초록 ▼

개발 목적 및 필요성
석유계 화합물로 오염된 토양의 복원기술은 국내외 활발한 연구와 실증화가 진행되고 있으나, 고농도 원유오염토양에 대해서는 원유산지, 쿠웨이트 정화대상지, 국내 정유사 등에서 열적 및 물리, 화학적 공법인 열탈착법과 토양세척법 등이 적용되고 있으나 유분회수, 토성의 제한, 토양의 생물학적 특성 상실 등의 문제가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 순수한 물을 용매로 아임계수를 사용하여 고농도 원유로 오염된 토양을 정화하고 아울러 유분을 회수하고자 함.

연구개발 결과
◉ 주요 연구성과
1. 1차년

개발 목적 및 필요성
석유계 화합물로 오염된 토양의 복원기술은 국내외 활발한 연구와 실증화가 진행되고 있으나, 고농도 원유오염토양에 대해서는 원유산지, 쿠웨이트 정화대상지, 국내 정유사 등에서 열적 및 물리, 화학적 공법인 열탈착법과 토양세척법 등이 적용되고 있으나 유분회수, 토성의 제한, 토양의 생물학적 특성 상실 등의 문제가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 순수한 물을 용매로 아임계수를 사용하여 고농도 원유로 오염된 토양을 정화하고 아울러 유분을 회수하고자 함.

연구개발 결과
◉ 주요 연구성과
1. 1차년도
- 실험실 규모 아임계수 장치 제작 : 처리용량 2kg ⇒ 5kg 용량증대
- 인도네시아 1개소 및 국내 2개소 원유오염토 적용
- 275℃ ~ 300℃, 흐름 및 주기 모드 운영
- TPH 저감율 84% 이상 및 유분회수율 83% 이상 달성
- 국내(3지역 기준) 및 인도네시아 환경법 기준 달성

2. 2차년도
- 500kg 용량의 파일럿 규모 아임계수 장치 제작
- 쿠웨이트 1개소 및 국내 1개소 원유 오염토 적용
- TPH 저감율 89% 이상 달성
- 국내(2지역 기준) 및 쿠웨이트 환경법 기준 달성

3. 3차년도
- 아임계수 정화시스템 제작 : 500kg 전처리 세척장치 + 아임계수 정화장치
- 원시료(TPH 15,266mg/kg) ⇒ 1차 전처리 7,447mg/kg
⇒ 2차 아임계 421mg/kg
- TPH 저감율 97% 및 유분회수율 84% 이상 달성
- 중국 해외 실증화 : 실험실 규모 5kg 아임계수 정화시스템 적용
- 중국 원시료(TPH 19,323mg/kg) ⇒ 1차 전처리 5,318mg/kg
⇒ 2차 아임계 685mg/kg
- 국내(1지역 기준) 및 중국 환경법(주거지역) 기준 이하로 달성

성능사양 및 기술개발 수준
- 처리용량 : 500kg/Batch
- 기술수준 : 국내외 파일럿 규모 최대

활용계획
반입정화시설 운영

( 출처: 요약서 4p )

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results
♦ In the first year, Indonesian and domestic contaminated soil were tested using single remediation process through the laboratory scale reactor for 10g subcritical water, and the removal rate per operational conditions of each sample was measured. For Indonesian soil of a loamy sand p

Ⅳ. Results
♦ In the first year, Indonesian and domestic contaminated soil were tested using single remediation process through the laboratory scale reactor for 10g subcritical water, and the removal rate per operational conditions of each sample was measured. For Indonesian soil of a loamy sand property,contaminated with intermediate, the remaining TPH within the soil after the reaction at 275℃ and 65 bars was analyzed to be 280mg/kg.
Compared to the initial concentration of 20,000mg/kg, this result was calculated as the removal rate of 98.6%. For domestic HS and RF soil of a sand property, contaminated with light oil and intermediate respectively,at 300℃ and 90 bars, the removal rate was 99.8%. Domestic SO soil of a loamy sand property, contaminated with crude oil, showed 98.6% removal rate of the remaining TPH in the soils, at 275℃ and 65 bars.

♦ Single remediation process using the 5kg subcritical water remediation equipment showed 97.8% removal rate at 250℃ and 45 bars for soil contaminated with low concentration light oil (low HS concentration) of a clay property. The remaining TPH in the soil was originally 5,408mg/kg and decreased to 115mg/kg. For soil contaminated with high concentration light oil (high HS concentration) of a loam property demonstrated 87.7% TPH removal rate at 300℃ and 90 bars. Soil of a silt loam property, contaminated with crude oil, initially showed 19,199mg/kg of TPH concentration, but the TPH remaining in the soil after reacting at 250℃ and 45 bars was 1,812mg/kg, yielding 90.56% of removal rate.
Lastly, Indonesian soil of a clay property, contaminated with crude oil(TPH conc. 20,409mg/kg) reacted at 275℃ and 65 bars on a periodic mode, with 92.0% of removal rate, leaving the remaining TPH in the soil at 1,633mg/kg.

♦ When tested on the 10g subcritical water reactor, regardless of the soil texture and the type of the crude oil, both the removal and recovery rates were over 90%. On the other hand, when tested on the 5kg subcritical water remediation equipment, soil contaminated with low concentration light oil showed 93% removal rate and 90% recovery rate, not showing much difference to those from the 10g reactor, yet, soil contaminated with high concentration intermediate revealed 84% removal rate and 83% recovery rate, indicating a decrease in the efficiency. Even so, the remaining TPH concentration in the remediated sample was still below the preliminary standard (TPH 2,000mg/kg) for Area 3 under the Soil Environment Conservation Act, which was the target for the first year of the research, and the removal and recovery rates exceeded 80%.

