초록 ▼

최근 치어 포획량이 추세적으로 감소하고 있는 극동산 실장어 양식을 보완하고자 대안 민물장어 어종 중 한가지인 필리핀산 무태장어의 양식기술을 확립을 목표로 본 연구과제가 수행되었다.
- 무태장어 양식 온도별 3구간 (26, 29 및 32·℃)에서 성장단계별 급이율, 사료효율 등을 평가하였으며, 급이기간 동안의 수질변화 등을 측정하였다. 또한, 환수율과 사육수내 총암모니아 농도와의 관례를 검토하였으며, 저온에 대한 감수성을 평가하였다.
- 배합사료를 평가하기 위하여, 치어기, 육성기 장어에 대한 어분의 종류, 단백원 함량,

최근 치어 포획량이 추세적으로 감소하고 있는 극동산 실장어 양식을 보완하고자 대안 민물장어 어종 중 한가지인 필리핀산 무태장어의 양식기술을 확립을 목표로 본 연구과제가 수행되었다.
- 무태장어 양식 온도별 3구간 (26, 29 및 32·℃)에서 성장단계별 급이율, 사료효율 등을 평가하였으며, 급이기간 동안의 수질변화 등을 측정하였다. 또한, 환수율과 사육수내 총암모니아 농도와의 관례를 검토하였으며, 저온에 대한 감수성을 평가하였다.
- 배합사료를 평가하기 위하여, 치어기, 육성기 장어에 대한 어분의 종류, 단백원 함량, 지질함량 등 영양요구성을 평가하였다. 아울러, 증체율 및 사료효율의 개선을 목적으로 대체단백원의 효과 및 첨가제(천연물, 정어리펩타이드 등)의 효과 등이 검토되었다.
- 무태장어 양식현장의 평가를 통한 양식현황의 파악, 주요 어병 혹은 새로운 어병의 발생 여부 등을 조사하였으며, 아가미 흡층 등의 구제에 대한 연구를 수행하였다.

(출처 : 보고서 요약 3p)

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results
1. Status of marbled eel arrest and survey of domestic and foreign research

1. 1. Survey of elver arrest status in Philippines

Income of Philippines eels by the price of less than 1/20 (500 thousand won/kg - 1,500 thousand won/kg, about 6,000 elvers) was possible due to t

Ⅳ. Results
1. Status of marbled eel arrest and survey of domestic and foreign research

1. 1. Survey of elver arrest status in Philippines

Income of Philippines eels by the price of less than 1/20 (500 thousand won/kg - 1,500 thousand won/kg, about 6,000 elvers) was possible due to that Philippines have a wide coastal area and almost limitless cheap labor for elver arrest. The preoccupancy of informations about local arrest area of Philippines and season/time for arrest are needed, and through use of this information, domestic eel farmers are able to determine the time of purchase elvers. Also, it is considered that an accumulation of these informations canm contribute to occupying the upper hand in Philippines elver purchase in that there is competition between Korea, Japan and China.
Nevertheless, elver arrest and genetic analysis need a help of native guide due to unstable security in Philippines containing south Mindanao area, and thus we concluded that secure data on geograpical/seasonal distribution of glass eels is impossible without fulfillment of another project.

1. 2. Survey of elver arrest status in Indonesia

The export of Indonesia elvers are possible only at least 150g or more size of eel and exports of elvers are prohibited under the current law in Indonesia. Instead, eel farming industry of Korea, Japan and Taiwan entered to local area of Indonesia, and use a rich resource of glass are typical. Two kinds of main tropical eels Anguilla bicolor and Anguilla marmorata are distributed, and Anguilla japonica, preferred eels in domestic eel farming, was investigated as not distributed. Above two tropical eels are farmed in Korea as an alternative eel of A. japonica. Anguilla bicolor is arrested in all coast region bordering the Indian ocean of Indonesia southern area, especially, it is most caught at coast and mouth of river in October and January. A. marmorata is mostly caught in south pacific coast of northern Indonesia from April to July, August.

