초록 ▼

1. 과제 개요
2004년 채택된 IMO 선박평형수 관리협약이 곧 발효가 예상됨에 따라, 선박평형수 협약의 원활한 이행을 위한 대응 기술 개발 및 국제협력 강화를 통한 아국의 선박평형수 관리 신뢰성을 확보함으로써, 우리나라의 항만 및 해양환경 보호와 국가 경쟁력 제고를 위한 선박평형수 관리 기술 분석 및 유해수중생물 모니터링 장치 핵심 기술 개발 연구임

- 선박평형수 처리 장치 기술 개발 및 IMO 심사 동향의 지속적 분석
- 휴대용 선박평형수 처리유무 판별 모니터링 장치 개발
- 선박평형수내 유해수중생

1. 과제 개요
2004년 채택된 IMO 선박평형수 관리협약이 곧 발효가 예상됨에 따라, 선박평형수 협약의 원활한 이행을 위한 대응 기술 개발 및 국제협력 강화를 통한 아국의 선박평형수 관리 신뢰성을 확보함으로써, 우리나라의 항만 및 해양환경 보호와 국가 경쟁력 제고를 위한 선박평형수 관리 기술 분석 및 유해수중생물 모니터링 장치 핵심 기술 개발 연구임

- 선박평형수 처리 장치 기술 개발 및 IMO 심사 동향의 지속적 분석
- 휴대용 선박평형수 처리유무 판별 모니터링 장치 개발
- 선박평형수내 유해수중생물 식별 Kit 고도화
- 선박탑재용 수중생물 자동 모니터링 장치 개발
- 선상 선박평형수 처리설비의 효율성 평가

(출처 : 보고서 요약서 3p)

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results of the Research

A. Technology development of ballast water treatment systems and analysis of IMO trends
Various treatment systems have been developed for the smooth implementation of the "International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sedime

Ⅳ. Results of the Research

A. Technology development of ballast water treatment systems and analysis of IMO trends
Various treatment systems have been developed for the smooth implementation of the "International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM)" adopted in 2004. It is difficult to choose the reliable treatment system. IMO type approval treatment system could be considered more reliable treatment system. At present stage, there are 43 systems granted the basic type approval and 28 systems final type approval from IMO. 30 different type approval products can be found on the market, among which 8 products are from Korea, 5 products from German and 4 products from Japan. In the aspect of technogy, UV systems are ranked at top (27 cases), followed by Electolysis system (5 cases of direct and in-direct system, respectively) and Chemical system (6 cases), Ozone system (2 cases) and others.
The number of ships to establish balllast water treatment system including existing and new ships is estimated to be 76,900 ships from 2017 to 2021 year, considering that 15,380 ships are required every year. The market of the balllast water treatment system is expected to be grown up more than $40 billion to $70 billion during the same period.
For implementing the convention, IMO MEPC 65 (2013. 6) reviewed and approved the Guideline for Ballast Water Sampling (G2) in order for port state control to check if the discharge of ballast water by vessels is being done according to the convention's performance standards. There are developing monitoring equipment for port state control to carry out the indicative analysis.
To support the government to establishment of a ballast water management plan, the annual report of the ballast water discharge has been published through a comprehensive ratio analysis between the variation of the cargo of ship and discharge by the type of ship. The number of ship calling to international ports are similar every year, which is followed by Busan, Ulsan, Incheon and etc. Status of ballast water discharge are also similar every year and the quantity of the ballast water discharge by port is followed by Ulsan, Yeocheon, Daesan and etc. The difference between the rank of the number of ship calling and ballast water discharge is due to the following reasons; the correlation between cargo and ballast water, and ship type calling to ports.
This study were also compared with bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) and microalgae by toxic response to the toxicity of the TRO and disinfection by-products for comparing the simplicity and sensitivity of the ecotoxicological assessment.
Bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) as the standard test species are present in the domestic marine environment, and reproducibility, speed, and economy, etc. are relatively excellent, while microalgae test species is constantly reporting comparative data on existing reports in a standard test species recommended IMO.
Results showed that the bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) are more sensitive than microalgae on toxic effect of TRO and disinfection byproducts because it is considered easier to evaluate the environmental risk with effluents of BWMS.

