[보고서]우주환경과 저층대기에 의한 극지고층대기변화 규명

지건화

우주환경과 저층대기에 의한 극지고층대기변화 규명
Understanding polar upper atmospheric changes by energy inputs from the space environment and the lower atmosphere 원문보기

보고서 정보
주관연구기관	한국해양과학기술원 Korea Institute of Ocean Science ＆ Technology
연구책임자	지건화
참여연구자	김성중 , 김정한 , 남승일 , 박기태 , 박상종 , 박지연 , 윤영준 , 이창섭 , 이방용 , 최태진 , 홍상범 , 황희진 , 감호식 , 권혁진 , 김은솔 , 김지은 , 송인선 , 이지희 , 함영배 , 김관혁 , 김용하 , 전혜영 , 길효섭
보고서유형	최종보고서
발행국가	대한민국
언어	한국어
발행년월	2020-02
과제시작연도	2019
주관부처	해양수산부 Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries
등록번호	TRKO202000008034
과제고유번호	1525009358
사업명	극지연구소운영지원(R&D)(주요사업비)
DB 구축일자	2020-07-29
키워드	극지고층대기.극지우주환경.우주기상.오로라.Polar upper atmosphere.Polar space environment.Space weather.Aurora.

초록 ▼

○ 남북극 극지고층대기 지상관측시스템 구축 완료
○ 극지고층대기 전리권-열권-중간권의 물리·화학적 변화 관측 및 변화 기작 규명
- 극지 전리권의 물리적 상태 변화
- 극지 열권-중간권의 물리적 상태 변화
- 극지 전리권 플라즈마 밀도 변화와 극지 열권-중간권 변화와의 상관관계

○ 태양-자기권 파동 및 고에너지 입자 유입에 의한 극지고층대기 변화 규명
- 자기권 전자기 에너지에 의한 극지 전리권 변화
- 고에너지 입자 유입에 의한 극지고층대기 변화
- 오로라 발생과 극지고층대기 변화

○ 저층대기에서 발생된 대기중력파의 시공간적 전파기작 및 극지고층대기 변화와의 상관관계 규명
- 지상 및 저층대기에서 전파된 대기파동에 의한 극지고층대기 변화
- 온실가스, 에어로졸 등 저층대기 구성물질 전파에 의한 극지고층대기 변화
- 우주선/고에너지 입자에 의한 저층대기의 화학적 변화

(출처 : 초록 3p)

Abstract ▼

○ and Antarctica
- Polar upper atmospheric observation system at Dasan station, Svalbard, Norway and Kiruna, Sweden
· Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) for the thermospheric winds and temperature and the ionospheric ion temperature measurements
· Terminate the operation of Michelson interferometer in Kiruna, Sweden
· GPS TEC/Scintillation monitor for ionospheric TEC and density irregularity
· All sky camera for proton aurora
- European incoherent scatter scientific association (EISCAT) radar observations for the polar ionosphere
- Polar upper atmospheric observation system at King Sejong Station, Antarctica
· Terminate the operation of the Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) at King Sejong station, Antarctica and develop the mesospheric temperature mapper (MTM) to replace SATI
· Meteor radar for MLT neutral winds and temperature
· GPS TEC/Scintillation monitor for ionospheric TEC and density irregularity
· All sky camera for atmospheric gravity wave
· Installation of a new Fabry-Perot interferometer in collaboration with US HAO/NCAR
· A new optical observatory
- Polar upper atmospheric and space environmental observation system at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica
· Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar for various ionospheric parameters in the polar region
· Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) for the thermospheric winds and temperature
· All sky cameras for proton aurora and atmospheric gravity waves
· Search coil magnetometer for the magnetosphere
· Neutron monitor for cosmic ray and energetic particles
· GPS TEC/Scintillation monitor for ionospheric TEC and density irregularity
- Space environment monitoring system at Korea Polar Research Institute

