[보고서]뽕/오디 함유 항비만 활성물질 대량분리 및 고기능성 식품소재화

김현복

보고서 정보

주관연구기관

국립농업과학원
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences

연구책임자

김현복

참여연구자

성규병 , 조유영 , 권해용 , 임정대 , 김애정 , 정일민 , 양수진 , 박예리 , 윤경진 , 프라바카란 마야크리쉬난 , 한명륜 , 김민주 , 강미숙 , 강현정 , 윤여진

보고서유형

최종보고서

발행국가

대한민국

언어

한국어

발행년월

2018-02

과제시작연도

2017

주관부처

농촌진흥청
Rural Development Administration(RDA)

등록번호

TRKO201800043604

과제고유번호

1395049165

사업명

차세대바이오그린21

DB 구축일자

2019-05-18

키워드

뽕.오디.항비만.Mulberry leaf.Mulberry fruit.Anti-obesity.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201800043604

표 Four varieties of mulberry fruit used as experimental material
표 Flow chart of mulberry leaf extracts
표 Flow chart of mulberry fruit extracts
표 Detection of inhibitory effects on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation with mulberry fruit extract by Oil Red O staining
표 Inhibitory effect of 70% ethanol mulberry leaf extracts from varieties on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell
표 Inhibitory effect of 0.1% citric acid-70% ethanol mulberry fruit extracts from varieties on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell
표 HPLC analysis conditions of anthocyanin from mulberryby different purified methods
$HPLC condition of rutin and quercetin analysis in fraction and 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L$ 표 HPLC condition of rutin and quercetin analysis in fraction and 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L
표 Sequence of primers used in quantitative real-time PCR
표 Observation of color change of mulberry extract and purified mulberry anthocyanin by different purification procedure. CPA (using C18 sep-pak cartridges) and RPA (using open column chromatography filled with PB-600 macroporous resins) under different pH conditions (Left, pH 1.0; Right pH 4.5)
표 Spectral characteristics of mulberry extract and purified mulberry anthocyanin by different purification procedures, CPA (A, using C18 sep-pak cartridges) under different pH conditions and RPA (B, using open column chromatography filled with PB-600 macroporous resins) under different pH conditions (full line, pH 1.0; dotted line, pH 4.5)
표 Spectral absorbance of mulberry extract and purified mulberry anthocyanin by different purification procedures in different pH conditions
표 Total anthocyanin contents of mulberry extract and purified mulberry anthocyanin by different purification procedures in different pH conditions
표 Comparison of contents of anthocyanin, loading amount and amount of purified anthocyanin (APA) by different purification procedures, cartridge purificated anthocyanin (CPA) and resin purificated anthocyanin (RPA)
표 HPLC chromatogram of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside in purified mulberry anthocyanin by different purification procedures. (A) Calibration curve of cyanidin-3-glucoside standard (R2=0.9953112); (B) Calibration curve of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (R2= 0.9981661); (C) CPA, purified mulberry anthocyanin using C18 sep-pak cartridges; (D) RPA, using open column chromatography filled with PB-600 macroporous resins
$The content of rutin and quercetin of different fractions and 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L. (Chungol variety)$ 표 The content of rutin and quercetin of different fractions and 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L. (Chungol variety)
$HPLC chromatogram of rutin and quercetin of different fractions and 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L. (Chungol variety)$ 표 HPLC chromatogram of rutin and quercetin of different fractions and 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L. (Chungol variety)
$Inhibitory effect of flavonoid rich fraction from 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L. on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells$ 표 Inhibitory effect of flavonoid rich fraction from 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L. on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells
표 Inhibitory effect of different from leaf extracts in Morus alba L. on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell
$Inhibitory triglyceride content of flavonoid rich fraction from 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L. on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells$ 표 Inhibitory triglyceride content of flavonoid rich fraction from 50% ethanol leaf extracts from Morus alba L. on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells
$SREBP-1c gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRP) and anthocyani rich fraction (RAP) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for SREBP-1c and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05$ 표 SREBP-1c gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRP) and anthocyani rich fraction (RAP) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for SREBP-1c and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05
$PPAR-γ gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for PPAR-γ and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05$ 표 PPAR-γ gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for PPAR-γ and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05
$CEBP/α gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for CEBP/α and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05$ 표 CEBP/α gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for CEBP/α and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05
$Fatty acid synthase gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for FAS and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05$ 표 Fatty acid synthase gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for FAS and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05
$Acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for ACC and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05$ 표 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed RT-PCR Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture [MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/㎖ insulin]. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared from pre-adipocyte cell treated by FRP (A) and RPA (B). Equivalent amounts of cDNA were amplified using primers specific for ACC and β-actin. Each value is expressed as the mean±SD of three independent expriments. Values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05
$Protein expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed western blotting Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture[MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/mL insulin]. Western blotting was perfomed using 30 μg of each sample. The loading control was assessed using β-actin antibody. The relative intensities SREBP-1c, PPARγ, CEBP/α, FAS, ACC expression compared with the β-actin expression$ 표 Protein expression effects of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and anthocyani rich fraction (RPA) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells confirmed western blotting Differentiation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells was initiated in DMEM containing differentiating culture mixture[MDI treatment : 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1μM dexamethasone and 1 μg/mL insulin]. Western blotting was perfomed using 30 μg of each sample. The loading control was assessed using β-actin antibody. The relative intensities SREBP-1c, PPARγ, CEBP/α, FAS, ACC expression compared with the β-actin expression
표 Sequence of primers used in quantitative real-time PCR (Animal Model)
표 Schematic diagram of spray-dry encapsulation process (Shahidi and others 1993)
$Representative macroscopic pictures of male C57BL/6 mice from different groups at the end of experiment. A, C57BL/6 mice; B, liver; C, heart; D, epididymal white adipose tissue. First pannel, reference chow (RC) diet; second pannel, HFD (high fat/choleserol diet); third pannel, HFD-MFRF (HFD plus 5 g/㎏ fravonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet), fourth pannel, HFD-MPA (HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet)$ 표 Representative macroscopic pictures of male C57BL/6 mice from different groups at the end of experiment. A, C57BL/6 mice; B, liver; C, heart; D, epididymal white adipose tissue. First pannel, reference chow (RC) diet; second pannel, HFD (high fat/choleserol diet); third pannel, HFD-MFRF (HFD plus 5 g/㎏ fravonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet), fourth pannel, HFD-MPA (HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet)
표 Tissue weight and serum parameters and Hepatic lipids for the male C57BL/6 mice in Chow, HFD, HFD-MFRF and HFD-MPA group at the end of experiment
$Morpholoogy changes in liver (A - D) and epididymal adipose tissue (E - H) for the male C57BL/6 mice. A - D, Oil Red O was used to stain livers sections of mice; E - H, H B and F, HFD (high fat/choleserol diet) ; C and G, HFD-MFRF (HFD plus 5 g/㎏ fravonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet), D and H, HFD-MPA (HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet). scale bar, 5 ㎛$ 표 Morpholoogy changes in liver (A - D) and epididymal adipose tissue (E - H) for the male C57BL/6 mice. A - D, Oil Red O was used to stain livers sections of mice; E - H, H B and F, HFD (high fat/choleserol diet) ; C and G, HFD-MFRF (HFD plus 5 g/㎏ fravonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet), D and H, HFD-MPA (HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet). scale bar, 5 ㎛
$Hepatic contents of total lipid, triacylglycerol and cholesterol. A, Liver lipid; B, Liver triglyceride; C, Liver cholesterol. Chow, reference chow diet group; HFD, high-fat/cholesterol diet group; HFD-MFRF, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ fravonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet group, HFD-MPA, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet group. Values are mean ± SEM. The means marked with superscript letters are significantly different relative to others group (p <0.01)$ 표 Hepatic contents of total lipid, triacylglycerol and cholesterol. A, Liver lipid; B, Liver triglyceride; C, Liver cholesterol. Chow, reference chow diet group; HFD, high-fat/cholesterol diet group; HFD-MFRF, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ fravonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet group, HFD-MPA, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet group. Values are mean ± SEM. The means marked with superscript letters are significantly different relative to others group (p <0.01)
$Serum insulin levels, leptin levels, HOMA-IR and adiponectin in mice. Chow, reference chow diet group; HFD, high-fat/cholesterol diet group; HFD-MFRF, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ fravonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet group, HFD-MPA, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet group. Values are mean ±SE. The means marked with superscript letters are significantly different relative to other groups (p < 0.01)$ 표 Serum insulin levels, leptin levels, HOMA-IR and adiponectin in mice. Chow, reference chow diet group; HFD, high-fat/cholesterol diet group; HFD-MFRF, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ fravonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet group, HFD-MPA, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet group. Values are mean ±SE. The means marked with superscript letters are significantly different relative to other groups (p < 0.01)
