[보고서]원전 니켈합금 부식균열 평가 및 예측모델 개발

황성식

원전 니켈합금 부식균열 평가 및 예측모델 개발
Evaluation and model development of corrosion cracking of Ni base alloys for nuclear power plants 원문보기

보고서 정보
주관연구기관	한국원자력연구원 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
연구책임자	황성식
참여연구자	임연수 , 김동진 , 김성우 , 최민재 , 임경수 , 김성수 , 김홍표 , 정용환
보고서유형	1단계보고서
발행국가	대한민국
언어	한국어
발행년월	2015-05
과제시작연도	2014
주관부처	미래창조과학부 Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
등록번호	TRKO201800009445
과제고유번호	1711010861
사업명	원자력기술개발사업
DB 구축일자	2018-05-26
키워드	개선인자.니켈합금.민감 요인.부식균열.전열관.Alloy 600.Alloy 690.Corrosion cracking.Factor of improvement.Ni base alloy.Steam generator tubing.
DOI	https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201800009445

초록 ▼

￭연구개발 목표
- 니켈합금의 균열 민감요인 및 평가 신기술 개발
• Alloy 690 PWSCC 민감요인 및 개선인자 평가
- Alloy 690 모재/용접부 재료 및 응력인자 특성평가
- PWSCC 민감요인 도출 및 평가기법 개발
- Alloy 690 부식균열 민감요인별 PWSCC 시험
- PWSCC 기구기반 민감요인 적절성 평가
- Alloy 600 대비 PWSCC 개선인자 평가 및 적용성 검증
- PWSCC 부식균열 저감 방안 도출
• Alloy 690 ODSCC 민감요인 및 개선인자 평가
- ODSCC 민감요인 도출 및 평가기법 개발
- Alloy 690 전열관의 염기성분위기 ODSCC 특성평가
- Alloy 690 전열관 ODSCC 및 전기화학시험
- ODSCC 기구기반 민감요인 적절성 평가
- Alloy 690 ODSCC 개선인자 평가 및 검증
- ODSCC 부식균열 저감 첨가제 영향평가

(출처 : 보고서 요약서 3p)

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results of Research
1. Evaluation of PWSCC susceptibility and FOI of Alloy 690
A. Evaluation of microstructure and stress in weldment of Alloy 690 and weld metals
- Fabrication of weld mockup consisted of two kinds of Alloy 690 and weld metals
- Analysis of microstructure and tensile tests of base metal, HAZ, and weld metals of the weld mockup
- 2-D and 3-D finite element analysis of residual stress and strain in Alloy 690 CRDM nozzle of RPV head
B. Evaluation of PWSCC susceptibility factor and accelerated test method
- Susceptibility factors of intragranular carbide band and residual strain by cold working
- Quantification method of local residual strain by EBSD with the aid of micro-hardness test
- Establishment of EN-DCPD method to monitor localized corrosion cracking in high temperature and pressure environment
C. PWSCC test as a function of PWSCC susceptibility factor
- Evaluation of PWSCC resistance of weld mockups consisted of two kinds of Alloy 690 base metals
- Confirmation of PWSCC of HAZ and weld in TG mode, and increased tensile strength of weld than base metal
- Evaluation of PWSCC CGR of cold-rolled Alloy 690 having inhomogeneous microstructure by using DCPD method
D. Verification of PWSCC susceptibility factor based on its mechanism
- Verification of residual stress and plastic strain by finite element analysis of Alloy 690 weld mockup
- Finite element analysis of change in stress and strain in CT specimens pulled out from the weld mockup
- Relationship between intragranular carbide band and residual strain by EBSD analysis
E. Establishment of FOI of Alloy 690 PWSCC with respect to Alloy 600
- Evaluation of FOI of as-received and 20% cold-rolled Alloy 690 as 8.29 and 200, respectively
- Mechanism of PWSCC growth in cold-rolled Alloy 690 with inhomogeneous microstructure
F. Mitigation strategy of Alloy 690 against PWSCC
- Evaluation of surface oxide properties and PWSCC CGR of Alloy 690
- Calculation of thermal activation energy of PWSCC CGR of Alloy 690
- EBSD analysis of improved residual strain by 65% in cold-rolled Alloy 690 after strain-relieving heat treatment