○ Study on the physical and chemical states of the polar upper atmosphere
- Plasma density variations in the polar ionosphere
· Analysis of the ionospheric density parameters observed by VIPIR at JBS and EISCAT at Svalbard and Kiruna
· Ionospheric density irregularity observed by GPS TEC/Scintillation monitor
- Ion-neutral coupling in the polar upper atmosphere
· Comparison between ion drifts from VIPIR and thermospheric winds from FPI simultaneously observed at JBS, Antarctica
- Upper atmospheric changes with solar activity

○ Polar upper atmospheric changes due to energy inputs from the space environments
- Upper atmospheric changes in relation to the aurora
· Distribution of auroral occurrence at JBS
· Correlation of the auroral occurrence and ionospheric variations at JBS
- Electromagnetic energy exchange between the magnetosphere and ionosphere
- Solar wind and magnetosphere interaction and its relation to the polar upper atmosphere
· Ionospheric changes in association with wave phenomena in the magnetosphere
- Chemical effects of the energetic particles on the atmospheric components
· Polar atmospheric changes induced by energetic particles during high speed solar wind stream
· Numerical modelling study

○ Polar upper atmospheric changes due to the energy inputs from the lower atmosphere
- Atmospheric wave effects on the polar upper atmosphere
· Inertia-Gravity Waves Revealed in Radiosonde Data at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica (74°37'S, 164°13'E): 2. Potential Sources and Their Relation to Inertia-Gravity Waves
· Dynamic Initialization for Whole Atmospheric Global Modeling
· Propagation of parameterized gravity waves and its effects on pseudomomentum flux in a sudden stratospheric warming event
· Gravity Wave Activities in the Upper Mesosphere at King Sejong Station, Antarctica (62.22°S, 58.78°W) and Their Correlation with the Jet Stream in the Lower Atmosphere
- Effects of the atmospheric constituents on the polar upper atmosphere
- Atmospheric changes due to the cosmic ray and energetic particles originated from the outer space
· Responses of nitric oxide to high-speed solar wind stream in the high-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere region
· Numerical modeling study on the middle atmospheric responses to medium energy electron (MEE) in the polar region

(출처 : SUMMARY 8p)

목차 Contents

표지 ... 1
제 출 문 ... 2
보고서 초록 ... 3
요 약 문 ... 4
S U M M A R Y ... 7
C O N T E N T S ... 11
목차 ... 13
제 1 장 서론 ... 15
1. 연구개발의 목적 ... 15
2. 연구개발 배경 및 필요성 ... 15
제 2 장 국내․외 연구개발 현황 ... 18
1. 국내수준 ... 18
2. 국외수준 ... 18
3. 국내외 주요연구기관 현황 ... 19
제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 20
1. 극지연구소 우주환경 및 극지 고층대기 연구 현황 ... 20
2. 극지연구소 남북극 극지 인프라 현황 ... 21
3. 극지고층대기 전리권-열권 변화 관측 및 기작 연구 ... 32
4. 태양-자기권 파동 및 고에너지 입자에 의한 극지고층대기 변화 연구 ... 43
5. 대기중력파의 전파기작 및 극지고층대기 변화와의 상관관계 연구 ... 49
6. 극지고층대기 및 우주환경 관측인프라 구축 ... 54
제 4 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 58
1. 기대효과 ... 58
2. 연구결과 활용계획 ... 58
제 5 장 참고문헌 ... 59
<부록 1> KPDC 등록 이행실적 ... 64
<부록 2> 데이터 관리 계획서 ... 65
끝페이지 ... 78

표/그림 (50)