B. Development of portable monitoring device for monitoring 　 phytoplanktons in ballast water
Research was carried out conventional methods for detection of phytoplankton and its principles, such as spectral properties of phytoplankton. It was concluded that Chlorophyll fluorescence was by far the most practical and reliable property for a novel portable device for monitoring phytoplanktons in ballast water.
Characteristics of fluorescent reactions from generic phytoplanktons are identified through series of experiments and empirical analysis are carried out with conventional fluorescent microscopes. The same principle is proved with a simplified proof-of-concept equipment developed, indicating development of compact system can be feasible.
Accuracy has improved during the development stage, not only by improving hardware but also by optimising detection and counting algorithm in software. Such attempts are verified by direct comparison with the manual counting from conventional fluorescent miscroscope.
The prototype device, upgraded from the proof-of-concept model, has been rigorously tested by characterisation of its performance. Experiment showed that the device was successfully identified unhealthy species before its termination. In case of storing samples for a certain period, fluorescent unaffected fixture helped to maintain its Chlorophyll-a sensitivity with preserved samples. As well as fluorescent detection, the device was exposed to various harsh environment, such as vibration, ranges of temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference, approved maintaining its performance. This included test on board in a ship, i.e. real conditions.

C. Enhancement of the detection kit for harmful aquatic species in ballast water
The rapid kit was developed with the combination of two monoclonal antibodies among three selected monoclonal antibodies which were raised against to the H. triquetra a-tubulin protein. The kit showed good performance, it can detect 2.4 ng of antigen. The recognitive limit of the kit was evaluated by using various kinds of microalgal species. Roughly, the kit could be responded to 5,000-50,000 cell of dinoflagellates, an 3,000,000-21,000,000 cells of diatoms. The polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody against to Rubisco Large subunit protein of A. tamarense were raised. The polyclonal antibody recognized dinoflagellated only. Eight kinds of hybridoma cells were selected and 2 cell lines were used for the rapid kit development among them. The second rapid kit showed good performance, it can detect 2.8 ng of antigen. The polyclonal antibody against to A. tamarense Photosystem I subunit 9 protein was raised. Six hybridoma cell lines which produce monoclonal antibody for this protein were selected and ascites production of these monoclonal antibodies are underway. The rapid kit will be developed by using the monoclonal antibodies against to Photosystem I subunit 9 protein of A. tamarense.

D. Development of on-board monitoring system for aquatic microorganism
This study focuses on developing an auto-monitoring system for aquatic microorganism. The system facilitates the analysis of viable organism by developing auto-sampling system, auto-mobility detection unit, counting algorism, and data output unit. The performance of the auto-monitoring system was evaluated on the test barge, which has a similar environment to a real ship. The accuracy of system by detecting the mobility of organism bigger than 50 um to analyze the viability was studied. The accuracy of system was also verified under various water qualities (ex. sea water, brackish water, fresh water), which are treated by using various ballast water treatment (BWT) technologies. The error of viability results obtained between the trained researchers and the auto-monitoring system showed below 10 %, which means that the newly developed system has a good accuracy.
The auto-monitoring system developed during the project requires further studies to improve its accuracy. However, the system proved that it can be applied to the real ship environment to monitor the viability of ballast water treatment system.

E. Efficiency tests of type approved ballast water treatment systems via shipboard test
Shipboard tests (D2 criteria) of Korea BWTS carried out at different water environment or sailing conditions. Efficacy tests of aquatic organisms of different BWTS performed on 3 different vessels. Harbors included in tests are Busan of South Korea, Shanghai, Xiamen, Ang Tian, Ningbo of People's Republic of China's, Kell Grand of Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong. Normally operating BWTSs are satisfied the IMO D2 criteria. But test water condition of phytoplankton (size 10-50um) in G8 was satisfied at Kell Grand, Singapore and Hong Kong. All vessels are visited at Shanghai but BWTS dose not work because of high turbidity and low salinity of water. High turbidity will be affected the filter unit and low salinity will be affected to produce of NaOCl of electrolysis unit in BWTS.