1. 3. Investigation of research or data relating on marbled eels

The research about tropical eels have been started with emerging a potential as a farming fish of tropical eels containing Marbled eel. Marbled eel and A. japonica are estimated to spawn in the same areas, but the distributions are different due to sensitivities on temperature and the impact of seasonal sea currents. Southeast asia eels are distinguished according to habitats, as tropical eels and temperate eels, and Genetic pattern of tropical eels and temperate has been found to be horizontal from genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic relationship between these eels. In addition, genetic evidence that A. japonica and A. bicolor are sibling species was not. Growth, temperature effects on diet and growth performance of Marbled eel and A. bicolor pacifica young eels were investigated. Culture temperature of Marbled eel and A. bicolor pacifica was evaluated to be managed for above 18 and 23℃, respectively. Maximum feed efficiency of Marbled eel and A. bicolor pacifica were 54.79 ± 7.54% and 71.35 ± 1.85%, respectively, specific growth rate was 1.19 ± 0.38 g/day and 2.63 ± 0.12 g/day, and growth performance of A. bicolor pacifica was better than marbled eel. Genetic distance was estimated through 16S ribosomal RNA analysis between subspecies within Anguilla (A. nebulosa, A. bicolor and A. australis). Genetic distance between subspecies of these three eel species was much smaller compared to that of marbled eel population, but a more detailed study on taxonomical relations of Anguilla was required. To identify 7 tropical eels (Anguilla celenesensis, A. interioris, A. nebulosa, A. marmorata, A, borneensis, A. bicolor bicolor and A. bicolor pacifica) and subspecies of these species in indonesian coast, one-step semi-multiplex (PCR) from cytochrome b and 16S ribosomal RNA was designed and using this, faster and simple method to distinguish eel species was established. From otolith analysis, life history pattern in sea water and fresh water of Marbled eel and A. bicolor pacifica in Vietnam was evaluated. Two tropical eels, as well as temperate eels, were capable of adapting in fresh water, sea water and brackish water zone. To develop marbled eels as farming fish, demand of protein and lipid content was evaluated. Average 2.3 g size of marbled eels and average 21.97 g size of marbled eels were required for more then 50% and 45% protein, respectively. Optimal ipid contents for average 7.52 g and 14.74 g size of marbled eels was evaluated as 8% (347 kcal/100g) in both size of eels.

2. Study on culture conditions

2. 1. Study on culture conditions from glass eels to young eels

By combinational analysis of growth rate and feed efficiency of Philippines marbled glass eels, growth of eels with 32 water temperature ℃ and 75% feed was best. And feed efficiency was highest in eels with 32℃ water temperature and 50% feed. However, growth rate in eels with 75%와 50% under 32℃ was not significantly different, and considering the economic aspects, it is considered that elver culture using 50% feed are favorable.
According to report "Farming technique development for European eels and North American eels" by Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 2000 year, It was reported that growth of European eels and North American eels was good at 27℃ water temprature, wheres Japanese eel was 29℃.

2. 2. Study on culture conditions from young eels to kuroku eels

As results about culture test for 3 g size of young eels, eels under 32℃ water temperature, among three water temperature tested, showed the best growth. Both eels with 75% feed and 100% feed under 32℃ are similar and did not show the significant difference. However, considering feed efficiency, it is estimated that 75% feed treatment for young eel culture is best conditon. The final survival rate was about 89 ~ 94%, and showed relatively stable viability alike glass eels of 1st year.

2. 3. Study on culture conditions from glass eels to young eels

Eels of 40 g were estimated for an establishment of culture conditions. As results, growth rate and feed efficiency of eels under 29℃ and 32℃ showed not significant differences, eels under the condition with 29℃ water temperature and 100% feed showed fast growth, from 40g/eel to 147.9g/eel., and eels under the condition with 32℃ water temperature and 100% feed also grew well, from 40g/eel to 146.6g/eel during test period. Eels with 26℃ showed lowest growth rate.
In summary, culture condition from glass eels to 3 g size of young eels was better in 32℃ water temperature and total 50% feed. Conditions for 3g ~ 30g size of eel culture was 32℃ and 70% feed. Growth rate and feed efficiency of eels more than 40 g were similar at 29℃ and 32℃ water temperature.