표 지구 주면 우주환경 변화가 인간활동에 미치는 영향. 대기 중 기상변화와 마찬가지로 우주기상은 다양한 인간활동에 영향을 미치는데, 위성통신, 인공위성 운용, 우주인 활동, 극궤도 항공 등 현대사회에서 우주기상의 영향은 점점 더 광범위해지고 있다 (미국 NASA)
표 Various forms of solar energy enter into the Earth’s upper atmosphere along the geomagnetic field lines in the polar region
표 Various atmospheric waves originated from the lower atmosphere. These waves propagate upward and significantly affect the upper atmosphere. (출처: http://arise-project.eu/atmospheric-dynamics.php)
표 Ground-based observations for the upper atmosphere and space environment performed in the polar region in Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)
표 King Sejong Station was established in 1988 at the tip of the Antarctic peninsula (62° 13′ S, 58° 47′ W)
표 Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) at KSS. It measures airglow emissions occuring at the upper atmosphere to observe the temperature in the region
표 Meteor Radar at KSS utilizes an electromagnetic wave to observe meteor echoes in order to measure the neutral winds and temperature
표 All Sky Camera(ASC) at King Sejong Station, Antarctica. It measures airglow emissions to observe the gravity waves in the upper atmosphere
표 A new optical observatory was installed at KSS in 2017 with all sky camera and Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI)
표 All sky cameras to observe airglow emissions (top) and proton aurora (bottom) at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica. The proton auroral ASC is also operated in Svalbard, Norway
표 Fabry-Perot Interferometer installed at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica in March 2014 to observe the neutral winds and temperature in the polar upper atmosphere
표 Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR) installed at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctic in Feb. 2015 to monitor the polar ionosphere
표 Search Coil Magnetometer installed at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica in Feb. 2016 to observe the Earth’s magnetic field in the polar region
표 Neutron monitor has been installed at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica in the 2015-2016 summer season and it will be completed in the 2017-2018 summer season
표 Dasan Station (78° 55′ N, 11° 56′ E) and Kiruna, Sweden (67° 51′ N, 20° 13′ E) are located in the polar cap and auroral regions, respectively
표 Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) installed at Dasan Station, Svalbard, Norway in Oct. 2015 for the simultaneous observations for the neutral winds and ion drift in the polar cap region
표 Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) installed at Esrange, Kiruna, Sweden in Oct. 2016 for the simultaneous observations for the neutral winds and ion drift in the auroral region
표 All Sky Camera installed at KHO, Svalbard, Norway to observe proton aurora near the polar cusp region
표 EISCAT radar for the observation of the polar ionosphere. The current radar (left) will be replaced with the next generation EISCAT-3D radar system (right)
표 Height versus magnetic local time distributions of ion upflow occurrence for four Categories as indicated in the figure: Category 1 with only ion heating, Category 2 with only electron heating, Category 3 with both ion and electron heatings, Category 4 without any heating
표 Comparison between meteor radar and FPI observed mesospheric neutral winds
표 Initial results of neutral winds and temperature measured by FPI at Dasan station
표 Comparison between ion drifts from VIPIR (red) and thermospheric winds from FPI (blue). The ions and neutrals are most closely coupled at the yellow-shaded area
표 Comparison between ion drifts from VIPIR (red) and thermospheric winds from FPI (blue). Green-boxed local times correspond to the yellow-shaded areas in Fig. 23
표 Rotation angles of the neutral wind vectors with respect to the ion drift vectors. Green-boxed local times correspond to the yellow-shaded areas in Fig. 23
표 Ionospheric density profiles during the same periods as Figures 23-25. Red-boxed local times correspond to the yellow-shaded areas in Fig. 23, which implies that the strong ion-neutral coupling is related to the large electron density in the ionosphere
표 JBS-VIPIR-observed ion drifts in summer (top) and winter (bottom) seasons in association with IMF By (left for By>0 and right for By<0)
