[보고서]기후변화 대응 메탄가스 저 방출 벼 탐색 기술 개발

김우재

기후변화 대응 메탄가스 저 방출 벼 탐색 기술 개발
Development of a screening methodology for assisting in rice cultivar selection for reduced methane emissions 원문보기

보고서 정보
주관연구기관	국립식량과학원 National Institute of Crop Science
연구책임자	김우재
참여연구자	Jinyoung Y. Barnaby , 전재범 , 김현순 , 정종민 , 김정주 , Anna M. McClung , Lewis H. Ziska
보고서유형	최종보고서
발행국가	대한민국
언어	한국어
발행년월	2019-02
과제시작연도	2018
주관부처	농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA)
등록번호	TRKO201900016016
과제고유번호	1395053884
사업명	농업첨단핵심기술개발사업(R&D)
DB 구축일자	2019-10-19
키워드	온실가스 .메탄 .벼 .농업적 형질.양적형질 유전자Greenhouse gas.Methane. Rice.Agricultural traits.QTL
DOI	https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201900016016

초록 ▼

□ 뿌리바이오매스는 메탄 배출량과 가장 높은 상관관계를 가짐
○ 뿌리바이오매스 측정은 많은 시간·노동력·비용이 발생하기에 벼육종에 현실적으로 적용하기 어려움
○ 뿌리바이오매스는 분얼수와 높은 상관관계를 가지고 있어 선발지표로 분얼수를 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단됨
□ 통기조직면적과 뿌리횡단면적은 메탄 배출량과 높은 상관관계를 가짐
○ 뿌리횡단면적은 분얼수 및 수당립수와 함께 선발보조지표로 활용 가능
□ 분얼과 뿌리 간 생리적 동기화에 따라 분얼관련 QTLs은 뿌리 바이오매스의 예측 지표로 사용 가능

Abstract ▼

Purpose&Contents
Although methane is less release than carbon dioxide, global warming by methane is becoming a very important issue because it is 25 times more effective in trapping heat. In particular, rice paddy is a major source of methane generation by creating anaerobic conditions necessary for methane.
In the rice field, about 100 million tons of methane is emitted annually, which is 15 to 20% of total methane. Various cultivation methods are being studied to reduce methane production. However, this study was conducted to develop a selection index for breeding methane gas low-release rice by analyzing the correlation between agricultural traits and methane emissions of rice in order to establish a fundamental solution.

Results
Analysis of the relationship between agricultural traits and methane emissions revealed that the root biomass has the highest correlation with methane emissions and the root biomass is highly correlated with the number of tillers.
However, since it takes a lot of time, labor, and cost to use the root biomass as a selection index for rice breeding, the number of tillers and the number of grain per panicle that predict the weight of the root biomass can be used as a breeding index . In the anatomical agricultural traits, rice with large aerenchyma area had high methane emission and aerenchyma area was highly correlated with root transverse section area. Therefore, it is considered that the root transverse section area can be used as supplementary breeding index.
Molecular breeding using molecular markers can improve breeding accuracy and reduce development time. As a result of probing the QTLs related to the number of tillers, qTN1 showed a high correlation with the number of tillers and qTN4-2 showed a high correlation with root biomass and stem biomass as well as number of tillers. The use of these QTLs is expected to play a major role in promoting breeding efficiency.

Expected Contribution
The developed technology can be used to identify methane emissions from domestic rice varieties and to develop methane - low - emission varieties that extend genetic diversity. Korea is implementing the '2030 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Roadmap', which should reduce 7.9% (1.6 million tons) in agriculture by 2030. Therefore, it is expected that the developed varieties can be used in the Korean GHG reduction policy to help reduce carbon emissions.

