[보고서]고내식 구조재료 부식균열 개시평가 및 대응기술 개발

김동진

보고서 정보

주관연구기관

한국원자력연구원
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

연구책임자

김동진

참여연구자

김민철 , 김성우 , 이은희 , 김홍표 , 최민재 , 황성식 , 조성환 , 임연수 , 이종연

보고서유형

최종보고서

발행국가

대한민국

언어

한국어

발행년월

2020-01

과제시작연도

2019

주관부처

과학기술정보통신부
Ministry of Science and ICT

등록번호

TRKO202000001822

과제고유번호

1711081601

사업명

원자력기술개발사업(R&D)

DB 구축일자

2020-07-29

키워드

스테인리스강.부식균열개시.응력부식균열.표면산화거동.Alloy 690.Stainless steel.Corrosion cracking initiation.Stress corrosion cracking.Surface oxidation behavior.

표 Optical micrographs showing the cross sectional views of (a) EPRI Alloy 690/152 (b) GA alloy 690/152 welds
표 Locations and directions of plate and tensile specimens for surface oxidation test in the (a) EPRI Alloy 690/152 and (b) GA Alloy 690/152 welds
표 Dimensions of (a) tensile and (b) plate specimens for surface oxidation test
표 Schematic drawing of the test loop for surface oxidation test
표 (a) Optical and (b) SEM images of the Alloy 690 base metal in EPRI Alloy 690/152 weld
표 (a) Optical and (b) SEM images of the Alloy 152 weld metal in EPRI Alloy 690/152 weld
표 SEM/EBSD showing the grain boundary characters and distributions of the (a) and (b) Alloy 690 base metal, and (c) Alloy 152 weld metal in EPRI Alloy 690/152 weld
표 (a) Optical and (b) SEM images of the Alloy 690 base metal in GA Alloy 690/152 weld
표 Optical micrographs of the (a) Alloy 690 heat affected zone and (b) Alloy 152 weld metal in GA Alloy 690/152 weld
표 Optical micrographs of the (a) EPRI Alloy 690/152 and (b) GA Alloy 690/152 welds after surface oxidation test
표 TEM image and TEM/EDS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of EPRI Alloy 690
표 TEM image and TEM/EDS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of GA Alloy 690
표 APT image and composition maps of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of GA Alloy 690
표 TEM image and TEM/EELS results around an IG Cr carbide in surface oxidation layer of Alloy 600
표 Comparison of the Commercial Nano-indenters
표 Comparison of the commercial in-situ nanoindenters
표 In-situ SEM nanoindenter
표 In-situ SEM nanoindenter with the specimen
표 In-situ TEM nanoindenter
표 (a) Copper grid, (b) Holder
표 Push-to-pull device
표 Preparation of the in-situ TEM nano-tensile specimen
표 Example of failure of the in-situ TEM specimen (1)
표 Example of failure of the in-situ TEM specimen (2)
표 Preparation of the in-situ SEM tensile specimen
표 In-situ SEM tensile testing specimens (a) width 2 um, (b) width 4 um
표 In-situ SEM tensile testing results
표 Load-depth graph measured by in-situ SEM tensile testing
표 Chemical compositions of alloys used in this study
표 Images obtained using scanning electron microscopy for steam generator tubing materials
표 Selected property of steam generator tubing materials
표 Geometries of tube specimen for RUB specimen preparation and RUB specimen
표 Photos of RUB specimen holder
표 Experimental conditions used in this work
표 Cutting positions for destructive examination of a RUB specimen
표 Maximum crack depth with immersion time in 0.022m NaOH solution at 310℃
표 Maximum crack depth (μm) with immersion time in alkaline solution with NaCl of 3 mol or Na2SO4 of 0.31mol at 310℃
표 Maximum crack depth with immersion time in alkaline solution containing 500ppm Pb and 3mol NaCl of pH(T) 9.5 at 310℃
표 Maximum crack depth with immersion time in alkaline solution containing 500ppm Pb of pH(T) 9.5 at 310℃
표 Maximum crack depth with immersion time in alkaline solution containing 500ppm Pb and 3mol NaCl of pH(T) 9.5 at 310℃
표 SCC rate and FOI of Alloy 690TT based on maximum crack depth (μm) with immersion time in alkaline solution with Pb of 500ppm at 310℃
표 SCC rate and FOI of Alloy 690TT based on maximum crack depth (μm) with immersion time in alkaline solution with Pb of 500ppm and NaCl of 3 mol at 310℃
표 SCC rate and FOI of Alloy 690TT based on maximum crack depth (μm) with immersion time in alkaline solution with Pb of 500ppm and Na2SO4 of 0.31mol at 310℃
표 TEM image for cross section of plate Alloy 690 specimen immersed in 0.1M NaOH containing PbO of 1000 ppm at 315 °C after (a) 14 days and (b) 28 days
표 TEM image for cross section of APEX area of RUB Alloy 690 specimen immersed in leaded solution containing NaCl of pH(T) 9.5 at 310 °C for 12 weeks
표 TEM image and EDS results for cross section of a non-APEX area of a RUB Alloy 690 specimen immersed in leaded solution containing NaCl of pH(T) 9.5 at 310 °C after 12 weeks
표 TEM image and EDS results for cross section of APEX area of a RUB Alloy 600MA sample immersed in leaded solution containing NaCl of pH(T) 9.5 at 310 °C for 12 weeks
표 TEM image for cross section of APEX area of RUB Alloy 690 specimen immersed in leaded solution containing Na2SO4 of pH(T) 9.5 at 310 °C for 15 weeks
표 TEM-EDS results for cross section of APEX area of RUB Alloy 690 specimen immersed in leaded solution containing Na2SO4 of pH(T) 9.5 at 310 °C for 15 weeks
표 Summary of IOL thickness with the chemical species for alkaline solution and SCC behavior of Alloy 690 in this work