2. Evaluation of ODSCC susceptibility and FOI of Alloy 690
A. Evaluation of ODSCC susceptibility factor and accelerated test method
- Evaluation of ODSCC susceptibility factor in lead contaminated solution
- Development of test method of PbSCC with various susceptibility factors
B. Evaluation of ODSCC of Alloy 690 tubing in the caustic environment
- ODSCC of Alloy 690 with and without Pb in mild alkali and caustic environment
- Evaluation of ODSCC resistance of Alloy 690 with and without Pb in caustic environments with various pH conditions
C. Electrochemical tests of ODSCC of Alloy 690 tubing
- Comparison of ODSCC resistance of Alloy 690 to Alloy 600 in the leaded caustic environment
- Potentiostatic polarization test of Alloy 690 ODSCC with and without Pb in different dissolved oxygen contents
D. Verification of ODSCC susceptibility factor based on its mechanism
- Analysis of ODSCC susceptibility based on mixed potential theory for Alloy 690
- Verification of ODSCC susceptibility factor of Alloy 690 with respect to Alloy 600
D. Establishment of FOI of Alloy 690 ODSCC with respect to Alloy 600
- Quantitative analysis of ODSCC susceptibility of Alloy 690
- Establishment of FOI of Alloy 690 in different environments, and confirmation of FOI of Alloy 600TT with respect to Alloy 600MA
F. Effect of corrosion inhibitors for ODSCC of Alloy 690
- Evaluation of inhibiting efficiency of NiB and CeB₆ for Alloy 690 using SSRT and RUB tests

(출처 : SUMMARY 12p)

목차 Contents

표지 ... 1
제 출 문 ... 2
보고서 요약서 ... 3
요 약 문 ... 4
SUMMARY ... 11
CONTENTS ... 16
목차 ... 18
표목차 ... 20
그림목차 ... 21
제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 26
제 2 장 연구개발의 국내외 현황 ... 27
제 1 절 Alloy 690 PWSCC 연구 현황 ... 27
1. Alloy 690 모재의 PWSCC ... 27
2. Alloy 690/52, 152 HAZ의 PWSCC ... 30
3. Alloy 52, 152 용접재의 PWSCC ... 31
제 2 절 Alloy 690 ODSCC 연구현황 ... 35
1. Alloy 690 ODSCC 국외 연구 현황 ... 36
2. Alloy 690 ODSCC 국내 연구 현황 ... 41
제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 45
제 1 절 Alloy 690 PWSCC 민감요인 및 개선인자 평가 ... 45
1. Alloy 690 모재/용접부 재료 및 응력인자 특성평가 ... 45
2. PWSCC 민감요인 도출 및 평가기법 개발 ... 52
3. Alloy 690 부식균열 민감요인별 PWSCC 시험 ... 65
4. PWSCC 기구기반 민감요인 적절성 평가 ... 73
5. Alloy 600 대비 PWSCC 개선인자 평가 및 적용성 검증 ... 80
6. PWSCC 부식균열 저감 첨가제 영향평가 ... 92
제 2 절 Alloy 690 ODSCC 민감요인 및 개선인자 평가 ... 104
1. ODSCC 민감요인 도출 및 평가기법 개발 ... 104
2. Alloy 690 전열관의 염기성분위기 ODSCC 특성평가 ... 114
3. ODSCC 민감요인 도출 및 평가기법 개발 ... 121
4. ODSCC 기구기반 민감요인 적절성 평가 ... 124
5. Alloy 690 ODSCC 개선인자 평가 및 검증 ... 127
6. ODSCC 부식균열 저감 첨가제 영향평가 ... 135
제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 139
제 1 절 연도별 목표 및 달성도 ... 139
제 2 절 관련분야 기술발전에의 기여도 ... 142
제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 143
제 1 절 Alloy 690 PWSCC 민감요인 및 개선인자 평가 ... 143
제 2 절 Alloy 690 ODSCC 민감요인 및 개선인자 평가 ... 146
제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 147
제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 148
끝페이지 ... 152

표/그림 (116)