$Effects of favonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (MFRF) and purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits (MPA) on protein expressions of PPAR γ, FAS, ACO, CPT 1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat/cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. The intensity of the bands was quantified by densitometric analysis and normalized with corresponding β-actin. Results are calculated as the mean ± SD of three mice. Chow, reference chow diet group; HFD, high-fat/cholesterol diet group; HFD-MFRF, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet group, HFD-MPA, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet group; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; FAS, fatty acid synthase; ACO, acyl-CoA oxidase; CPT 1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase; IL-1 β, iterleukin-1β; IL-6, iterleukin-6; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α. The means marked with superscript letters are significantly different relative to others (p <0.01)$ 표 Effects of favonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (MFRF) and purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits (MPA) on protein expressions of PPAR γ, FAS, ACO, CPT 1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat/cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. The intensity of the bands was quantified by densitometric analysis and normalized with corresponding β-actin. Results are calculated as the mean ± SD of three mice. Chow, reference chow diet group; HFD, high-fat/cholesterol diet group; HFD-MFRF, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf diet group, HFD-MPA, HFD plus 5 g/㎏ purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits diet group; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; FAS, fatty acid synthase; ACO, acyl-CoA oxidase; CPT 1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase; IL-1 β, iterleukin-1β; IL-6, iterleukin-6; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α. The means marked with superscript letters are significantly different relative to others (p <0.01)
$SEM micrograph of flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (MFRF) with magnifications of (A) 500× (B) 2000× (C) 5000×. and spray dried microencapsulated flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (FWM, MFRF : WPI ratio of 1 : 20) with magnifications of (D) 500× (E) 2000× (F) 5000×$ 표 SEM micrograph of flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (MFRF) with magnifications of (A) 500× (B) 2000× (C) 5000×. and spray dried microencapsulated flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (FWM, MFRF : WPI ratio of 1 : 20) with magnifications of (D) 500× (E) 2000× (F) 5000×
$UV-vis spectra of flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (MFRF), WPI protein and MFRF loaded WPC protein (FWM)$ 표 UV-vis spectra of flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (MFRF), WPI protein and MFRF loaded WPC protein (FWM)
$Scanning electron microscopic photographs of purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits (MPA) and AWM. (A) Cyanidin-3-glucoside, 500×, (B) Cyanidin-3-glucoside, 1000×, (C) AWM, 500×, (D) AWM, 1000×$ 표 Scanning electron microscopic photographs of purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits (MPA) and AWM. (A) Cyanidin-3-glucoside, 500×, (B) Cyanidin-3-glucoside, 1000×, (C) AWM, 500×, (D) AWM, 1000×
$UV-VIS spectra of purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits (MPA, dotted line), whey protein isolate (dashed line) and AWM (full line)$ 표 UV-VIS spectra of purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits (MPA, dotted line), whey protein isolate (dashed line) and AWM (full line)
표 Determination of encapsulation efficiency on AWM by UV/VIS spectra, DPPH assay
표 Determination of encapsulation efficiency on AWM by HPLC methods
$Comparison of encapsulation efficiency in AWM using UV spectrum, DPPH and HPLC (A) and chromatogram of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside in purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits (MPA, B) and MPA-WPI microparticle (AWM, C). C3G calibration curve ; R2=0.9397608, C3R calibration curve ; R2=0.9029410$ 표 Comparison of encapsulation efficiency in AWM using UV spectrum, DPPH and HPLC (A) and chromatogram of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside in purified anthocyanin fraction of mulberry fruits (MPA, B) and MPA-WPI microparticle (AWM, C). C3G calibration curve ; R2=0.9397608, C3R calibration curve ; R2=0.9029410
$HPLC chromatograms of quercetin release on time course manner in FWM. (A) - (C); FWM micropaticle, (D) - (F); flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (MFRF); ; released amount of quercetin for directly (0 hours) (A and D), 12 hours (B and E), 24 hours (C and F)$ 표 HPLC chromatograms of quercetin release on time course manner in FWM. (A) - (C); FWM micropaticle, (D) - (F); flavonoid rich fraction of mulberry leaf (MFRF); ; released amount of quercetin for directly (0 hours) (A and D), 12 hours (B and E), 24 hours (C and F)
표 Quercetin concentration [%] (1% MFRF is equivalent 100% quercetin) during incubation with 0.1 M PBS at pH 7.4 measured by HPLC-UV/vis at 355 nm. Nonencapsulated MFRF (dotted line); FWM micropaticle (solid line). Values are means of three determinations ± SD
표 Anthocyanin concentration [%] (1% MPA is equivalent 100% anthocyanins) during incubation with 0.1M PBS at pH 7.4 measured by HPLC-UV/vis at 530 nm. Nonencapsulated MPA (dotted line, ■: C3G, □: C3R); AWM micropaticle (solid line, ●: C3G, ○: C3R). Values are means of three determinations ± SD
표 Stability of AWM by different acidic conditions (pH 2.0, pH 7.0 and pH 10.0) using UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 25℃. (A) MPA (B) AWM
표 Stability of AWM by different acidic conditions (pH 2.0, pH 7.0 and pH 10.0) using HPLC at 25℃. (A) ANC, C3G (B) ANC, C3R (C) AWM, C3G (D) AWM, C3R
표 Roasting procedure of May harvested mulberry leaf
표 Roasting procedure of May harvested mulberry fruit