표 Chemical composition of Alloy 690 and 600 materials (wt%)
표 Microstructure of Alloy 690 with carbide banding
표 Drawing of tapered tensile specimen
표 Stress-strain curves of cold-worked Alloy 690 and 600 materials
표 Mechanical properties of cold-worked Alloy 690 and 600 materials at 25 and 350℃
표 images of specimen surface after SSRT test in air at 350℃
표 Optical image of cracks on specimen surface after SSRT test in primary water environment
표 SEM images of specimen surface after SSRT test in the primary water at 360℃
표 Location of SCC initiation on the specimen surface
표 Crack density per unit distance along gauge length measured on (a) Alloy 690 and (b) Alloy 600 specimens
표 Total crack length per unit distance along gauge length measured on (a) Alloy 690 and (b) Alloy 600 specimens
표 Plots of applied stress along gauge length calculated from Eq. (2.2.1.1) for various specimens
표 Plots of crack density per unit distance vs. applied stress of Alloy 690 and 600 specimens
표 Plots of total crack length per unit distance vs. applied stress of Alloy 690 and 600 specimens
표 Plots of total crack length per unit distance vs. stress ratio (σ/σYS) of Alloy 690 and 600 specimens
표 Von Mises stress distribution along gauge length of (a) CR 0% Alloy 600(H specimen) and (b) CR 20% Alloy 600(I specimen) calculated from FEA
표 Von Mises stress distribution along gauge length of tapered tensile specimens at various elongations calculated from FEA
표 Optical images of same surface position of a tapered Ni specimen before (left) and after (right) the exposure to a primary water under 360℃ and 150 bar for a week
표 Green-Lagrangian strain distribution map of Y-axis direction for the optical images using (left) coaxial light, (middle) LED-ring light, and (right) conventional SEM image
표 Contour map of equivalent strain distribution on the local area of Ni specimen after slow strain test to (left) 5% and (right) 10%.　 Note that equivalent strain was calculated by von Mises stress equation
표 Observed SCC distribution created by slow strain test to (left) 5% and (right) 10% strained state. (red line: observed cracks after 5% strain test, white line: additionally observed cracks after 10% strain test)
표 Contour map of local strain distribution overlapped on the SCC distribution
표 SEM image marked as SCCs and peak points of equivalent strain value
표 Schematic drawing showing the requirements for SCC occurrence
표 TEM/EELS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface grain boundary of Alloy 600 at a hydrogen concentration of 5 cc H2/kg H2O
표 TEM/EELS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface grain boundary of Alloy 600 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 TEM/EELS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of Alloy 690 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H
표 Crystallographic results obtained from the surface oxidation layer of Alloy 690 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 TEM image and TEM/EDS line profiling across the surface oxidation layer and the grain boundary of Alloy 690 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 (a) TEM image showing the entire range of the grain boundary and (b) the minimum Cr concentrations measured at the grain boundary depending on the depth from the surface
표 TEM image showing the structures of the surface oxidation layer of Alloy 690 exposed to PWR primary water at 325 ℃. The features of interest are highlighted in the figure with explanations describing the internal and IG oxidation processes
표 TEM/EDS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of 20% cold worked Alloy 690 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 TEM/EDS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of 40% cold worked Alloy 690 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 TEM/EELS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of chemically polished Alloy 600
표 TEM/EELS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of mechanically polished Alloy 600
표 TEM/EELS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer of roughly ground Alloy 600
표 TEM/EDS results of oxygen and main elements obtained around an IG Cr carbide in Alloy 600 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 TEM/EDS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layer with IG Cr carbides of Alloy 690 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 Results of micro-bending test
표 Ultra-micro tensile specimen
표 Result of the ultra-micro tensile test
표 Mechanism of crack nucleation of Alloy 690 by dynamic straining
표 In-situ SEM tensile testing specimen design
표 Optical images of PTP devices and the specimens including (a) surface grain boundary, (b) internal grain boundary
표 In-situ SEM tensile testing specimens (a) surface grain boundary, (b) internal grain boundary
표 In-situ SEM tensile testing results (a) surface grain boundary, (b) internal grain boundary
표 Load-displacement curve
표 Stress-strain curve
표 Chemical compositions of Alloy 600 SG tubing
표 Drawing of Alloy 600 C-ring specimen used in this work