2. 4. Temperature test for culture

Mortality was only 35℃ for culture. The cause of mortality was observed to be due to damage in the skin. Skin lesions were also observed in 29℃, 31℃ and 33℃ eels, but the condition of the skin did not show any significant changes. Only fish at 35℃ was immediately died within one or two days after pathogenesis. Also, it has been observed that the movement of marbled eels decreased after feed intake, and further marbled eels at 35℃ was not moved and gathered in the center tank bottom. Feed efficiency (80.1 ± 0.5%) was highest at 31℃, and growth rate (48.0 ± 0.3%)was also highest at 31℃. Given the result of above rearing experiments, it was concluded that optimal temperature for young eels was 31~32℃ range.
In the meantime, A. japonica, a temperate eels, enters the hibernation when water temperature decreased to zero. The experiment that water temperature fell 2℃ by one week intervals was carried out. Eels showed a relative vigorous movement in 24℃, but feeding acitivity was slowing. At 20℃, swimming ability reduced and at 15℃, mortality started and almost all test fishes died within 30 days. The viable water temperature of marbled eel is estimated to be 18℃ and it was investigated that water temperature in less than 18 ℃ affect viability of marbled eels.

2. 5. Evaluation on exchanges of breeding water

In Anguilla marmorata culture, to test the necessity of raceway culture, feed efficiency and growth rate were evaluated in one pond culture and 3 raceway cultures with 3 different water flow rate. And some physiochemical factors are also analyzed during the same culture experiments. As result, feed efficiency (100% water exchange/day, 14.9%; 250% water exchange/day, 11.8%; 500% water exchange/day, 39.3%) and growth rate (100% water exchange/day, 3.7%; 250% water exchange/day, 3.2%; 500% water exchange/day, 13.6%) was approximately proportional to water injection rate. However, weight gain was rarely in pond culture (10% water exchange/day) and dead fish was increased during culture period, almost all numbers of eel was died after three weeks culture. In changes of physiochemical factors (pH; dissolved oxygen, D.O.; total ammonia concentration) in water during culture, pH was not changed in all raceway cultures (7), but pH was reduced to 5.5 only in pond culture. D.O was not changed in all culture tanks (~7.8 mg/L), and total ammonia concentration was little changed in all raceway cultures but it was increased with culture times in pond culture, finally led to 20 ppm after 3 weeks. In the meantime, A. marmorata began to die from 8 ppm NH3-N in water, and thenumbers of dead eels were inversely correlated with the increase of total ammonia concentration in water.

3. Evaluation of nutritional demands

3. 1. Evaluation of nutritional demands of elver

The nutritional demands of marbled glass eel culture was evaluated. Both growth rate (WGR) and feed efficiency (FE) increased significantly in propotion to an increase in protein content of diets. The growth is best in 55% diet with crude protein content, and diets with 9% lipid contents were superior significantly than diets with 5% lipid contents. From these results, it is concluded that diet with higher protein content are favorable in marbled elver culture, and also concluded that about diet with 8% lipid contents are better in growth of elver culture.

3. 2. Evaluation of nutritional demands of younger eels

The demands protein contents in younger marbled eel culture was evaluated. The experiment was performed by feeding diets with 40% ∼ 65% crude protein contents for 6 weeks. Both growth rate (78.0 ± 0.4%) and feed efficiency (45.2 ± 1.8%) were highest values in diet with 55% crude protein contents. Lowest growth rate (71.7 ± 1.8%) was diet with 65% crude protein, and lowest feed efficiency (42.5 ± 3.0%) was eels fed diet 55% crude protein. However, it is difficult to determine optimal crude protein concentration for marbled eel culture, because the difference between diet with 40% crude protein and diet with 55% crude protein was only 2.7%. In conclusion, although relative high concentration of crude protein content, diet with 55% crude protein was superior, the difference was not significant compared to diet with other protein contents. Survival rates (SR) during experimental periods were 100% in all experimental tanks.
The contents of proximate components between eels fed diets with various protein contents were evaluated. Crude protein contents (20.3 ± 0.45%) in eels fed diet with 50% crude protein showed highest value, but the difference between diets with any other crude protein contents was not significant.

