonate basement. In order to understand sedimentary facies distribution in three dimension mode, geological modeling with fault pattern analysis has been conducted, reflecting the development aspects of sand and mud deposits characteristic in the McMurray Formation.

The largest extra heavy oil reservoirs occur in the Orinoco Oil Belt in Venezuela. The extra heavy oils are extremely heavy hydrocarbons, in situ viscosity of 100-10,000 cP at reservoir condition and API gravity between 7-20o with limited mobility under in-situ reservoir condition. The oil belt contains an estimated 1.3 trillion barrels of original oil-in-place and 250 billion barrels of established reserves. The Orinoco Oil Belt comprises four major production blocks, Boyaco, Junin, Ayachoco, and Carabobo. Nowadays, PDVSA makes a development of each production block with a number of foreign oil companies, forming an international joint-venture company. In Boyaco and Junin development areas, the reservoirs occupy regionally in larger area, whereas, in Ayachoco and Carabobo, the extra heavy oils are characteristically accumulated in a narrow region. The major production area is currently Junin and Carabobo blocks, due mainly to thick reservoirs in wider area and hence good facilities related to oil production. The reservoir depth of extra heavy oil in Orinoco is approximately 350-1,000 m below the ground, depending on the blocks. The geologic reservoir characterization for individual blocks is thus definitely needed for the development of heavy oil in the region. The Miocene Oficina Formation in Maturin subbasin(Junin, Ayachoco and Carabobo) is a principal reservoir formation in the Orinoco Oil Belt. The formation comprises alternations of a few meters- to decimeters-thick sand and mud beds. It was formed in fluvial-estuarine-deltaic environments with great reservoir complexity and heterogeneity. In western region in the Orinoco Oil Belt, the reservoir is the stacked estuarine mouth-bar deposits, by contrast deltaic channel deposits are extensively developed along the eastern block. Such reservoir complexity and heterogeneity have raised an interest and promoted R&D investment in reservoir geology and geological characterization in the field of extra heavy oil development in Venezuela.

Oil shale generally refers to a sedimentary rock that contains solid bituminous materials (called kerogen) that are released as petroleum-like liquids when the rock is heated in the chemical process of pyrolysis. Oil shale was formed by deposition of silt and organic debris on lake and sea bottoms. Over long periods of time, heat and pressure transformed the organic matters and sediments into oil shale. Extracting oil from oil shale is more complex than conventional oil recovery and currently is more expensive. The oil substances in oil shale are solid and cannot be pumped directly out of the ground. The oil shale must first be mined and then heated to a high temperature (a process called retorting). The resultant liquid must then be separated and collected. An alternative but currently experimental process referred to as in situ retorting involves heating the oil shale while it is still underground, and then pumping the resulting liquid to the surface. Oil shale deposits are Cambrian to Tertiary in time and occur in variable sedimentary environments from lake to marine environment. The Eocene Green River Formation spanning from Colorado and Utah, to Wyoming and Devonian to Mississippian Black Shale in Eastern United State are major oil shale deposit. Recent research reported that even for oil shale reservoir characterization should be carried out to improve the efficiency for production. In case the Green River Formation, major oil shales are Mahogany calcareous zone and Upper R-6 dolomitic/siliciclastic deposits. The geologic characterization of oil shale deposits were successfully conducted to find out the core region for development.

Modem analogue study for extra heavy oil in Orinoco Belt was carried out in the Yeonggwang coast, west coast of Korea. High-resolution seismic profiles using a Sparker and Chirp system were acquired along the shallow tidal sea area. Based on seismic analysis, three drill cores taken on the estuarine tidal flat were analyzed to examine channel-fill aspects and stacking pattern of sand and mud beds. The estuarine tidal deposits and its stratigraphic evolution pattern are very similar to Miocene Oficina Formation in Orinoco extra heavy oil belt. It can be thus applicable for reconstructing paleoenvironment and further tracking reservoirs.

This research program gathers a variety of raw data, reported .data, analytical data, and information on unconventional petroleum resources. Based on the data and information, this program has summarized geological characteristics of the unconventional petroleum resources and oil fields. Furthermore, it obtains recent information on development status and future of the unconventional petroleum resources. It will provide a basis for establishing a future-strategy of advance into world unconventional oil and gas market, and will reconstruct a basic information-system for planning a government policy for secure of foreign petroleum resources.

(출처 : SUMMARY 10p)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 연차보고서 요약서 ... 4
• 요약문 ... 6
• SUMMARY ... 10
• CONTENTS ... 14
• 목차 ... 16
• 그림목차 ... 17
• 표목차 ... 21
• 제1장 서론 ... 22
• 제2장 비래재형 석유자원 ... 23
• 제3장 카나다 오일샌드 석유저류층 ... 28
• 제1절 카나다 오일샌드 개요 ... 28
• 제2절 카나다 오일샌드 부존특성 ... 29
• 제3절 카나다 오일샌드 저류층의 형성 ... 31
• 제4절 카나다 오일샌드 저류층의 지질특성 ... 34
• 제5절 카나다 오일샌드 지질특성화 기법 ... 40
• 제6절 카나다 오일샌드 생산기법 소개 ... 48
• 1. 노천채굴(open-pit mining) 회수기법 ... 49
• 2. 주기적스팀주입법(CSS: Cyclic Steam Stimulation) ... 50
• 3. 스팀주입중력회수법(SAGD: Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) ... 51
• 4. 확장용매 스팀주입중력회수법(ES-SAGD: Expanding Solvent-SAGD) ... 52
• 5. 공기주입법(Air Injection) ... 52
• 6. 일차생산기법 ... 53
• 제7절 카나다 오일샌드 개발현황 분석 ... 55
• 제4장 베네주엘라 초중질유 석유저류층 ... 59
• 제1절 베네주엘라(베네주엘) 초중질유 개요 ... 59
• 제2절 베네주엘라 초중질유 부존특성 ... 62
• 제3절 베네주엘라 초중질유 저류층의 형성 ... 65
• 제4절 베네주엘라 초중질유 저류층의 지질특성 ... 71
• 제5절 베네주엘라 초중질유 지질특성화 기법 ... 76
• 제6절 베네주엘라 초중질유 생산기법 소개 ... 82
• 제7절 베네주엘라 초중질유 개발현황 분석 ... 86
• 제5장 오일셰일 석유저류층 ... 92
• 제1절 오일셰일 개요 ... 92
• 제2절 오일셰일 등급의 결정 ... 94
• 제3절 오일셰일의 유기물 기원과 지열변성 ... 95
• 제4절 오일셰일의 분류 ... 96
• 제5절 미국 오일셰일의 지질특성 ... 99
• 1. Green River Formation ... 99
• 2. Eastern Devonian-Mississippian Oil Shale ... 104
• 3. 미국 유타-와이오밍-콜로라도 지질조사 ... 106
• 제6절 오일셰일의 지질특성화 기법 ... 111
• 제7절 오일셰일 생산기법 소개 ... 114
• 1. Chevron USA, Inc ... 114
• 2. EGL Resources, Inc ... 115
• 3. Shell Frontier Oil & Gas, Inc ... 115
• 제6장 현생 유사저류층 분석연구 ... 118
• 제1절 베네주엘라 초중질유 유사저류층 연구 ... 118
• 1. 연구 개요 ... 118
• 2. 연구지역의 특성 ... 118
• 3. 연구방법 ... 123
• 4. 연구결과 ... 132
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 163
• 끝페이지 ... 171