표 The total polyphenol contents of hot water extracts of raw mulberry leaf, roasted mulberry leaf, raw mulberry fruit, and roasted mulberry fruit. RaML: raw mulberry leaf, RoML: roasted mulberry leaf according to Fig. 1, RaMF: raw mulberry fruit, RoML: roasted mulberry fruit according to Fig. 2
표 The inhibitory effects of hot water extracts of raw mulberry leaf, roasted mulberry leaf, raw mulberry fruit, and roasted mulberry fruit on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Control: normal RAW 264.7 cell, LPS: LPS induced R A W 264.7 cell, RaML: raw mulberry leaf, RoML: roasted mulberry leaf according to Fig. 1, RaMF: raw mulberry fruit, RoML: roasted mulberry fruit according to Fig. 2
표 α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of hot water extracts of raw mulberry leaf, roasted mulberry leaf, raw mulberry fruit, and roasted mulberry fruit
표 The sensory properties of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit mixture tea at various conditions by response surface design
표 The sensory properties of roasting mulberryTable 2. Analysis of predicted model equation for
표 Analysis of predicted model equation for sensory quality roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit mixture tea
표 Perturbation plot and response surface plot for the effect of roasting mulberry leaf(A), roasting mulberry fruit(B) on taste preference of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit mixture tea
표 Perturbation plot and response surface plot for the effect of roasting mulberry leaf(A), roasting mulberry fruit(B) on color preference of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit mixture tea
표 Perturbation plot and response surface plot for the effect of roasting mulberry leaf(A), roasting mulberry fruit(B) on flavor preference of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit mixture tea
표 Perturbation plot and response surface plot for the effect of roasting mulberry leaf(A), roasting mulberry fruit(B) on desirability of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit mixture tea
표 The sensory evaluation of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit optimal mixture tea prepared with hibiscus
표 The color values of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit optimal mixture tea prepared with hibiscus
표 pH of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit optimal mixture tea prepared with hibiscus
표 The antioxidative activities of roasting mulberry leaf and roasting mulberry fruit optimal mixture tea prepared with hibiscus
표 The inhibitory effects of EtOH extracts prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells
표 The suppressive effects of different mixing ratio in EtOH extracts of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder on TNF-α production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells
표 Color values of sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 The appearance of meat sauce prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 The sensory evaluation of sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 The experimental design for different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder by response surface design(RSM)
표 The experimental design for functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder by response surface method
표 The procedure of functional porridge prepared with optimal mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity(IC50) of functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder by response surface method
표 Analysis of predicted model equation for total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity(IC50) of functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 Chemical properties of functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder by response surface method
표 Analysis of predicted model equation for pH and sweetness of functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 Mechanical test of functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 Analysis of predicted model equation for hunter´s color values and viscosity of functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 Sensory evaluation of functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder at various conditions by response surface method
표 Analysis of predicted model equation for sensory evaluation of functional porridge prepared with different mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 Optimum constraint values using two numerical methods in the object goal
표 Overlay plot of mulberry leaf powder(A) and mulberry fruit powder(B) on pH, sweetness, total polyphenol, DPPH radical scavenging activity(IC50), hunter's color, viscosity, and sensory evaluation of functional porridge prepared with optimal mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 Proximate composition of control sample and mung bean porridge prepared with optimized mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder
표 Mineral contents of control sample, mung bean porridge prepared with optimized mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder, mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder (mg/100 g)
표 Mineral contents of control sample, mung bean porridge prepared with optimized mixture ratio of mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder, mulberry leaf powder and mulberry fruit powder

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뽕/오디 함유 항비만 활성물질 대량분리 및 고기능성 식품소재화
Isolation of anti-obesity active compounds from the mulberry and development of high functional food 원문보기

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뽕/오디 함유 항비만 활성물질 대량분리 및 고기능성 식품소재화 Isolation of anti-obesity active compounds from the mulberry and development of high functional food 원문보기

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뽕/오디 함유 항비만 활성물질 대량분리 및 고기능성 식품소재화
Isolation of anti-obesity active compounds from the mulberry and development of high functional food 원문보기

표/그림 (83)

표/그림 (83)