보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
한국해양과학기술원 Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology |
연구책임자 |
우한준
|
참여연구자 |
강가은
,
강동훈
,
강승구
,
강정원
,
권재일
,
김웅서
,
박준용
,
박찬미
,
방설희
,
송바름
,
이준호
,
정갑식
,
정은지
,
정의영
,
정의용
,
정회수
,
최재웅
,
허낙원
,
허식
,
현상민
|
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2019-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2018 |
주관부처 |
해양수산부 Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries |
과제관리전문기관 |
한국해양과학기술원 Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology |
등록번호 |
TRKO202000007771 |
과제고유번호 |
1525008449 |
사업명 |
한국해양과학기술원운영지원(주요사업비) |
DB 구축일자 |
2020-07-29
|
키워드 |
낙동강 하구역.상호작용.울타리섬.하구 연안시스템.해양특성 자료.Nakdong River Estuary.Land-Sea Interaction.Barrier Island.Estuary Coastal System.Marine characteristics data.
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO202000007771 |
초록
▼
· 봄철 갈수기부터 가을 갈수기까지 하구 중간과 동쪽 갯벌에서는 퇴적이 우세하고, 하구 서쪽 갯벌인 진우도 갯벌은 침식, 서낙동강 하구둑 부근 갯벌에서는 퇴적
· 대조기에 3개 측선을 통한 기수역 성층화(stratification) 특성 파악 결과 서낙동강은 낙조시 울타리섬 입구를 제외하고 염분의“약 혼합형 하구(salt wedge estuary, 염수쐐기형, 상·하층간 성층화)”특성을 보이며, 창조시 전 기수역에서 “강 혼합형 하구(well mixed estuary) 특성. 그러나 낙동강 본류(을숙도 좌·우)는 낙조 및 창조
· 봄철 갈수기부터 가을 갈수기까지 하구 중간과 동쪽 갯벌에서는 퇴적이 우세하고, 하구 서쪽 갯벌인 진우도 갯벌은 침식, 서낙동강 하구둑 부근 갯벌에서는 퇴적
· 대조기에 3개 측선을 통한 기수역 성층화(stratification) 특성 파악 결과 서낙동강은 낙조시 울타리섬 입구를 제외하고 염분의“약 혼합형 하구(salt wedge estuary, 염수쐐기형, 상·하층간 성층화)”특성을 보이며, 창조시 전 기수역에서 “강 혼합형 하구(well mixed estuary) 특성. 그러나 낙동강 본류(을숙도 좌·우)는 낙조 및 창조시 모두 “약 혼합형 하구” 특성을 보임
· 도요등 울타리섬에 설치된 무인자동기상관측기(AWS, 1초간격)와 비디오시스템(CCTV)의 4G LTE 정보통신기술을 이용한 실시간 자료를 획득하고, 주기적(1-4회/년)으로 기수역 특성(염분, 유향, 유속, 온도, pH, DO 등)과 기상 정보 등을 제공하는 해양환경정보시스템(MEIS) 시범 구축(URL 방식 접속).
· 도요등 중앙부 beach face의 해안선은 10년간 97 m 북쪽으로 이동하였고, back-barrier의 해안선은 149 m 북쪽으로 이동하여 도요등 중앙부의 폭은 52 m 증가, 2016년 10월 태풍 차바와 2018년 태풍 콩레이의 영향으로 도요등의 면적은 각각 17,615 m2와 46,615 m2 감소
· 도요등 남서부의 퇴적물 이동경향 분석 결과, beach face에서는 onshore 방향의 퇴적물 이동이 우세, dune에서는 식생 및 조수로 분포로 퇴적물 이동벡터가 다방향. back-barrier에서는 퇴적물 이동이 썰물 방향과 다소 일치함을 보임
· 도요등 주변 해류의 흐름은 도요등 서쪽 수로의 경우 표층과 중층을 통하여 외해로 유출되고 저층으로 유입되는 특성에 따라 저층퇴적물은 남에서 북으로 이동하는 것으로 추측
· 명지와 을숙도 갯벌 퇴적물의 염분도가 15 psu 이상으로 새섬매자기 생육에 적합한 염분 범위인 10∼15 psu 보다 높음. 이는 최근 하굿둑 방류량 감소가 원인으로 판단되어 새섬매자기 개체수 감소가 나타내고 있음
· Landscape에 기반을 두는 14개 a priori group은 군집분석에서 모두 6개의 소환경으로 구분되며, 이중 소환경 1과 2는 혼합환경이고 소환경 3, 4, 5 및 6은 해양환경 속함
(출처 : 초록 5p)
Abstract
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Ⅳ. Results
The short-term sedimentation rates from March 2018 to November 2018 were obtained that the deposition was dominated on the tidal flat in the middle and eastern side of the estuary. The erosion was dominated on the tidal flat at Jinudo (station JW), located on the west side of the estua
Ⅳ. Results
The short-term sedimentation rates from March 2018 to November 2018 were obtained that the deposition was dominated on the tidal flat in the middle and eastern side of the estuary. The erosion was dominated on the tidal flat at Jinudo (station JW), located on the west side of the estuary. The deposition occurs on the tidal flat near dike gate (dam) of west Nakdong River (main stream).
