초록 ▼

개발 목적 및 필요성
∘ 운전비용이 저렴하고, 화재 발생 위험성이 없으며, 회수된 고농도 VOCs의 활용이 용이한 저온 VSA 기술을 적용한 보급형 흡탈착 자체재생 기술 개발
- 저온 VSA 흡탈착 자체재생 기술개발 및 설계인자 최적화
- 실용규모 통합 시스템 설계 및 현장설치
- 실용규모 통합 시스템 완성 및 현장운전을 통한 최적화 및 평가

연구개발결과
∘ VOCs 발생현황 조사 및 특성 파악
∘ 반복운전시 내구성 확보가 가능한 흡착소재 선정
∘ 흡탈착 조건 최적화 연구
∘

개발 목적 및 필요성
∘ 운전비용이 저렴하고, 화재 발생 위험성이 없으며, 회수된 고농도 VOCs의 활용이 용이한 저온 VSA 기술을 적용한 보급형 흡탈착 자체재생 기술 개발
- 저온 VSA 흡탈착 자체재생 기술개발 및 설계인자 최적화
- 실용규모 통합 시스템 설계 및 현장설치
- 실용규모 통합 시스템 완성 및 현장운전을 통한 최적화 및 평가

연구개발결과
∘ VOCs 발생현황 조사 및 특성 파악
∘ 반복운전시 내구성 확보가 가능한 흡착소재 선정
∘ 흡탈착 조건 최적화 연구
∘ 최적 흡착 시스템 개발
∘ 실용규모(30 CMM) 저온 VSA 흡탈착 자체재생 시스템 설계 및 설치
∘ 실용규모 통합 시스템 완성 및 시운전
∘ 자동운전 프로그램 설계 및 개발
∘ 실용규모 통합 시스템 현장운전을 통한 최적화
∘ 실용규모 통합 시스템에 대한 공인평가 및 공인인증 확보

성능사양 및 기술개발 수준
∘ VOCs(BTEX) 제거효율 : 98.8%
∘ 복합악취 제거효율 : 97.8%
∘ Pilot plant 처리용량 : 30 CMM
∘ 재생후 흡착성능 : 91.1%(BET 기준), 88.6%(톨루엔 흡착능 기준)
∘ 재생 후 흡착제 강도 : 변화 없음.
∘ 연속운전시간 : 327시간
∘ 재생 반복횟수 : 100회

활용계획
∘ 기완료한 녹색기술 인증 획득 및 기술이전 계약을 바탕으로 사업화 지원과제 수행
∘ 주관기관(KTL)의 K-STAR 사업 수행 : 기업 전담 연구원 1人1社 현장전담 지원,시험/분석/평가/컨설팅 등의 기술지원을 통한 제품개발 애로기술 및 상품화
∘ 기업 사업화 컨설팅 지원 : 기술이전 기업의 성공적인 사업화를 위한 기술지원(사업화 컨설팅 및 지원), KTL의 중소기업상품화 기술개선사업 등 활용
∘ 궁극적으로 개발기술의 사업화 및 상용화, 이를 통한 기술이전 기업의 글로벌 중견기업화

( 출처: 요약서 3p )

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results
In this study, a practical-scale low-temperature VSA system with a 30 CMM treatment capacity was developed, and set up at a small-to-medium-sized painting factory, where it was continuously operated 100 times. The results showed that at least 98% of BTEX was removed, while the durabili

Ⅳ. Results
In this study, a practical-scale low-temperature VSA system with a 30 CMM treatment capacity was developed, and set up at a small-to-medium-sized painting factory, where it was continuously operated 100 times. The results showed that at least 98% of BTEX was removed, while the durability and adsorption performance of activated carbons inside the adsorption tower were maintained at a rate of 90% or higher. The main results of the researches can be summarized as follows:

◦ Investigation into VOCs and identification of their characteristics
- VOC emissions in Korea have steadily been rising. The use of organic solvents account for the largest VOC emissions; Gyeonggi-do, a province with a high population density where there are many large-scale industrial complexes, accounts for the largest VOC emissions of all the provinces.
- VOC emissions were measured at different locations such as residential complexes, roadsides, and industrial complexes. The results showed that VOC concentration was the highest near industrial complexes, and relatively high concentrations of VOCs were detected at residential complexes near an industrial complex. The emission characteristics were examined by industry, and it was found that toluene concentration and emissions were the highest.