표 PWSCC CGR data of Alloy 690
표 Banding microstructure of Alloy 690
표 Effect of cold working on PWSCC CGR of Alloy 690TT
표 Plot of PWSCC CGR of Alloy 690 with various K values
표 Effect of temperature on CGR of Alloy 600 base metal and HAZ
표 (a) Specimen configuration of Alloy 690, and (b) PWSCC CGR vs. K of Alloy 690 base metal and HAZ
표 Variation of plastic strain of Alloy 690 across weld interface
표 PWSCC CGR data of Alloy 52 and 152 weld metals
표 SCC rate of Alloy 600 and 690 weld metals with various Cr contents
표 CGR vs. K of Alloy 52 and 152
표 CGR vs. K of Alloy 152
표 Maximum depth of cracking in mils of single u-bend specimen of Ni-Cr-Fe alloys exposed for 8 weeks to deaerated water at 316℃ contaminated with metallic lead powder
표 PbSCC of Alloy 690TT
표 SCC resistance of Alloy 690TT at various pH
표 Relationship between Pb content and SCC susceptibility
표 Summary of the C-ring test result.
표 Comparison of the stress corrosion cracking resistance.
표 Comparison of the stress corrosion cracking resistance.
표 PbSCC susceptibilities of various Ni-base alloys.
표 Chemical compositions of EPRI Alloy 690 welds
표 Chemical compositions of GA Alloy 690 welds
표 Microstructures and carbide precipitations in the EPRI and GA Alloy 690 base metals
표 Carbide precipitations and their related chromium depletions around grain boundaries in EPRI and GA Alloy 690 base metals.
표 YSs, UTSs and elongations of test specimens obtained from EPRI and GA alloy welds
표 Von Mises stress contour around the Alloy 690 CRDM nozzle and its J-groove weld using 2-D FE model.
표 Von Mises stress contour around the Alloy 690 CRDM nozzle and its J-groove weld using 3-D FE model
표 Banding microstructure of Alloy 690.
표 Phase diagram of Ni-Cr
표 Phase diagram of Ni-Cr of alloy melt with enrichment of C and Cr, and depletion of Fe
표 Schematic diagram of orientation relation among crack growth direction,cold rolling direction, and carbide banding
표 Microstructure of (a) forged bar (heat no. 135264) and (b) hot-extruded pipe
표 Chemical composition of Alloy 690 materials used in this work
표 Photographs of test block of Alloy 690 materials before and after cold-rolling
표 Test condition of 1D cold rolling for Alloy 690 materials
표 Test materials used in this work.
표 Photographs of cold-rolled Alloy 690 with carbide banding.
표 (a) Micro-hardness test results of cold-rolled Alloy 690, and (b) photograph of indented surface
표 IPF images of cold-rolled Alloy 690 measured by EBSD (x300).
표 KAM maps of cold-rolled Alloy 690 measured by EBSD (x300).
표 PWSCC CGR test facility equipped with EN-DCPD devices.
표 PSD plots of EN measured at various test conditions.
표 Time record of EN measured from CT specimen at various loading conditions
표 PSD plots of EN measured from CT specimen at various loading conditions.
표 EN-DCPD analysis procedure and Weibull plots of EN-DCPD at various loading conditions.
표 SEM micrographs of cracked surface of CT specimen after EN-DCPD test.
표 The locations and orientations of the plate and tensile specimens in (a) EPRI Alloy 690/152 and (b) GA Alloy 690/152 welds.
표 Dimensions of the (a) tensile specimen and (b) plate specimen for analysis of surface oxide layer.
표 PWSCC cracks in the Alloy 690 base metal, HAZ and Alloy 182 weld metal.
표 Cracking behaviors around the heat affected zone of Alloy 690/152 weld.
표 SEM images showing the surface oxides formed in the EPRI Alloy 690/152 weld.
표 GI-XRD peaks observed from the base metal and weld metal of EPRI and GA Alloy 690/152 welds.
표 SEM cross sectional views of the surface oxide layers formed on the Alloy 690 base metal and Alloy 152 weld metal.
표 Orientation of 1/2T CT specimen.
표 PWSCC CGR vs. K of cold-rolled Alloy 690
표 Fractographs of (a) cross-section of PWSCC crack, (b) cracked surface with TG mode, and (c) crack surface with IG model.
표 Von Mises stress and equivalent strain relaxation due to extraction of CT specimen
표 (a) IPF image and (b) KAM map measured from 20% cold-rolled Alloy 690 with carbide band (x300).
표 PQ images of cold-rolled Alloy 690 (x2,500).
표 KAM maps of cold-rolled Alloy 690 (x2,500).
표 (a) PQ images, and (b) KAM maps of 20% cold-rolled Alloy 690 (x2,500).
표 Relation between Averaged KAM and thickness reduction ratio of Alloy 690 materials with homogeneous and inhomogeneous microstructure.
표 SEM cross sectional views of surface oxide layers on the Alloy 600/182 and Alloy 690/152 welds
표 Locations of TEM specimen’s pick up and TEM images of the surface oxide layers on the Alloy 600/182 and Alloy 690/152 welds
표 TEM/EDS chemical composition maps of surface oxides formed on the Alloy 600 base metal.
표 TEM/EDS chemical composition maps of surface oxides formed on the Alloy 600 base metal, 182 weld metal and Alloy 690 base metal
표 Variation of chemical compositions across the surface oxide layers of the Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 based metal