The characteristics of the tide change characteristics at the estuarine reference point in the ship’s dock of Nakdong Estuary Eco Center (NEEC) were observed during the investigation of sedimentation rates according to the field survey by the dry (low water) season and the flood season. As a result of comparison with tidal observations, it was found to summer that the stand of tide time (platform tide time) was quicker in ebb and the stand of tide time was delayed in flood.
The brackish water zone environments (n = 14, A, B, and C three lines), the temperature, flow direction, flow rate, salinity (psu), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of the upper and bottom layers were measured using a multi-parameter display system and recording current meter to assess the ebb and flood of the spring tide during April and July 2018. The average surface layer and lower layer salinities of the Nakdong River located at the bottom of the Noksan floodgate (line A), the Nakdong River on the east side of Eulsukdo Island (line B) and the right main stream of the Nakdong River (line C) were 2.9-18.2 and 12.4-32.5 psu, respectively, and the mean surface–bottom layer difference in April and July was about 13.8 psu. In the SI (stratification index) analysis, the line A was classified as “a salt-water wedge estuary” with strong stratification in the ebb, and showed “a well mixed estuary” in which surface-bottom mixing occurred during the flood except A-5 area. However, lines B and C showed a distinctive salt-water wedge estuary showing stratification during both the ebb and flood. The topographic characteristics of the moat form in east of the Eulsukdo mud flat and in front of the water line on the right side of Eulsukdo Island were expected to represent large changes in the waterside geological and water quality. The system enables data management, and open access is necessary.
In this study, marine environmental information system (MEIS) data collected after May 2015 were applied to SI (stratification index) of salinity (psy) in the Nakdong River Estuary (NRE) front the Noksan floodgate and NRE barrage, Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea. The MEIS was run in real time (1-s intervals) and made periodic marine observations (one to four times a year). The real-time data were largely obtained from a closed-circuit television and automatic weather stations using long-term evolution communication at two stations in March 2016. Since May 2015, the data have included periodic observations of surface sediment distributions (n = 90), the characteristics of suspended sediments in inlets and channel (n = 4), the brackish water zone environment during spring tide ebb and flood (n = 14, three lines), the seasonal variation in sedimentation along tidal flats (n = 29, three lines), and landscape classifications of the sub-environment (n = 30) in the barrier islands. The MEIS will enable effective estuary management and contribute to reducing the damage caused by natural disasters. Real-time prediction information has been integrated with environmental sensitivity index maps, which are provided using a geographic information system to enable a response strategy.
The dynamic flows monitoring or modeling study of brackish water zone in NRE is much necessary using MEIS for the nation at a time when the diversity of marine use, ecological health change issues and the demand for policies regarding marine environment variable after full or partial opening of NRE barrage in 2019 to 2021.
The total area of the barrier islands in Nakdong River Estuary had been declining since the dike gate (dam) construction in 1987, but had been on the rise again since the four major river project in 2012. After the construction of the dike gate (dam), the area of the barrier islands has been continuously increasing and experienced remarkable morphologic change. The annual rate of shoreline change in Doyo-deung which was extracted from satellite images for a 10-year dataset, increased to 13,019 m2/year. The shoreline has been moved 97 m landward in the beach face, and 149 m landward in the back-barrier during 10 years. As a result of landward shoreline movement, it has been increasing 52 m in width. For the cross-sectional profiles of DY Line B and DY Line C, observed rates of the unit volumes were characterized by 10 m2/m and -10m2/m respectively. These results showed minor variability in spite of following storm event such as typhoon Konglay. Area changes analysed from drone images have been constantly increasing. Area change in 2018, it was increased 27,403 m2 (3.0 %) and the annual rate of shoreline change in 11,497 m2/year compared to June of 2016. Following typhoon Chaba and Konglay in 2018, area changes were characterized a decrease by 17,615 m2 and 46,615 m2 decreased, respectively.