3. 3. Evaluation of nutritional demands in growing stage of eels

The crude protein demands in growing stage of marbled eels was evaluated. Weight gain rate (WGR), feed efficiency (FE) and specific growth rate (SGR) were highest in eels fed diet with 46% protein contents, and however, protein efficiency ratio (PER) was the highest in in eels fed diet with 43% protein content. Weight gain rate (WGR) and specific grwoth rate SGR) were in the order of diets with 46% > 43% > 49% > 52% = 40% > 55%, and experimental diet with 46% crude protein was better significantly than diets with other concentration of protein. Survival rate (SR) during experiment was 100% in all the same. The comparison of protein efficiency ration (PER), diet with 43% crude protein was a little bit higher than that of diet with 43% crude protein, however, there was not significant difference(P<0.05).
The lipid demands in growing stage of marbled eels was evaluated. Weight gain rate (WGR), feed efficiency (FE) and specific growth rate (SGR) were highest in diet with 13% crude lipids in which 8% lipids added to control diet. Survival rate (SR) during experiment was 100% in all the same.

3. 4. Oil additives

To compare the effects of oil additives in diet for young marbled eel culture, growth performance of eels fed diet with each 10% of pollack oil (PLOD), squid liver oil (SLOD), soybean oil (SOD), olive oil (OOD), perilla oil (POD) and linseed oil (LOD) for 6 weeks was evaluated. In comparison of growth rate, LOD (115.1 ± 5.2%), SLOD (96.1 ± 6.3%), POD (84.1 ± 3.3%), OOD (66.1 ± 5.1%), PLOD (55.9 ± 3.7%) and SOD (54.5 ± 5.0%) were in the order with significant differences (P<0.05). However, growth rates of eels fed PLOD and SOD did not show significant differences (P>0.05). Feed efficiencies (FE) were in the order LOD (95 ± 2.8%), SLOD (96.1 ± 6.3%), POD (84.1 ± 3.3%), OOD (65.3 ± 3.9%), SOD (55.2 ± 5.0%) and PLOD (51.8 ± 2.3%) with significant differences (P<0.05), similar to growth rate. In the contrary, dry feed efficiency (DFI) were in the order of LOD (204.9 ± 6.6 g), SLOD (182.0 ± 7.4 g), POD (180.8 ± 7.2 g), PLOD (179.4 ± 8.6 g), SOD (169.3 ± 4.8%) and OOD (169.0 ± 7.1%).
In comparison on proximate components of eels fed diet with additive oils, moisture contents and crude protein contents did not show the significant differences (P>0.05). However, Crude lipids contents was in the order PLOD (10.0 ± 0.3%), SLOD (9.7 ± 0.2%), SOD (9.7 ± 0.2%), LOD (8.8 ± 0.1%) and OOD (8.8 ± 0.3%), those of eels fed diet with pollack oil, squid liver oil and soybean oil as additives were significantly higher than those of eels fed diets with olive oil and linseed oil. Ash content did not show a significant difference between diets with additiv oils. In evaluation of vitamin A(V_A) and E of tested eels, there were significant differences between those of eels fed diets with additive oils, V_A(mg/100 g, dry wt) was in the order OOD (4.5 ± 0.3), SLOD (1.9 ± 0.1), LOD (0.4 ± 0.0), SLOD (0.3 ± 0.0), PLOD (0.3 ± 0.0) and POD (0.3 ± 0.0), and eels fed diets with olive oil and soybean oil showed highest values. Eels fed diet with squid liver oil, pollack oil and perilla oil showed almost same contents. V_E (g/100g, drywt) was also in the order PLOD (0.26 ± 0.0), LOD (0.24 ± 0.0), SLOD (0.24 ± 0.0), POD (0.16 ± 0.0), SOD (0.03 ± 0.0) and OOD (0.01 ± 0.0), and there were a significant differences between contents of eels fed diet with additive oils, like V_A..
In analysis of fatty acids, saturated fatty acid contents was in the order PLOM > SLOM > SOM > OOM > POM > LOM, and the difference was not great, however the order of fatty acid content ratio in eels and additive oils was the same. Unsaturated fatty acid contents was much higher in eels fed diet with olive oil (60%) and pollack oil (52.4%) than those of eels fed diet with other additive oils (42 % ~ 46%). 6 fatty acids contents was higher ω in eels fed SOM (19.4%) and LOM (9.1%) than those of ees fed other diets (3.1% ~ 6.3%), this also resembled the high ω6 fatty acids contents of soybean oil and (53.3%) and linseed oil (16.7%). ω3 fatty acids contents was in the order LOM (26.9%), POM (25.2%), SLOM (19.6%), PLOM (13.1%), SOM (1.2%) or OOM (9.0%) and reflected thorder of ω3 fatty acids contents of each oils.