(출처 : Summary 5p)

목차 Contents

표지 ... 1
제출문 ... 2
보고서 요약서 ... 3
국 문 요 약 문 ... 4
Summary ... 5
목차 ... 6
제 1 장 연구 개발 과제의 개요 ... 7
제1절 연구 개발 목적 및 필요성 ... 7
제2절 연구 개발 범위 ... 7
제 2 장 연구 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 8
제1절 메탄 저 배출 벼 육성을 위한 메탄 배출과 농업형질 간의 관계 ... 8
제2절 메탄방출과 벼 뿌리 통기조직과의 상관관계 분석 ... 24
제3절 농업형질 간의 상관관계 검증 및 뿌리바이오매스 관련 QTLs 탐색 ... 34
제 3 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야 기여도 ... 51
제1절 목표대비 달성도 ... 51
제2절 정량적 성과 ... 51
제 4 장 연구 결과의 활용 계획 ... 51
제 5 장 연구 개발 결과의 보안 등급 ... 51
제 6 장 국가과학기술지식정보서비스에등록한연구시설·장비현황 ... 52
제 7 장 연구개발과제의 대표적 연구실적 ... 52
제 8 장 기타사항 ... 52
제 9 장 참고문헌 ... 53
끝페이지 ... 63

표/그림 (22)