◦ Selection of an adsorbent with high durability for repeated operation
- A 10 LPM lab-scale adsorption and desorption system was set up to use the VSA method, where VOCs are desorbed at low temperatures to reduce the risk of fire and other operating risks to lower levels compared to the conventional process of regeneration such as TSA and PSA.
- Adsorption and desorption experiment was conducted on diverse adsorbents such as activated carbon, zeocarbon, and zeolite in order to choose an appropriate adsorbent that is low in cost yet has excellent durability. The results showed that activated carbon had the best adsorption and desorption performance.
- Activated carbon manufactured by Company A was selected out of various activated carbons sold in Korea and abroad, taking into consideration the price, surface area and hardness among other factors. The optimum adsorbent was selected based on an adsorption and desorption experiment, where activated carbons with the varied pellet size were tested.
- Surface modification was performed on the activated carbons using acetic or sulfuric acid in order to improve the adsorption capacity. The surface of the activated carbons underwent local oxidation due to the acids, and oxygen species such as those with a carboxyl or lactone group developed on the surface. This confirmed the improved adsorption capacity of the activated carbons.

◦ Research to optimize the adsorption conditions
- The results of the adsorption experiment according to the various flow rates showed that an increase in the flow rate reduced the breakthrough time because of an increase in the coefficient of mass transfer that promoted diffusion in the pores and reduced the breakthrough time. When the relative humidity was increased, on the other hand, the active sites on the surfaces of the activated carbons became occupied by water molecules, which also reduced the breakthrough time.
- A desorption test was performed on a single-component system and a complex-component system by varying the temperature and pressure. Based on the results, it was determined that the optimum temperature and pressure levels would be 80℃ and 100 torr, respectively, taking into consideration the desorption performance and energy efficiency.
- The adsorption and desorption cycle was repeated 50 times under the optimum conditions that had been derived. The adsorption performance and efficiency were maintained at around 90% of that of the first cycle. The specific surface area and compressive strength of the activated carbons were measured before and after the repeated regeneration experiment. The results showed that the specific surface area decreased to around 92%, while the compressive strength showed no significant changes, indicating that the activated carbons remained durable.

◦ Development of an optimum adsorption system
- In order to prevent fire in the activated carbon adsorption tower that may potentially be caused by a localized high-temperature area created during the desorption process, the tower was designed to include a heat conduction plate or a heat coil. A heat conduction analysis was performed which showed how the use of a heat coil was effective in terms of heat conduction efficiency measured by the average flow rate and temperature stability, but it resulted in higher energy consumption due to a supply of an additional heat source. In the case of using a heat conduction plate, it resulted in considerable improvement in heat conduction compared to the conventional towers, without the need to install additional systems.
- For automation of the adsorption and desorption processes, a PID-based VOC odor sensor and an NDIR-based VOC odor sensor were compared, based on the GC-FID measurements. The PID method was found to produce results that were very similar to the GC-FID measurements.

◦ Designing and installation of a practical-scale low-temperature VSA system
- Saturated adsorption, temperature, pressure and flow rate conditions derived, based on a lab-scale experiment, were applied to create a basic design of the system, which would have three beds including the spares reserve tank. Excess systems were prevented through value engineering, and a preliminary design was created to supplement the basic design. Afterwards, a more concrete design was created based on the general matters including the design criteria for the fabrication and construction of the system.
- After creating the working design as described above, the practical-scale low-temperature self-regenerative VSA system was installed. The ducts from the front end of the existing adsorption tower at the factory in question were ramified and connected for the flow rate of the 30CMM system. In order to minimize the environmental impact of installing the system outdoors, the facility was protected by installing a ceiling, ensuring a separation distance from the floor, and installing a polyethylene cover.

◦ Completion and a trial run of the practical-scale integrated system
- In order to check for the proper operation of the practical-scale VSA system installed on site, its operation began with no load before the load factor was raised gradually during the trial run. The blower was replaced and other improvements were made to system based on the issues identified during the trial run.

◦ Designing and development of an automatic operation program
- A control checklist and the control values were derived for the practical-scale VSA system, and a remote control program was installed for the continuous adsorption and desorption processes to occur with high efficiency. Afterwards, the system on the site was controlled remotely from the office.

◦ Optimization of the practical-scale integrated system
- The adsorption and desorption processes were repeated more than 100 times to assess the operating stability and performance of the practical-scale VSA system. The processes were performed according to the operating hours of the factory alternating between reactors A and B.
- The VOCs removal efficiency was maintained at a rate over 99% during continuous operation (at least 100 cycles and 200 hours of operation).
- A direct-contact condensation recovery method was used as a post-treatment method for the desorbed gas in a field experiment conducted in connection with the practical-scale VSA system. The results showed that more than 95% of the VOCs were recovered.