3. 5. Natural additive (I)

Growth performance of marbled eels fed control diet and control diet added with 5% green leaf powder as an additive was evaluated. In diet experiment 1 in which lipid contents of both diet was 12 %, growth rate and feed efficiency of eels fed diet with 5% green leaf powder decreased compared to those of eels fed control diet. Meanwhile, in diet experiment 2 in which lipid contents of both diet was about 8 %, growth rate and feed efficiency of eels fed diet with 5% green leaf powder decreased similarly compared to those of eels fed control diet. Especially, differences in growth rate and feed efficiency between both experiments (experiment 1, diet with high fat contents; experiment 2, diet with general fat contents) was prominent in higher fat diet than lower fat diet.
In comparison of proximate components of eel flesh, crude lipid contents and calorie of eel fed diet with green leaf powder were low significantly (P<0.05) than those of eels fed control diet. In comparison of fatty acids compositions, The decrease of unsaturated fatty acid in eels fed diet with green leaf powder was noticeable, compared to that of eel fed control diet. Especially, the decrease of highly unsaturated fatty acids in eels fed diet with green leaf powder (mono unsaturated fatty acids, 59.4%; highly unsaturated fatty acids, 2.0%) was very noticeable compared to that in eel fed control diet (mono unsaturated fatty acids, 54.0%; highly unsaturated fatty acids, 12.2%).

3. 6. Natural additive (II)

Growth rate and feed efficiency between eels fed control diet and eels fed diet with 5% Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor powder were evaluated. In diet experiment 1 in which lipid contents of both diet was 12 %, growth rate and feed efficiency of eels fed diet with 5% Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor powder tendet to increase compared to those of eels fed control diet. Similarly, in diet experiment 2 in which lipid contents of both diet was about 8 %, growth rate and feed efficiency of eels fed diet with 5% Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor powder increased compared to those of eels fed control diet.
The content of proximate components between eels fed control diet and eels fed diet with 5% Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor powder were no significant differences. Three were also no significant changes in fatty acid compositions, except that myristic acid(C14:0, control, 4.5%; treatment, 4.2%), linolenic aicd (C18:3n3, control, 0.6%; treatment, 0.8%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3, control, 2.9%; treatment, 3.2%) showed the somewhat differences between eel fed control diet and eels fed with 5% Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor powder.

3. 7. Evaluation on alternative protein sources

The potential and drawback of three alternative protein sources (fermented soybean meal, squid liver powder and corn gluten meal) in marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata) culture were evaluated. Contents of both crude protein and essential amino acids in all three kinds of alternative protein sources were lower than those of fish meal, and with the exception of squid liver powder, crude fat contents also were considerably lower than fish meal. In growth performance on three kinds of diets having 10% alternative protein sources (fermented soybean meal, FSM; squid liver powder, SLP; corn gluten meal, CGM) compared to control (100% fish meal as protein sourece, TFM), weight growth rate were in the order TFM (85.2±1.6%) > FSM (67.6±1.3%) SLP (65.4±3.4%) > CGM (58.1±≧ 58.1%), and feed efficiency were in the order TFM (87.7±0.9%) > SLP (75.3±2.6%) ≧ CGM (72.9±3.0%) > FSM (66.8±1.6%), suggesting that it is difficult to replace the feed efficiency as these alternative protein sources. However, the feed intake which means the palatability were in the order FSM (101.9±1.5 g) ≧ TFM (99.4±2.3 g) > SLP (87.3±3.8 g) ≧ CGM (80.5±5.9 g), and showed the potential of fermented soybean meal as an alternative protein source. In the meantime, lysine and methionine, that added to the FSM to try to overcome the reduction in feed efficiency, was found to rather inhibit the growth performance in proportion to the concentration.