표 Means of pre-draining cumulative and total CH4 emissions among five rice cultivars (A) and their morphological phenotype at harvest (B) in the 2016 greenhouse study. Pre-draining cumulative CH4 emissions are the sum of efflux values observed weekly from booting to physiological maturity (just prior to pot drainage), while the total CH4 emissions include the CH4 burst effluxes compiled from measurements collected 5 times (every other day) during 10 days after drainage
표 Means (avr), standard error of the means (sem), and differences among varieties calculated using multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05) for CH4 emissions calculated over various time-periods in the 2016 greenhouse study
표 Means (avr) and differences among varieties calculated using multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05) for agronomic traits calculated over various time-periods in the 2016 greenhouse study
표 Weekly-measured pre-draining CH4 emissions as a function of reproductive stage, tiller number, and mature panicle number among five rice cultivars in the 2016 greenhouse study. Regressions are linear unless residuals exhibited non-random patterns, in which case a first order polynomial model was used, with r being the correlation coefficient from each linear or polynomial regression. Black solid, grey solid, and grey dotted lines represent the regression line and 95% confidence and prediction bands, respectively. Gray sections in F to J represent the vegetative stage during which CH4 measurements were not conducted and the tiller number data is not presented
표 Relationships among five rice cultivars between number of tillers (A), number of total panicles (B), shoot biomass (C), root biomass (D), plant height (E), grain weight (F), and % aerenchyma (G) with total CH4 emissions in the 2016 greenhouse study. Either polynomial or linear regression models with higher significance were selected and r indicates correlation coefficient. Black solid, grey solid, and grey dotted lines represent regression lines and 95% confidence and prediction bands, respectively. Blue dot, Francis; red, Sabine; light blue, CLXL745; green, Jupiter; yellow, Rondo
표 Methane profiles of Francis (FRCS) and Rondo (ROND) measured at four one-month intervals between before booting (R1) and physiological maturity prior to draining the 2017 field study (A), and the relationships between cumulative pre-draining CH4 flux and tiller number (B), total panicle number (C), shoot biomass (D) and root biomass at maturity (R9). r indicates correlation coefficient, and black, grey and dotted lines represent regression and 95% confidence interval and prediction bands, respectively
표 Pre-draining cumulative CH4 emissions among Francis, Rondo, and a nine FR-RILs (2017 greenhouse study A) as a function of height, root and shoot biomass at four different developmental stages (the synchronized 2017 greenhouse study B) (R1 pre-heading; R4-5 late heading to early grainfill, late grainfill R8-9; and at harvest). r indicates correlation coefficients for the linear or polynomial regressions. Black solid, grey solid, and grey dotted lines represent regression, 95% confidence and prediction band, respectively
표 Relationships among Francis (FC), Rondo (RD), and nine RILs (R1-R9) between pre-draining cumulative CH4 emissions and agronomic traits measured at grain maturity (2017 greenhouse study A): tiller number (A), total panicle number (B), shoot biomass (without grain) (C), root biomass (D), and plant height (E) and total grain weight (F). r indicates correlation coefficients for the regressions; polynomial regressions were used when linear regression residuals exhibited non-random patterns. Black solid, grey solid, and grey dotted lines represent regression, 95% confidence and prediction band, respectively
표 Means (avr), standard error of the means (sem), and differences among varieties calculated using multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05) for agronomic and anatomical traits calculated over various time-periods in the 2017 greenhouse study A
표 Comparison of four varieties and one hybrid line for agronomic traits from the 2017 greenhouse study
표 Transverse section of a representative mature root of five rice varieties. Ep = epidermis; Ar = aerenchyma; Ct = Cortical cells; St = Stele (vascular bundle)
표 Rank-order list of 39 varieties by aerenchyma area and including root transverse section area and aerenchyma area ratio. Varieties shown in bold line box were from the 2017 greenhouse methane study and all others were from the 2016 field study. The same letters indicate no significance with 5% probability by Duncan’s multiple range test
표 Average CH4 emissions of five rice varieties. The same letters indicate no significance with 5% probability by Duncan’s multiple range test. After transplanting, methane sample was collected at 127 days for ′Rondo′ and ′Jupiter′, 105 days for ′Sabine′ and ′Francis′, and 92 days for ′CLXL745′
표 Comparison of aerenchyma area and root transverse section area of five rice varieties. The same letters indicate no significance with 5% probability by Duncan’s multiple range test
표 Comparison of aerenchyma area ratio of five rice varieties. The same letters indicate no significance with 5% probability by Duncan’s multiple range test
표 Correlation between CH4 emissions and aerenchyma area (A), root transverse section area (RTS) (B), and aerenchyma area ratio (C) of root cross sections of five rice varieties
표 Correlation between root transverse section area and aerenchyma area (A), aerenchyma area and aerenchyma area ratio (B), and root transverse section area and aerenchyma area ratio (C) of root cross section of five rice varieties
표 List of the 25 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers genotyped in the 62 FR-RILs, used to identify six TN-QTLs, one of which also associated with RB and SB. Markers were selected based on their ability to tag 16 TN-QTL regions previously reported from other populations†, and are separated below with lines between each QTL region (i.e., those on same chromosome are more than 50 cM distant, and considered as unlinked). A LOD score ≥ indicates presence of a QTL (α = 0.05). Additive effects (add.) and percentage of phenotypic variance explained (PVE) per marker locus are also presented. Data were analyzed, but no QTLs were detected for shoot height, collar height, root biomass per tiller, nor shoot biomass per tiller
표 Pearson’s correlations between related growth traits and biomass measured in 6-week old rice plants
표 Means and means comparisons of trait data from 6-wk-old plants of parents and recombinant inbred line (RIL) progeny of three populations. Tiller number, TN; root biomass, RB, shoot biomass, SB; shoot to root ratio, SB/RB; root biomass per tiller, RB/TN; shoot biomass per tiller, SB/TN; shoot height in cm, Ht; collar height‡ in cm, CollarHt
표 Comparison of TN-QTLs among the three populations studied. Most alleles for increased TN originated from the indica parent (indicated by ‘I’). In just one case (LT-RILs, chromosome 8), the japonica parent contributed the allele for increased TN (indicted by ‘JI’). Data from two markers were combined to clarify the genotype at the sd1 locus on chromosome 1. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained (PVE) per individual QTL, and per model containing all known TN-QTLs per population are also presented, parentheses are used to indicate numbers that were not significant at α= 0.05, but useful for comparison purposes
표 HeHeatmaps showing relatedness (i.e. clustering) among traits calculated by combining data from all three populations (A), as well a per each of three individual populations: FR-RILs (B), LT-RILs (C), KZ-RILS combined (E), and KZ-RILs subsetted as Sd1 (D) and sd1 (F) progeny. Single, double, and triple red stars indicate significance of the trait-trait correlations at the α= 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively

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연합인증

기후변화 대응 메탄가스 저 방출 벼 탐색 기술 개발
Development of a screening methodology for assisting in rice cultivar selection for reduced methane emissions 원문보기