The result of grain size trend analysis showed that sediments were moved to onshore which is direction of wave action prevails in the beach face. In dune, sediments transport vector indicated multi-direction because of distribution of the vegetations and changeable tidal channels and/or creeks. In the back-barrier, the sediments tended to move to the direction of the ebb current.
MOHID numerical modeling based on topographic and hydrodynamic data around the Doyo-deung was used for understanding the current behavior. In the west channel of the Doyo-deung, the ebb currents were stronger in both surface and mid layers, while flood-dominant feature occurred in the bottom layer accompanied with onshore sediment transport. Spit in the western Doyo-deung has been expanded to the west following typhoon Chaba in 2016, indicating sediment transport occurred from east to west by longshore current.
In addition, these sediments were supposed to move in the channel and formed of the additional spit growing north and south resulting. In the eastern channel, ebb currents were stronger than flood currents through whole water column, in the surface layer much stronger.
Thus, the sediment moved toward the offshore in accordance with the river flow which is from north to south. In consequence, sediments have been placed north to south at the eastern end of Doyo-deung.
The salinity of Eulsuk island and Myeongji was higher than 15 psu and the suitable salinity range for Scirpus planiculmis growth, 10~15psu. The recent decrease in dike gate (dam) discharge would have increased the estuarine salinity causing the S. planiculmis population decline in Nakdong Estuary. The pH of sediment cores collected in S. planiculmis habitats was lower than that of sediment cores collected in control stations. In June, the δ13C value of Eulsuk island was within the range of estuarine particulate organic matter (POM). The δ13C values of surface sediments were a little high due to introduction of marine POM. Since the δ13C values of sediment cores collected at Eulsuk island were similar to those of S. planiculmis root and stem, S. planiculmis colony might inhabit in Eulsuk island continuously.
To classify Nakdong River Estuary sub-environments and identify their unique ecological functions, the first step in classification was the establishment of 14 a priori sub-environmental groups based on various landscape factors. Subsequently, 30 surface sediments within these a priori groups were collected and analyzed for factors related to grain size and organic matter.
The study area was divided into two basic types based on analysis results: a mixed marine and terrestrial environment influenced primarily by land and a largely marine environment influenced by the ocean. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the mixed terrestrial-marine and marine environments, which divided these primary estuarine environs into six sub-environments (Sub-1 and 2 were in the mixed terrestrial-marine environment and Sub-3, 4, 5, and 6 were in the marine environment). Results suggested fine sediments, organic matter, and coarse sediments controlled the distribution of NRE sub-environments. Therefore, environmental constituents, i.e. topography, sediment texture, waves, flushing, vegetation, and biological activity used in environmental classification were effective in determining the major regulatory factors controlling the NRE environment. It also indicated estuarine environments and barrier-lagoon systems interacted in one geographic area, resulting in a very unique topographic environment.
(출처 : SUMMARY 15p)
목차 Contents
- 표지 ... 1
- 제 출 문 ... 3
- 보고서 초록 ... 5
- 요 약 문 ... 7
- SUMMARY ... 13
- CONTENTS ... 19
- 목차 ... 21
- 표목차 ... 23
- 그림목차 ... 24
- 제1장 서론 ... 31
- 제2장 국·내외 기술개발 현황 ... 37
- 제 1 절 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 39
- 제 2 절 국외 기술개발 현황 ... 44
- 제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 47
- 제1절 하구역의 시/공간 해양특성 자료 제공을 위한 해양환경정보시스템 시범구축 ... 49
- 1 서론 ... 49
- 2 연구 내용 및 방법 ... 52
- 3 연구 결과 ... 68
- 4 토의 ... 96
- 5 결론 ... 104
- 제2절 하구 연안시스템 순환 특성 및 기능 파악 ... 107
- 1 서론 ... 107
- 2 연구 내용 및 방법 ... 107
- 3 연구 결과 ... 117
- 4 토의 및 결론 ... 141
- 제3절 소환경 특성 및 복원 사례 파악 ... 145
- 1 서론 ... 145
- 2 연구 내용 및 방법 ... 147
- 3 연구 결과 ... 154
- 4 토의 ... 167
- 5 결론 ... 173
- 제4장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 175
- 제 1 절 목표 달성도 ... 177
- 제 2 절 대외 기여도 ... 178
- 제5장 연구개발 결과의 활용계획 ... 181
- 제6장 참고문헌 ... 185
- 부 록 국외 학회지 논문 외 ... 195
- 제 1절 국외 학술지 논문 ... 199
- 제 2절 국·내외 학술발표 ... 255
- 제 3절 국내 특허 ... 263
- 제 4절 해양환경정보시스템(MEIS) 시범구축 ... 273
- 끝페이지 ... 283
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