3. 8. Sardine peptide as a additive

As a result on feeding diet with sardine peptide as a additive in marbled eel culture for 4 weeks, both growth rate and feed efficiency of diet with sardine peptide was better than control diet. Growth rate (52.0 ± 3.3%) of eels fed diet with sardine peptide was better significantly than that (60.2 ± 4.1%) of eel fed control diet. Feed efficiency (51.6 ± 3.6%) of eels fed diet with sardine peptide was also better significantly than that (44.8 ± 2.4%) of eel fed control diet.
Proximate components, amino acids composition of whole eel body between eels fed diet with sardine peptide and eels fed control diet did not significant differences.

4. Field survey and a study for disease management

The field survey was carried out to the commercial eel farms culturing transplanted southeastern asian eels. The season of glass eels transplant was January to November yearly. The quantity of the transplantation were 20∼100kg and seed numbers per kg was 6,000 individuals. Weight per individual was 0.17 g and prices per kg was different from 1,000 to 3,500 thousand won. The culturing density of transplanted glass eel was differ from 350 to 4,450 individuals per m² according to system of cuture but no difference in the locationally. The seed transplantation of each culture system were pond culture system was 430 individuals and Recirculating Filter system was 2,696 individuals.
Feed for glass eel was supplied from five to ten fold of body weght, frosted eggs of cods in the some fish farms. Mixing of feed for glass eel and powder feed was suplied from three to five days, powder feed was supplied from ten day to thirty day with five to ten folds of fish body weight. Kuroko feed were supplied excessive thirty days after directly supplied feeds for adult. Feed efficiency was lower from sixty to eighty percents compared that of Japanese eel.
Feeds were supplied 70% of levels in fish farms mostly the basis of feeding rates of Japanese eel. A sort of feed were EP or powder then the trends were increased fish farms suppling EP feed. Culturing water temperature was higher than japanese eel from 29 to 31℃, and pH was from 5 to 6, Dissolved oxygen was maintained from 8 to 10.
The isolated bacteria from the kidney and liver of eel that showing similar symptoms edwardsiellosis, was identified Edwardsiella tarda presented 93.9% of identity used API kit 20E. The bacteria presented specific characteristics that was not revealed black pigment on the SS Agar plate. The antibiotic sensitivity test of two strains are following. Two strains were same sensitivity to the three kinds of antibiotics including Florfenicol, but resistant to another ten antibiotics. Three types of Edwardsiella sp. were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA Sequencing. TypeⅠ is isolated from the flounder that is marine fish and type Ⅱ is isolated from the eel and the last type Ⅲ is isolated from the marine fish included red sea bream further including E. ictaluri. The result of present investigation certified distinguished two species in eel. The bacterial solution of Edwardsiella tarda was intraperitoneal injected and observed revealed same symptoms and mortality rate for two weeks. In first test, four days after intraperitoneal injection of bacteria, fish were dead started subsequently 80% of mortality rate documented in the 10th day lastly and since then mortality is noy observed.. Second test was carried out Japanese eels (body weight 140∼150g) were injected and the mortality rate presented 80% lastly. In third test, the bacterial injection was to the same size of A. marmorata but no mortality. These results were explained that difference of resistance to specific pathogenic bacteria would related to between the difference of species of eel.

5. An evaluation of nutritive compounds in fresh water eels farmed domestically

The basic and main nutritive ingredients of two temperature (Anguilla japonica and A.rostrata) and two tropical (A. bicolor pacifica and A. marmorata) fresh water eel species that are farmed domestically were evaluated. With exception of A. rostrata, eels cultured at the same farm were used for analysis. The contents of crude protein were in the order A. marmorata (17.7%) > A.rostrata (17.5%) > A. bicolor pacifica (17.4%) > A. japonica (15.8%) and the contents of crude lipids were A.japonica (21.5%) > A.rostrata (15.4%) > A. bicolor pacifica (10.5%) > A. marmorata (8.9%). These values differed significantly even among the three species of eel farmed under identical culture conditions. In comparison, al four species of eel showed similar pattern in overall amino acid composition, although slight differences in the compositions of some amino acids were observed. The fatty acid compositions of muscle tissues were notably different among four species of eel, especially between the tropical and temperature eels. In a taste-test of the meat of the four eel species, which considered taste, flavor and texture, the overall preference was in the order A. japonica, A. marmorata, A. bicolor pacifica and A. rostrata.