표 Sequence of cracks from in-situ microscope and corresponding Schmid factor map from EBSD
표 Sequence of cracks from in-situ microscope and corresponding Schmid factor map from EBSD
표 Schematics of Schmid factor and Schmid-modified grain boundary stress (SMGBS) model
표 Properties of optical window materials in different conditions
표 Minimum thickness of sapphire and diamond optical windows under high temperature and pressure
표 Absorption coefficient of water versus wavelength
표 Optimized LSCM images on the Ni specimen surface (a) without and (b) with the use of window and water-filled chamber
표 Green-Lagrangian strain distribution overlapped on the optimized LSCM image of Ni specimen surface in the water-filled chamber covered with sapphire window
표 Schematic drawing of rupture disk
표 Chemical compositions of Alloy 600
표 The yield strength(YS), ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and elongation(EL) of Alloy 600
표 (a) high pressure rupture test facility, (b) room temperature and high pressure condition rupture disk type test cell
표 High temperature and high pressure condition (a) rupture test facility, (b) rupture disk type test cell
표 Burst pressure dependence on disk thickness in RT, HP condition
표 Burst pressure dependence on disk thickness in room temperature and high pressure condition
표 FEA results (D=10mm. d=5mm, t=0.2mm)
표 Disk thickness change measurement (test 4)
표 Disk thickness change measurement (test 7)
표 SEM images obsercation (test 12)
표 Burst pressure dependence on disk thickness in high temperature and high pressure condition
표 Burst pressure dependence on disk thickness in high temperature and high pressure condition
표 Schematic drawing of (a) several factors affecting surface oxidation behavior, (b) internal and IG oxidation processes, and (c) crack initiation in Ni-base alloys
표 Locations and directions of CT specimens for CGR test in the (a) EPRI Alloy 690/152 and (b) GA Alloy 690/152 welds
표 Dimensions of a CT specimen for CGR test
표 Summary on the CGR results of Alloy 690/152 and Alloy 600/182 welds conducted at 325 ℃
표 Optical micrographs showing crack propagation in (a) Alloy 600, (b) Alloy 690, (c) Alloy 182, and (d) Alloy 152
표 In-situ SEM tensile testing results of oxidized Alloy 600 and Alloy 690
표 Stress-strain curves of Alloy 600 and Alloy 690
표 In-situ SEM images by the testing time with the load-displacement curve of oxidized Alloy 690
표 Cross-sectional image of crack tip of Alloy 690
표 Schematic drawings showing (a) IG oxidation and crack initiation in Alloy 600 and (b) process of innermost Cr2O3 layer formation in Alloy 690 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 Inward diffusion of oxygen depending on the hydrogen concentration in Alloy 690/152 and Alloy 600/182 welds
표 TEM/EDS results of oxygen and main elements obtained from the surface oxidation layers of 0, 20% and 40% cold worked Alloy 690 at a hydrogen concentration of 30 cc H2/kg H2O
표 Results on the resistance to crack initiation depending on the surface states of Alloy 600
표 Results on the effects of IG Cr carbide on the resistance to crack initiation of Ni-base alloys
표 Hydrogen partial pressure depending on dissolved hydrogen concentration
표 Primary water loop design (front side)
표 Primary water loop design (back side)
표 Primary water loop for high DH (front side)
표 Primary water loop for high DH (back side)
표 Result of DH measurement
표 Change of DH concentration measurement values by the primary water flow
표 Conductivity and pH measurement
표 Dissolved oxygen concentration measurement
표 Stress-strain curve of unirradiated specimen
표 Time-displacement curve and calculation of the strain rate
표 Hydrogen partial pressure depending on dissolved hydrogen concentration
표 Sample preparation for observation of the cross-sectional area of the proton-irradiated specimens
표 Optical microscope observation of the cross-sectional ares of the proton-irradiated specimens (a) 25 cc/kg·H2O, (b) 50 cc/kg·H2O
표 SEM observation of the cross-sectional ares of the proton-irradiated specimens (a) 25 cc/kg·H2O, (b) 50 cc/kg·H2O
표 Analysis of the crack number density
표 Tensile specimens after SSRT (a) 3 dpa, (b) 5 dpa
표 Observation of the irradiated areas (a) 3 dpa, (b) 5 dpa
표 Observation of the IG cracks (a) 3 dpa, (b) 5 dpa
표 Observation of the IG cracks on the 3 dpa specimens (a) DH 50 cc/kg·H2O, (b) DH 100 cc/kg·H2O

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고내식 구조재료 부식균열 개시평가 및 대응기술 개발
Evaluation of corrosion cracking initiation and counteracting technology development for nuclear structural materials 원문보기

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고내식 구조재료 부식균열 개시평가 및 대응기술 개발 Evaluation of corrosion cracking initiation and counteracting technology development for nuclear structural materials 원문보기

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고내식 구조재료 부식균열 개시평가 및 대응기술 개발
Evaluation of corrosion cracking initiation and counteracting technology development for nuclear structural materials 원문보기

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