표 Occurrence rates of the amplitude scintillation (S4) over JBS for summer (top) and winter in 2017 in the zenith angles coordinate from 0 (boundary) to 90 deg. (center) at 10 deg. step. Four columns represent dawn, noon, dusk, and midnight sectors
표 Same as Fig. 28 but for the phase scintillation
표 Hourly mean electron density profiles with magnetic local time during equinox, summer and winter for low solar (F10.7 < 120) and low geomagnetic (Kp < 2) activities at Millstone Hill (MH; left), Tromso (EISCAT; middle), and Svalbard (ESR; right) stations. The diurnal variations of the density profiles are presented in the contour (top) and line plots (bottom). ‘TH’ in the line plots indicates the transition height between O+ and H+ ion dominated regions during nighttime
표 Observations and simulations for the first day of the 2018 (left) and 2011 (right) flights. The meridional (upper) and zonal (lower) components of thermospheric winds from HIWIND (pink dots), ion drifts from EISCAT radar (green), and TIEGCM‐simulated winds (dark blue). The ion drift scale is on the right in meters per second, which is double the scale for the neutral winds. The wind errors for HIWIND observations range from 15 to 30 m/s. EISCAT = European Incoherent SCATter; HIWIND = High‐altitude Interferometer WIND experiment; IMF = interplanetary magnetic field; TIEGCM = Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model
표 The distributions of Pc5 power from Antarctic stations for monthly MLT bins
표 Pc1 waves observed at JBS (left) and South Pole station (right) in Antarctica
표 (a) High-speed solar wind stream events from 6 November 2007 to 1 February 2008; (b) daily mean of electron flux with the medium to high energy of >30 (black), >100 (green), and >300 keV (magenta) at the geomagnetic latitude of 60-77N; (c) daily mean of relativistic electron flux with the energy >1 MeV at the geomagnetic latitude of 60-77N; (d) the Dst index as a proxy for geomagnetic activity; and (e) the altitude profile of daily zonal mean NO VMR at the geomagnetic latitude of 60-77N in the altitude range of 40-70 km. The black vertical dashed lines indicate the stratospheric sudden warming onset. VMR = volume mixing ratio
표 Detection of the aurora from ASC observed auroral image
표 Statistical distributions of the auroral occurrence over JBS
표 Top panel shows the keograms from the auroral images observed by ASC at JBS. They are compared with signal strength and electron density distributions simultaneously observed by VIPIR
표 Aura/MLS temperature anomalies derived from the means between 65N and 82N during the major SSW events occurred on 2006, 2009, and 2013
표 Same as Fig. 18 but for O3 anomalies
표 (a) Power spectrum density (PSD) and standard deviations resulting from the 5-year monthly mean 3D-FFT (b) Monthly mean PSD of the gravity waves with the horizontal phase speed of 10~70 m/sec. (c) seasonal wind blocking diagrams in the altitude range of 10-64 km and 80-90 km
표 Wind blocking diagrams obtained from the wind measurements of MERRA-2 and meteor radar (80-90 km altitude) at (a) 10-64 km, (b) 30-64 km, (c) 40-64 km, (d) 50-64 km
표 (a) Monthly mean PSD of the gravity wave with the horizontal phase speed of 10~70 m/sec. and (b) wind blocking diagram at 50 km altitude
표 Gravity wave activities in the upper mesosphere at KSS
표 Global distributions of horizontial winds (top), zonal component of momentum flux (middle), and horizontal wave number at 38 km altitude on 4 days prior to SSW in 2009
표 Meridional (left) and zonal (right) components of the perturbations of gravity wave (top) and density fluxes (bottom) at the 18.5 km altitude in June, 2010
표 Ground observation system for the upper atmopshere in the Arctic
표 Ground observation system for the upper atmopshere in Antarctica
표 Near-realtime space environment monitoring system (1)
표 Near-realtime space environment monitoring system (2)
표 Near-realtime space environment monitoring system (3)

과제명(ProjectTitle) :	-
연구책임자(Manager) :	-
과제기간(DetailSeriesProject) :	-
총연구비 (DetailSeriesProject) :	-
키워드(keyword) :	-
과제수행기간(LeadAgency) :	-
연구목표(Goal) :	-
연구내용(Abstract) :	-
기대효과(Effect) :	-

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연합인증

우주환경과 저층대기에 의한 극지고층대기변화 규명
Understanding polar upper atmospheric changes by energy inputs from the space environment and the lower atmosphere 원문보기