6. Economic evaluation

From economic evaluation on domestic farming marbled eel (A. marmorata), mature eel of 82.5 ton was produced in 500 pyeong size of water ponds. Crude margin 1,8 billion won, production cost 1.0 billion won and net income 750 million won were investigated, respectively. Earning rate was estimated as 41%. However, because commercial farming for only marbled eel did not cultivate during doing this project, unlike A. bicolor pacifica eel, to perform the statistical and systematic analysis was difficult, and it is estimated to require more systematic and large scale of economical analysis.

(출처 : SUMMARY 31p)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 보고서 요약서 ... 3
• 요 약 문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 25
• 목차 ... 44
• Contents ... 47
• 표목차 ... 50
• List of tables ... 54
• 그림목차 ... 60
• List of figures ... 63
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 67
• 제 1 절 배 경 ... 67
• 제 2 절 연구 범위 ... 69
• 1. 사육기술개발 ... 69
• 2. 배합사료 개발 연구 ... 69
• 3. 무태장어(A. marmorata) 질병 모니터링 및 대책 ... 69
• 4. 경제성 평가 및 기술 보급 ... 70
• 제 3 절 연구 필요성 ... 71
• 1. 기술적 연구개발의 필요성 ... 71
• 2. 경제 산업적 연구개발의 필요성 ... 71
• 제 2 장 국내외 연구개발 현황 ... 73
• 제 1 절 국내 연구개발 현황 ... 73
• 1. 학술논문 ... 73
• 2. 특허 ... 75
• 제 2 절 국외 연구개발 현황 ... 76
• 1. 학술논문 ... 76
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 78
• 제 1절 필리핀산 무태장어 치어채포현황 및 연구환경 조사 ... 78
• 1. 무태장어 관련 자료조사 ... 78
• 2. 필리핀 현지 실장어 채포현황 조사 ... 92
• 3. 인도네시아 현지 실장어 채포현황 및 현지 양식현황 조사 ... 95
• 제 2 절 양성연구 ... 100
• 2. 1. 실장어에서 새끼장어까지 양성기술 연구 ... 100
• 2. 2. 새끼장어에서 검둥장어까지 양성기술연구 ... 114
• 2. 3. 검둥장어에서 성어까지 양성기술연구 ... 126
• 2.4. 사육 수온에 대한 평가 ... 139
• 3. 5. 사육수의 환수율 및 수질원에 대한 평가 ... 142
• 제 3 절 무태장어의 영양요구성 평가 ... 150
• 3.1. 치어(백자) 영양요구성 평가 ... 150
• 3.2. 어린장어 영양요구성 평가 ... 155
• 3.3. 육성어 영양요구성 평가 ... 163
• 3.4. 첨가유 평가 ... 172
• 3. 5. 천연물 첨가제 평가 I ... 188
• 3. 6. 천연물 첨가제 평가 II ... 200
• 3. 7. 어분대체 단백원 평가 ... 212
• 3. 8. 정어리펩티드 효과 평가 ... 230
• 제 4 절 현장평가 및 질병관리연구 ... 240
• 4. 1. 1 년차 현장평가 및 질병파악 보고 ... 240
• 4. 2. 2년차 필리핀 산 장어 양식실태조사 및 질병연구 ... 252
• 4. 3. 3년차 필리핀 산 장어 양식실태조사 및 질병연구 ... 272
• 제 5 절 국내 양식어종별 영양성분의 평가 ... 283
• 5.1. 서론 ... 283
• 5.2. 재료 및 방법 ... 284
• 4.3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 286
• 제 6 절 무태장어 양식의 경제성 평가 ... 296
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 297
• 제1절 목표달성도 ... 297
• 제2절 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 300
• 제 5 장 연구개발 성과 및 활용계획 ... 302
• 제1절 연구개발성과 ... 302
• 1. 학회발표 ... 302
• 2. 논문 ... 313
• 3. 특허 ... 320
• 4. 홍보자료 ... 325
• 5. 기술지도 ... 329
• 제2절 성과활용계획 ... 333
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 334
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 335
• 끝페이지 ... 347