♦ In the second year, Kuwaiti soil contaminated with high concentration crude oil (TPH 120,916mg/kg) and domestic fine soil contaminated with crude oil were experimented. Using 5kg subcritical water remediation equipment and 500kg subcritical water remediation equipment, process temperature, reaction period, process flux and ratio of soil and water were set as variables. The remediation efficiency per each condition of the pre-treatment process and subcritical water process was analyzed, and the operational conditions that demonstrated the highest removal efficiency was set as the optimal conditions.

♦ Kuwaiti soil contaminated with high concentration crude oil (TPH 120,916mg/kg) was tested at the optimal conditions for 5kg subcritical water remediation equipment (275℃, 85 bars and 120 minutes). After the remediation treatment, the remaining TPH concentration in the soil showed 89% TPH removal rate compared to the initial soil. In an experiment with soil from company G, contaminated with crude oil, the results revealed 84% TPH removal rate in the 500kg subcritical water remediation equipment. However, the oil recovery rate was only around 40% due to certain components of crude oil exhibiting high viscosity, such as asphaltene.

♦ The subject of the experiments in the third year were soil from Nanjing,China, contaminated with local crude oil, and domestic soil contaminated with crude oil from a Korean oil refining company G. After analyzing the physiochemical characteristics of the contaminated soil, it was determined that the Chinese contaminated soil was of a TPH concentration of 27,053mg/kg (of a sandy loam property), and the contaminated soil from company G was at 19,206mg/kg (of a loam property).

♦ For the third year overseas test bed, 5kg subcritical water remediation equipment was installed at company G.W. laboratory in Nanjing, China, where Chinese soil contaminated with crude oil was the subject of the experiment. The results demonstrated 96% TPH removal rate, as the original soil was of TPH 19,323mg/kg, and TPH remaining in the soil after remediation was 685mg/kg. Such findings validate the effects of the remediation equipment to meet Chinese local soil environment criteria of TPH lower than or equal to 1,000mg/kg. In the subcritical water remediation equipment, the oil recovery rate was 80%, compared to the remaining TPH in the original soil.

♦ The third year domestic test bed was a 500kg subcritical remediation system, where the pre-treatment involved kerosene washing for 20 minutes and a subcritical remediation (275℃, 120min, Dynamic mode).
Compared to the original soil (TPH conc. 15,266mg/kg), the soil after the reaction showed TPH of 421mg/kg, which was calculated as 97% of TPH removal rate. Such results satisfied the preliminary standard for domestic Area 1, set below TPH concentration of 500mg/kg. On the subcritical remediation system, 84% oil was recovered, compared to the remaining TPH of the original soil (pre-treated soil).

( 출처 : SUMMARY 14p )

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요 약 서 ... 4
• 요 약 문 ... 8
• SUMMARY ... 12
• 목차 ... 18
• 표목차 ... 21
• 그림목차 ... 25
• 1. 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 28
• 1-1. 연구개발 배경 ... 28
• 가. 원유의 특성 ... 28
• 나. 원유오염토양의 발생 ... 30
• 1-2. 연구개발의 목적 ... 33
• 1-3. 연구개발 필요성 ... 34
• 2. 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 38
• 2-1 국외 기술개발 동향 ... 38
• 가. 국외 토양오염 현황 및 관련규정 ... 38
• 나. 국외 연구 현황 ... 41
• 2-2 국내 기술개발 동향 ... 44
• 가. 국내 토양오염 현황 ... 44
• 나. 국내 연구 현황 ... 45
• 2-3 국내외 특허출원 동향 ... 51
• 가. 국외 특허출원 동향 ... 51
• 나. 국내 특허출원 동향 ... 54
• 다. 국내외 오염토양정화 특허출원 동향 ... 55
• 2-4. 기술의 차별성 ... 58
• 3. 연구수행 내용 및 결과 ... 62
• 3-1. 연구개발의 최종목표 ... 62
• 가. 연구수행 목표 및 내용 ... 62
• 나. 연도별 연구개발의 목표 및 내용 ... 63
• 다. 연도별 평가의 착안점 및 기준 ... 64
• 3-2. 연구내용 및 실험방법 ... 65
• 가. 실험대상 토양시료 ... 65
• 나. 실험실 규모 아임계수 정화장치(1차년도) ... 74
• 다. 파일럿 규모 아임계수 정화시스템(2차, 3차년도) ... 88
• 라. 아임계수 정화시스템의 해외 실증화 실험 ... 124
• 3-3. 연구개발 결과 및 토의 ... 130
• 가. 실험대상 토양시료 ... 130
• 나. 실험실 규모 10g 아임계수 정화장치 (1차년도) ... 135
• 다. 파일럿 규모 아임계수 정화시스템(2차, 3차년도) ... 149
• 다. 해외 실증화 ... 197
• 라. 경제성 평가 ... 202
• 3-4. 연구개발 결과 요약 ... 207
• 가. 연차별 기술 개발 결과 ... 207
• 나. 연구개발 추진 일정 ... 210
• 4. 목표달성도 및 관련분야 기여도 ... 212
• 4-1. 목표달성도 ... 212
• 4-2. 관련분야 기여도 ... 214
• 5. 연구결과의 활용계획 ... 215
• 6. 연구과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 216
• 7. 연구개발결과의 보안등급 ... 218
• 8. 국가과학기술종합정보시스템(NTIS)에 등록한 연구시설·장비 현황 ... 219
• 9. 연구개발과제 수행에 따른 연구실 등의 안전조치 이행실적 ... 220
• 10. 연구개발과제의 대표적 연구실적 ... 221
• 11. 기타사항 ... 222
• 12. 참고문헌 ... 223
• 끝페이지 ... 225