◦ Evaluation and certification of the practical-scale integrated system by an accredited certification body
- Evaluations were performed for the VOCs and odor at the front and rear ends of the system.The specific surface area and compressive strength of the sampled activated carbon during the continuous operation were also measured. VOCs removal efficiency was found to be 98.8%, while the adsorption performance and specific surface area of the activated carbons were reduced to 88.6% and 91.1%, respectively, and there were no changes in durability (compressive strength) after 100 regeneration cycles.
- A green certification from an accredited certification body was obtained for this technology.

( 출처: SUMMARY 11p )

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요 약 서 ... 3
• 요 약 문 ... 5
• SUMMARY ... 10
• 목차 ... 15
• 표목차 ... 18
• 그림목차 ... 20
• 1. 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 24
• 1-1. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 26
• 가. 휘발성유기화합물 발생량 증가 추세 ... 26
• 나. 휘발성유기화합물 처리기술 ... 28
• 다. 활성탄 흡착/재생 방식의 문제 ... 29
• 1-2. 연구개발 목적 ... 31
• 1-3. 연구개발 범위 ... 33
• 2. 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 34
• 2-1. 해외 기술개발 동향 ... 36
• 2-2. 국내 기술개발 동향 ... 39
• 3. 연구수행내용 및 결과 ... 40
• 3-1. 연구개발의 내용(범위) 및 최종목표 ... 42
• 3-2. 연구개발 결과 및 토의 ... 46
• 가. 국내 휘발성유기화합물 발생특성 조사 ... 46
• 나. 저온 VSA 기술을 이용한 흡·탈착 최적화 ... 51
• 다. 실용규모 저온 VSA 흡·탈착 자체재생 시스템 개발 ... 103
• 라. 실용규모 저온 VSA 흡·탈착 자체재생 시스템 평가 ... 157
• 4. 목표달성도 및 관련분야 기여도 ... 174
• 4-1. 목표달성도 ... 176
• 4-2. 관련분야 기여도 ... 177
• 5. 연구결과의 활용계획 ... 178
• 6. 연구과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 182
• 7. 연구개발결과의 보안등급 ... 188
• 8. NTIS에 등록한 연구시설·장비 현황 ... 192
• 9. 연구개발과제 수행에 따른 연구실 등의 안전조치 이행실적 ... 196
• 10. 연구개발과제의 대표적 연구실적 ... 200
• 10-1. 산업재산권 ... 202
• 10-2. 논문게재 ... 202
• 10-3. 국내 및 국제 학술회의 발표 ... 203
• 10-3. 기술 및 제품인증 ... 203
• 10-4. 기술거래(이전) ... 204
• 10-5. 홍보 및 전시회 참여 실적 ... 204
• 10-6. 기타 : 포상 및 수상 실적 ... 204
• 10-7. 기타 : 후속 기술개발 프로젝트 유치 ... 204
• 11. 참고문헌 ... 206
• 부 록 ... 210
• <부 록 1> 실용규모 시스템 기본설계 도서 ... 212
• <부 록 2> 실용규모 시스템 예비설계 도서 ... 216
• <부 록 3> 실용규모 시스템 실시설계 도서 ... 224
• <부 록 4> 탈착가스 VOCs 회수장치 설계 도서 ... 251
• <부 록 5> 실용규모 시스템 운전절차 및 유지관리 지침서 ... 252
• <부 록 6> 연속가동 운전일지 요약 ... 264
• <부 록 14>「논문」“국내 휘발성유기화합물의 배출현황 및 제어기술” ... 268
• <부 록 14>「논문」“공정 조건 및 활성탄 특성에 따른 톨루엔에 대한 흡·탈착 특성” ... 279
• <부 록 16>「논문」“산처리 활성탄의 톨루엔 흡착특성” ... 286
• <부 록 17>「논문」“Study of sulfuric acid treatment of activated carbon used to enhance mixed VOC removal” ... 292
• <부 록 18>「논문」“Effect of vacuum regeneration of activated carbon on volatile organic compound adsorption” ... 298
• <부 록 19>「논문」“휘발성 유기화합물 제거를 위한 저온 vacuum swing adsorption 공정의 실용화 연구” ... 304
• <부 록 20>「논문」“Characteristic evaluation of activated carbon applied to a pilot-scale VSA system to control VOCs” - In Press ... 311
• 끝페이지 ... 319