(출처 : SUMMARY 12p)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 보고서 요약서 ... 3
• 요 약 문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 10
• 목차 ... 18
• 그림목차 ... 21
• 표목차 ... 28
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 32
• 제 1 절 연구개발 목표 및 범위 ... 32
• 1. 연구개발 최종목표 ... 32
• 2. 단계별 연구개발 목표 ... 33
• 3. 2단계 최종년도(’14) 및 과년도 연차별 연구개발 내용 및 범위 ... 34
• 제 2 절 연구개발 추진체계 및 방법 ... 37
• 1. 연구개발 추진체계 ... 37
• 2. 연구수행방법 ... 39
• 제 3 절 연구수행 내용 및 주요 결과 ... 40
• 1. 단계 최종년도(’14) 연구수행 내용 및 주요 결과 ... 40
• 2. 과년도 (’12 - ’13) 연구수행 내용 및 주요 결과 ... 41
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 46
• 제 1 절 선박평형수 협약 대응 기술 및 IMO 동향 분석 ... 46
• 1. 선박평형수 관리 협약 ... 46
• 2. 선박평형수 관리 지침서 ... 50
• 제2절 휴대용 선박평형수 처리유무 판별 모니터링 장치 개발 ... 52
• 1. 국외 기술 및 산업동향 ... 52
• 2. 국내 기술 및 산업동향 ... 56
• 3. 특허　동향 ... 56
• 제 3 절 선박평형수내 유해수중생물 식별 Kit 고도화 ... 59
• 1. 국내동향 ... 59
• 2. 국외동향 ... 61
• 제 4 절 선박탑재용 수중생물 자동 모니터링 장치 개발 ... 64
• 1. 국내외 연구개발 현황 ... 64
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 72
• 제 1 절 선박평형수 처리설비 기술 개발 및 IMO 동향 분석 ... 72
• 1. IMO 활성물질 승인 처리설비 ... 72
• 2. 각국의 형식승인 처리설비 ... 79
• 3. 협약 대응 및 관리 기술 ... 83
• 4. 처리설비 시장 예측 ... 85
• 5. 항만에서의 생물 검사 (선박평형수 성능기준 항만검사 기술) ... 88
• 6. 국내 항만 선박평형수 입배출 현황 ... 95
• 7. IMO 선체 생물오손 국제협약 대응 기술 ... 109
• 8. 잔류유해물질에 대한 발광미생물을 이용한 독성반응 평가 및 민감도 분석 ... 111
• 9. 온도와 염분변화에 따른 활성물질(TRO)의 분해와 발광미생물에 대한 독성영향 ... 132
• 10. IMO 회의 기술지원 ... 138
• 11. 정부기술 지원 및 국제협력 ... 146
• 12. 정책 제언 ... 149
• 제2절 휴대용 선박평형수 처리유무 판별 모니터링 장치 개발 ... 156
• 1. 생물 모니터링 센서 성능 평가 및 향상 연구 ... 156
• 2. 휴대용 식물플랑크톤 모니터링 장치 시작품 개발 ... 164
• 3. 휴대용 식물플랑크톤 모니터링방법 신뢰도 향상 연구 ... 178
• 제 3 절 선박평형수내 유해수중생물 식별 Kit 고도화 ... 198
• 1. 유해수중생물 식별 키트 모형 완성 및 검증 ... 198
• 2. 식별 키트 사용법 표준화 ... 201
• 3. Heterocapsa triquetra a-tubulin 키트 활용성 검증 및 성능제고 ... 203
• 4. 신규 유해수중생물 선정(1종) 및 특이 생체지표 발굴 ... 205
• 5. 신규 유해수중생물 식별 키트 요소 확보 ... 206
• 6. Alexandrium tamarense Rubisco Large subunit 다클론항체 제작 ... 211
• 7. Alexandrium tamarense의 Rubisco Large subunit 단일클론항체 제작 ... 215
• 8. Alexandrium tamarense Rubisco Large subunit 키트 활용성 검증 및 성능제고 ... 219
• 9. Alexandrium tamarense Photosystem I subunit 3 항체 제작 ... 221
• 10. Alexandrium tamarense Photosystem I subunit 9 다클론항체 제작 ... 223
• 11. Alexandrium tamarense Photosystem I subunit 9 단일클론항체 제작 ... 228
• 제 4 절 선박탑재용 수중생물 자동 모니터링 장치 개발 ... 229
• 1. 50㎛ 이상 생물의 자동 Monitoring 장치 구축 ... 229
• 2. 50㎛ 이상 생물의 자동 Monitoring 장치의 정밀도 향상 방안 연구 ... 235
• 3. In-line 자동 분석 시스템 체계 확립 ... 248
• 제 5 절 선상 선박평형수 처리설비의 효율성 평가 ... 278
• 1. 형식승인 받은 선박평형수처리설비의 선상시험 ... 278
• 2. 선박 평형수처리 자료의 대표성 확보를 위한 샘플 부피 결정 시험 ... 312
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 316
• 제 1 절 목표달성도 ... 316
• 1. 연구개발 목표 및 달성도 ... 316
• 2. 성과목표 및 연구성과 ... 317
• 제 2 절 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 328
• 1. 기술적 측면 ... 328
• 2. 경제․산업적 측면 ... 328
• 3. 사회․문화적 측면 ... 329
• 제 3 절 신뢰성 확보 및 실용화 계획 ... 331
• 1. 신뢰성 확보 ... 331
• 2. 실용화 계획 ... 331
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 332
• 제 1 절 선박평형수 처리 장치 기술 개발 및 IMO 심사 동향의 지속적 분석 ... 332
• 제 2 절 휴대용 선박평형수 처리유무 판별 모니터링 장치 개발 ... 332
• 제 3 절 선박평형수내 유해수중생물 식별 Kit 고도화 ... 333
• 제 4 절 선박탑재용 수중생물 자동 모니터링 장치 개발 ... 333
• 제 5 절 선상 선박평형수 처리설비의 효율성 평가 ... 334
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 336
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 338
• 끝페이지 ... 340