표 Comparison of the present result on the surface oxide layer of Alloy 600 base metal with other’s result.
표 SEM cross sectional views of surface grain boundaries in the Alloy 600/182 and Alloy 690/152 welds
표 TEM/EDS chemical composition maps around surface grain boundaries in the Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 base metals
표 Comparison of the present result on the grain boundary diffusion of oxygen in the Alloy 600 base metal with other’s result.
표 PWSCC and CF CGR of Alloy 690 and 600 materials at varioius K values.
표 Surface images on the (a) EPRI Alloy 690/152 and (b) GA Alloy 690/152 taken after PWSCC test with a hydrogen concentration of 5 cc/kg H2O.
표 GI-XRD peaks by surface oxide structures formed on Ni-base alloys during PWSCC test in the dissolved hydrogen concentration of 5 cc/kg H2O
표 Surface oxide structures formed on Ni-base alloys after PWSCC test in the dissolved hydrogen concentration of 5 cc/kg H2O.
표 Surface oxide structures formed on Ni-base alloys after PWSCC test in the dissolved hydrogen concentration of 30 cc/kg H2O.
표 PWSCC and CF CGR of Alloy 690 and 600 materials at various K values.
표 Arhenius plots of PWSCC CGR of Alloy 690 materials.
표 Optical micrograph of as-received (left) and 40% cold-rolled Alloy 690 (right) after strain relieving thermal treatment at 720℃ for 1h.
표 Optical micrograph of as-received (left) and 40% cold-rolled Alloy 690 (right)after strain relieving thermal treatment at 500℃ for 10h.
표 KAM maps of cold-rolled Alloy 690 and 600 materials after SR thermal treatment by EBSD (x300).
표 KAM maps of cold-rolled Alloy 690 and 600 materials after SR thermal treatment by EBSD (x2,500).
표 Averaged KAM values of cold-rolled Alloy 690 materials after SR thermal treatment
표 Water chemistry change of PWR secondary side
표 Examples of Pb detection in steam generator
표 pH dependency of crack growth rate for Alloy 600MA with/without Pb.
표 SCC susceptibility of Alloy 690 with the Pb concentration.
표 (a) Maximum crack depth of STUB and C-ring specimens made of Alloy 600 and Alloy 690, (b) ATEM image of transgranular stress corrosion crack of Alloy 690 exposed to Pb contaminated environment.
표 Comparison of SCC resistance with alloy.
표 SCC susceptibility as functions of the alloy and Pb addition in alkaline solution using RUB specimen
표 pH dependency of PbSCC for various alloys.
표 Comparison of SCC depth, polarization cureve and weight loss for Alloy 690 and Alloy 800
표 (a) Polarization curves, (b) anodic current density with the Pb concentration for Alloy 690, (c) polarization curve and (d)oxide hardness for Cr with the Pb addition.
표 Summary of worldwide PbSCC evaluating method for Alloy 690.
표 TEM-EDS results for oxide on Alloy 690 during 14 day immersion at 315℃ in deaerated 0.1M NaOH (a) without Pb and (b) with Pb
표 Stress strain curves obtained in 10wt% NaOH with Pb and without Pb at 315℃ for Alloy 690
표 E-pH diagram at 315℃ and pH range attainable (shaded area) in the crevice
표 Stress strain curves obtained in 1M NaOH with Pb and without Pb at 315℃ for Alloy 690.
표 Stress strain curves obtained in 0.5M NaOH with Pb and without Pb at 315℃ for Alloy 690.
표 Summary of SCC test results for Alloy 690.
표 Side surface image obtained after SSRT test in 0.5M NaOH with Pb and without Pb at 315℃ for Alloy 690.
표 Stress strain curves obtained in 0.1M NaOH as a function of PbO content at 315℃ for Alloy 600.
표 SCC ratio vs. NaOH concentration for Alloy 690 and Alloy 600 obtained from SSRT
표 Polarization curves for Alloy 690 in 0.1M NaOH with/without PbO and dissolved oxygen at 315℃.
표 Schematic polarization curves for metal electrode where hydrogen evolution occurs as cathodic reaction.
표 Schematic anodic and cathodic reactions occurring on Alloy 690 surface in a solution with lead.
표 Fracture surface after SSRT and design of SSRT specimen.
표 RUB specimen and cutting position for crack sizing.
표 Summary of SSRT and RUB test results.
표 pH(T) dependency of SCC rate for Alloy 690 and Alloy 600.
표 Factor of improvement of Alloy 600TT vs. Alloy 600MA for westinghouse
표 Summary of factor of improvement for Alloy 600TT vs. Alloy 600MA at various laboratories
표 pH dependency of factor of improvement for Alloy 600TT vs. Alloy 600MA under lead contaminated environment
표 Summary of SSRT an d RUB test results in solution scon tain in ignhibitor .
표 OM images of RUB specimens after 12 week test (a) without inhibitor and (b) with NiB for Alloy 690
표 OM image of RUB specimen after 12 week test without inhibitor for Alloy 690.
표 OM image of RUB specimen after 12 week test with CeB6 for Alloy 690.

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연합인증

원전 니켈합금 부식균열 평가 및 예측모델 개발
Evaluation and model development of corrosion cracking of Ni base alloys for nuclear power plants 원문보기